乙醇溶液对木瓜蛋白酶催化活性的影响

研究了乙醇溶液对木瓜蛋白酶水解酪蛋白的催化活性及构象的影响。结果表明,木瓜蛋白酶在一定浓度乙醇溶液中水解酪蛋白的活性有显著上升。动力学测定表明木瓜蛋白酶在乙醇溶液中米氏常数（Km）下降。差示光谱显示,在乙醇溶液中木瓜蛋白酶的二级结构发生了变化。荧光发射光谱表明,木瓜蛋白酶在乙醇溶液中发射峰位几乎没移动,但发射强度明显增高。     

乙二醇对木瓜蛋白酶催化活性的影响

对不同浓度乙二醇水溶液影响木瓜蛋白酶水解酪蛋白的催化活性及构象的改变进行研究。结果表明,木瓜蛋白酶在乙二醇水溶液中水解酪蛋白的活性显著下降。动力学测定表明,木瓜蛋白酶在乙二醇水溶液中最大反应速度明显下降;差示光谱显示,在乙二醇水溶液中木瓜蛋白酶的二级结构发生了变化;荧光发射光谱显示,木瓜蛋白酶在乙二醇水溶液中发射峰位几乎没移动,但发射强度明显增高。     

有机溶剂对脂肪酶LipozymeIM催化活性的影响

脂肪酶LipozYmeIM经有机溶剂浸泡处理后活性显著提高。该文系统地探讨了有机溶剂特性、有机溶剂水含量以及有机溶剂浸泡温度和浸泡时间对LipozymeIM催化活性的影响。发现LipozymeIM经疏水性较强的有机溶剂浸泡处理后活性成倍增长;浸泡的最佳温度为60℃左右;浸泡时间对酶活影响不大;随着有机溶剂水含量的增加,酶活性急剧下降。     

尼龙固定化木瓜蛋白酶及其应用研究

 尼龙经CaCl_2和H_2O的甲醇溶液处理,稀HCl水解用戊二醛交联以制备固定化木瓜蛋白酶。在溶液酶浓度为1mg/mL pH7.5—8.0、4—15℃条件下固定3h,活力回收42.5％,相对活力46％,偶联效率52％,半衰期72天。溶液酶Km值和固定化酶K_m~(aPP)值(底物酪蛋白W/V,％)分别为0.28％和0.35％。溶液酶和固定化酶分别在pH6.5和pH8.0以下活力稳定;最适pH分别为7.0和8.0;在65℃处理30min活力分别为原有活力的89％和66％。当酪蛋白浓度为1.5％和2.5％以上活力分别受到抑制。固定化酶在6mol/L脲中连续浸洗5次共6h其活力稳定,仍有原活力的44.4％;用以处理啤酒浊度比对照下降了2-11倍;蛋白质含量下降了55％;冷藏(4℃)120天,无冷混浊发生;同时各项理化指标和风味不变。     

海藻酸钠-壳聚糖固定化木瓜蛋白酶催化内吗啡肽的合成

反应体系以乙腈作为有机介质,在微水有机溶剂体系中以Boc-Trp-OH和Phe-NH2为底物,用海藻酸钠 壳聚糖固定化木瓜蛋白酶催化合成Trp-Phe-NH2时,产率为27.8%．在这一合成反应中,对pH值、离子强度、溶液含量、反应温度、酶用量和反应时间进行正交试验,证明pH是本合成过程的最重要影响因素．反应体系以乙腈为有机介质,在微水有机溶剂体系中以 Boc-Tyr-Pro-OMe和Trp-Phe-NH2为底物,用IPSAC催化合成Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2,产率为35~2%．     

木瓜蛋白酶的固定化及其性质研究

在海藻酸钠-壳聚糖固定化木瓜蛋白酶(immobilized papin on sodium alginate-chitosan,IPSAC)的实验中,当给酶量为1 mg g1载体时,酶活性为39.2 U,酶活力回收为21.1%.在尼龙布固定化木瓜蛋白酶(knmobilized papain onnylon,IPN)的实验中,当每块尼龙布(3 cm×3 cm)给酶量为1 mg时,酶活性为35.6 U,酶活力回收为19.2%.木瓜蛋白酶(papain,PA)、IPSAC、IPN的最适pH分别为7.2、7.2和6.8.PA及IPSAC在70℃以下活性稳定;IPN在50℃以下活性稳定.IPSAC与IPN半衰期分别为59 d和66 d.     

氨基化二氧化硅颗粒固定木瓜蛋白酶研究

采用正硅酸乙酯与N-(β-氨乙基)氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷在油包水形成的微胶囊中同步水解的方法,一步法制备了氨基化的二氧化硅颗粒,得到的颗粒粒径在0.3～0.5μm之间,平均大小为0.37μm, 氨基含量和颗粒大小可控,氨基含量高达56mmol/g。此颗粒经戊二醛处理后,采用共价法固定木瓜蛋白酶,固定化最适pH6.5,最佳给酶量为15mg/g载体,固定化酶的最适反应温度为70℃,最适反应pH为6.5,固定化酶热稳定性,pH耐受性,贮存稳定性都明显高于游离酶,表明此颗粒可作为一种优良的酶固定化载体。     

Papain kinetics in the presence of a water-miscible organic solvent

The effects of various concentrations of a water-miscible organic solvent [a 7:3 (v/v) mixture of N, N dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide] on the kinetics of papain have been investigated. The parameters k(cat) and K(m) for the amidase and esterase activity of papain using N-alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) and N-alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) as substrates were determined. For both types of activity, k(cat) initially increased (up to about 15% solvent), and then decreased with increasing concentrations of organic solvent. In contrast, K(m) increased sharply with the organic solvent concentration. Active site titration at 0 and 50% solvent indicated no change in the amount of active enzyme. Fluorometric measurements of the emission spectrum of papain did not indicate any major conformational changes with increasing concentrations of organic solvent.     

Papain in organic solvents: determination of conditions suitable for biocatalysis and the effect on substrate specificity and inhibition

Synthesis of N-CBZ-(N-Carbobenzoxy)-1-amino-acid methyl esters from N-CBZ-amino acids and methanol has been used as an assay to examine the properties of papain in organic solvents containing small amounts of water. Papain is active in solvents ranging in polarity from acetonitrile to tetrachloromethane. The optimal activity in each solvent varied only about three to four fold, but the amount of added water required to achieve it varied from 4% (v/v) in acetonitrile to 0.05% (v/v) in tetrachloromethane. The enzyme was generally more stable in hydrophobic solvents and at lower water contents. The apparent K(m) value of CBZ-glycine was 26 times higher in acetonitrile than in toluene due to differential partitioning of the substrate between aqueous and organic phases. The substrate specificity of the enzyme was qualitatively little different from that in aqueous solution, with amino acid derivatives still the best substrates. Nitrile analogs of substrates inhibited the enzyme, as they do in aqueous solution, and inhibition by a variety of substituted aromatic hydrocarbons showed that the main specificity of papain for hydrophobic side chains at its S(2) subsite, was little affected. The results show that papain can catalyze reactions under a variety of conditions in organic solvents but its substrate specificity is little changed from that in aqueous media.     

有机溶剂对缢蛏碱性磷酸酯酶分子构象和催化活力的影响

本文初步研究了三种有机溶剂甲醇、二甲基甲酰胺、二氧六环对缢蛏碱性磷酸酯酶(ALP)分子构象和催化活力的影响。发现在有机溶剂作用下,ALP的荧光发射光谱、紫外差光谱、园二色光谱都发生了显著的变化,而酶经甲醇、二甲基甲酰胺预处理后酶活力提高,经二氧六环预处理后活力下降,但当测活体系中有三种有机溶剂存在时,酶的活力却被大大抑制。     

汞离子对木瓜蛋白酶结构的影响及抑制机理的研究

通过荧光光谱、紫外光谱、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和远紫外圆二色光谱(Far-UV CD)对重金属Hg²⁺作用下木瓜蛋白酶的结构变化进行了定性定量的表征,探索Hg²⁺对木瓜蛋白酶变性的抑制机理。结果表明:Hg²⁺是木瓜蛋白酶的强抑制剂,10^－4mol/L的HgCl₂可使木瓜蛋白酶丧失90%的活性;随着金属Hg²⁺浓度的增加,蛋白质所处的微环境和二级结构发生了明显的改变,(α螺旋＋β折叠)结构总量减少,无规则卷曲含量增多,酶的二级结构由规则有序转向无序。     

环氧基高分子磁性复合微球固定化木瓜蛋白酶的研究

研究以甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯(GMA)为单体,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EDMA)为交联剂,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为分散剂,在Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子存在的条件下,合成了交联度为25%的磁性高分子复合微球(GMAE-DMA).并以这种微球为载体,进行了对木瓜蛋白酶的固定化研究.探讨了最佳的固定化条件如下:温度为25℃,反应时间20h,pH值为8.5,给酶量为160mg/g.同时以酪蛋白为底物,研究了固定化酶的酶学性质,结果表明:固定化酶对不同pH值环境的耐受力、热稳定性和操作稳定性都有较大幅度的提高.实验证明这种高分子磁性复合微球是一种优良的固定化酶载体.     

Acyl Migration in 1,2-Dibutyrin Dependence on Solvent and Water Activity

The rate of isomerization of 1,2-dibutyrin has been examined as a function of solvent, water activity, enzyme and the presence of hexanoic acid. The rate of acyl migration was found to be solvent dependent. Decreasing solvent polarity gave increasing rate. Addition of water to the most nonpolar solvent used, hexane, led to a decrease which followed the water activity. When solid salt hydrates were included in the reaction mixture, some led to no migration. When yeast alcohol dehydrogenase, lysozyme, lipase from Geotrichum candidum or hexanoic acid were present, the migration rate increased with increasing water activity.