噬菌体展示技术的原理和方法

噬菌体展示(Phage display)最早是由George开始于 1 985年1.最先构建的噬菌体多肽或抗体展示文库则始于 1990年2,3.由此,噬菌体展示技术进入了一个飞速发展的时期。噬菌体展示的基本概念是将外源蛋白质或多肽的基因表达产物与噬菌体衣壳蛋白融合,并在其表面展示,同时将其遗传密码信息整合到个体噬菌体的基因组中。这个技术的最大优点是直接将可现的表达型与其基因型联系在一起,再利用其配体的特异性亲和力,将所感兴趣的蛋白质或多肽挑选出来。       

噬菌体表面表达抗汉坦病毒衣壳蛋白单链抗体的研究

噬菌体展示表达(Phage display expression)的主要特点是将特定分子的基因型和表型统一 在同一噬菌体颗粒内,其基因组中含有表达蛋白基因,在噬菌体表面进行特定的表达.该技 术为研制工程抗体提供一新的途径,在九十年代逐渐被人们认识并得到极其广泛的应用 [1,2].噬菌体表面表达技术适于表达Fv和Fab分子片段,当表达的抗体基因与噬菌 体外壳蛋白基因Ⅲ融合时,在噬菌体颗粒表面呈现单价表达,与噬菌体外壳蛋白基因Ⅷ融合时,呈现多价表达.     

噬菌体表面呈现技术在肿瘤中的应用

噬菌体表面呈现技术（Phage display technology)是近年来发展起来的新兴技术,目前将噬菌体表面呈现技术用于肿瘤,在肿瘤治疗方面取得了很大的进展,本文就噬菌体表面呈现技术在肿瘤研究中的应用与前景加以综述。     

T4噬菌体表面展示技术的研究进展

噬菌体表面展示技术(phage display)是由Smith于1985年首先建立起来的一种新的生物技术[1],它能将表达的外源多肽或蛋白以融合蛋白的形式展示在噬菌体的表面,保持相对独立的空间构象和原有的生物活性[2].常用的噬菌体表面展示系统主要有丝状噬菌体、λ噬菌体及T4噬菌体展示系统等.虽然它们都具有噬菌体展示系统的优点,但对于丝状噬菌体来说,它不能展示那些难以分泌的肽和蛋白质,而且它的N端可融合外源多肽的容量有限,较大蛋白的融合会造成空间障碍,影响噬菌体的装配,使其失去感染力.而对于λ噬菌体,大分子蛋白的融合会抑制噬菌体的组装,使其生长受到影响,因此这两种噬菌体更适用于构建短肽库和cDNA表达文库[3],而不适于构建重组疫苗和表达分子量大具有完整结构域的蛋白质[4,5].     

噬菌体肽库技术

80年代中期,George P.Smith在前人对丝状噬菌体分子生物学研究的基础上首先提出了噬菌体展示技术(Phage Display),其核心就是将蛋白质分子的表型和基因型巧妙地结合于丝状噬菌体这样一个便于对其进行一系列生化和遗传操作的载体上,从而大大简化了蛋白质分子表达库的筛选和鉴定。基于这一优点,噬菌     

辅助噬菌体在噬菌体展示中的应用及研究进展

噬菌体展示技术是一种将外源肽或蛋白质与特定噬菌体衣壳蛋白相融合,展示于噬菌体表面来构建蛋白质或多肽文库,并从中筛选目的蛋白、多肽或抗体的基因工程高新技术。噬菌粒/辅助噬菌体系统是最常用的噬菌体展示系统,此系统中辅助噬菌体对噬菌粒的复制和组装发挥着至关重要的作用。本文结合当今该领域的最新研究动态,概述了噬菌粒和辅助噬菌体双基因组系统,着重介绍了不同辅助噬菌体的特点及其突变机制,并对其应用前景进行了展望,以期为该技术的进一步完善提供一定的借鉴作用。     

噬菌体表面展示技术

噬菌体展示技术(PhageDisplayTechniques,PDT)是一种用于筛选和改造功能性多肽的生物技术。自问世以来,它已被广泛应用于生命科学的许多领域。对噬菌体展示技术的基本原理、噬菌体表面展示系统研究以及噬菌体展示技术的应用、展望等进行了探讨,由此可以看出:噬菌体展示技术的进一步发展,必将为生命科学及相关学科的发展带来深远的影响。     

噬菌体展示肽在血管导向治疗方面的应用

介绍了一种利用噬菌体肽库的新技术－体内噬菌体展示（n vivo phage display)。这项技术是在活的动物体内进行的肽库筛选。将肽库通过静脉注射到动物体内,因为血管分子内皮的异质性,噬菌体可以选择性地导向不同组织,这样就可以筛到与特定组织特异结合的噬菌体展示肽。动物实验表明,前凋亡小肽和细胞毒素与导各肽偶联后 治疗效果。这项技术应用于临床,一定有助于肿瘤等疾病的导向治疗和造影技术的发展。     

噬菌体展示系统及筛选技术研究进展

噬菌体展示技术是（Phage Display Techniques,PDT）一种将外源肽或蛋白基因与噬菌体特定蛋白基因在其表面进行融合表达的新技术。该技术已在生命科学的各个领域得到广泛应用,近几年,在展示系统及筛选方法这两个关键环节上有了长足进展,就这两方面做一综述。     

细菌病毒--噬菌体的应用概况

噬菌体是细菌病毒 ,它分裂细菌细胞可获取胞内物质 ,可改造做基因工程载体 ;噬菌体表面展示技术广泛应用于疾病诊断、特异性抗体及蛋白药物生产等。噬菌体双报告基因的插入在研究蛋白质功能方面显示了广阔的应用前景     

Identification of C10 biotinylated camptothecin (CPT-10-B) binding peptides using T7 phage display screen on a QCM device

A peptide sequence that can bind to camptothecin (CPT), a natural cytotoxic compound, was screened for using a T7 phage display system combined with a cuvette type quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) device. In this screen, after only 10 min of monitoring of the interaction between injected T7 phage pool with immobilized C10 biotinylated CPT (CPT-10-B) on a gold electrode surface, six different kinds of phage (A–F) were identified as judged by the size of PCR product on agarose gel electrophoresis. Injection of each single phage (A–E) pool individually caused a frequency decrease, suggesting interaction with the immobilized CPT-10-B. In addition, the peptide sequence displayed on phages A–C is consistent with chemical and biological studies of the interaction of CPTs with topoisomerase I (TopI), human E prostanoid receptor third cytoplasmic polypeptide, and a series of esterases. The efficacy of T7 phage display screening for small molecules on QCM devices, target discovery from primary peptide sequence, and application of this strategy to various drug-like small molecules are discussed.     

Citrulline-modified phage display: a novel high-throughput discovery approach for the identification of citrulline-containing ligands

Phage display is a high-throughput technology used to identify ligands for a given target. A drawback of the approach is the absence of PTMs in phage-displayed peptides. The applicability of phage display could be broadened considerably by the implementation of PTMs in this system. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible application of citrullination, a PTM of an arginine into a citrulline amino acid, in filamentous (M13) and lytic (T7) phage display. After in vitro citrullination of T7 and M13 phages, citrullination was confirmed and the infectivity of both citrullinated and non-citrullinated phage was compared by titer determination. We demonstrated the successful in vitro citrullination of T7 and M13 phage-displayed peptides. This in vitro modification did not affect the viability or infectivity of the T7 virions, a necessary prerequisite for the implementation of this approach in T7 phage display. For M13 phage, however, the infecting phage titer decreased five-fold upon citrullination, limiting the use of this modification in M13 phage display. In conclusion, in vitro citrullination can be applied in T7 phage display giving rise to a high-throughput and sensitive approach to identify citrulline-containing ligands by the use of the strengths of phage display technology.     

Morphological and genetic analysis of three bacteriophages of Serratia marcescens isolated from environmental water

Increases in multidrug-resistant strains of Serratia marcescens are of great concern in pediatrics, especially in neonatal intensive care units. In the search for bacteriophages to control infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant S. marcescens , three phages (KSP20, KSP90, and KSP100) were isolated from environmental water and were characterized morphologically and genetically. KSP20 and KSP90 belonged to morphotype A1 of the family Myoviridae , and KSP100 belonged to morphotype C3 of the family Podoviridae . Analysis of the DNA region coding virion proteins, together with their morphological features, indicated that KSP20, KSP90, and KSP100 were related to the P2-like phage (temperate), T4-type phage (virulent), and phiEco32 phage (virulent), respectively. Based on amino acid sequences of the major capsid protein, KSP90 formed a new branch with a Stenotrophomonas maltophilia phage, Smp14, in the T4-type phage phylogeny. Both Smp14 and phiEco32 have been reported as potential therapeutic phages. These results suggest that KSP90 and KSP100 may be candidate therapeutic phages to control S. marcescens infection.     

重组T4噬菌体gp37基因可扩大其在沙门氏菌中的宿主范围

[目的]将T4噬菌体WG01宿主决定区的gp37基因片段,与另一株T4噬菌体QL01的相应基因进行同源重组,从而获得嵌合噬菌体并进行宿主谱分析,为阐明T4噬菌体的宿主谱形成机制以及快速筛选针对特定病原菌的噬菌体奠定了基础。[方法]通过同源重组的方法将WG01 gp37上的8个基因片段分别替换给QL01,用沙门氏菌作为宿主菌筛选嵌合噬菌体,并对嵌合噬菌体进行宿主谱、最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线和遗传稳定性测定。[结果]本研究共获得了5株嵌合噬菌体(QWA、QWC、QWF、QWG、QWFG)。宿主谱试验结果表明,与噬菌体QL01相比,嵌合噬菌体对21株沙门宿主菌分别可以多裂解7、8、4、10和9株菌,即嵌合噬菌体都获得了相对较宽的宿主谱,其中QWG的沙门氏菌宿主菌拓宽最多。生物学特性试验结果表明,嵌合噬菌体QWG生物学特性稳定。嵌合噬菌体QWG经连续传代培养20代,测序分析第1代和第20代嵌合噬菌体尾丝蛋白基因在传代过程中的稳定性,测序结果表明,嵌合噬菌体改造部分的基因能稳定遗传。[结论]用基因改造的方法可以产生宿主谱拓宽且能稳定遗传的嵌合噬菌体,为快速筛选针对特定病原菌的噬菌体提供了可能。     

利用丝状噬菌体展示技术进行抗原决定族图谱及其基因工程的研究

噬茵体展示是90年代初发展起来的一种新型表达技术。其主要特点是得到表达的蛋白或肽段能够被展示在病毒粒子的表面,从而使得大规模的专一性选择成为可能。目前此技术已被广泛用于生命科学研究的不同领域。比较突出的有抗体工程的研究,随机抗原决定族库的研究．以及随机肽在新药开发中的研究。本文将集中回顾一下噬菌体展示技术在抗原决定族定位研究中的应用,及其在新型诊断试剂和疫苗开发中的潜在前景。     

Genomic characterization of four novel bacteriophages infecting the clinical pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae

Bacteriophages are an invaluable source of novel genetic diversity. Sequencing of phage genomes can reveal new proteins with potential uses as biotechnological and medical tools, and help unravel the diversity of biological mechanisms employed by phages to take over the host during viral infection. Aiming to expand the available collection of phage genomes, we have isolated, sequenced, and assembled the genome sequences of four phages that infect the clinical pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae: vB_KpnP_FBKp16, vB_KpnP_FBKp27, vB_KpnM_FBKp34, and Jumbo phage vB_KpnM_FBKp24. The four phages show very low (0–13%) identity to genomic phage sequences deposited in the GenBank database. Three of the four phages encode tRNAs and have a GC content very dissimilar to that of the host. Importantly, the genome sequences of the phages reveal potentially novel DNA packaging mechanisms as well as distinct clades of tubulin spindle and nucleus shell proteins that some phages use to compartmentalize viral replication. Overall, this study contributes to uncovering previously unknown virus diversity, and provides novel candidates for phage therapy applications against antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae infections.     

A CRISPR-Cas9 tool to explore the genetics of Bacillus subtilis phages

Here, we present pRH030, a new CRISPR-Cas9 tool for the genetic engineering of Bacillus phages and beyond. It is based on the Streptococcus pyogenes cas9 with its native constitutive promoter, tracrRNA, and a gRNA precursor. The constitutive expression of Cas9 was conducive to the inactivation of viral attackers and enhanced phage mutagenesis efficiency up to 100%. The gRNA precursor can be built up to an artificial CRISPR array with up to 5 spacers (target sequences) assembled from ordinary oligonucleotides and directly cloned into pRH030. Required time and resources remain comparable to a single gRNA cloning. These properties make pRH030 an attractive new system for the modification of Bacillus phages and qualify it for research beyond genetic construction.     

基因工程抗体中噬菌体抗体库技术的应用

通过基因工程可以大规模地制备能与人相容的单克隆抗体或片段。其中,噬菌体抗体抗库技术可以模拟体内抗体产生和成熟过程,不经细胞杂交,甚至不经免疫制备针对任何抗原的单克隆抗体。就基因工程抗体及噬菌抗体库技术的发展与应用作一概述 。     

驯化噬菌体提高噬菌体对碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯菌的杀菌能力

【目的】本研究旨在通过驯化提高噬菌体的裂解能力并降低其宿主菌耐受性产生的速度,从而提高对重要病原菌-碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯菌(carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, CRKp)的杀菌效果。【方法】以临床CRKp菌株Kp2092为宿主菌,利用双层琼脂平板法从污水中分离噬菌体并分析其裂解谱;对其中的广谱强裂解性噬菌体通过透射电镜观察其形态特征并进行全基因组测序;通过噬菌体-宿主连续培养进行噬菌体驯化,并比较驯化前后噬菌体生物学特性的差异。【结果】分离得到的9株肺炎克雷伯菌噬菌体中,噬菌体P55anc裂解能力强且裂解谱广,透射电镜观察发现其为短尾噬菌体。P55anc基因组全长40 301 bp,包含51个编码序列,其中27个具有已知功能,主要涉及核酸代谢、噬菌体结构蛋白、DNA包装和细胞裂解等。噬菌体P55anc经9 d的驯化后,得到3株驯化噬菌体。驯化后噬菌体杀菌能力增强,主要表现为细菌生长曲线显著下降、噬菌体暴发量增多、裂解谱扩大,且宿主菌对其产生抗性的概率显著降低。与此同时,驯化后的噬菌体在热处理、紫外暴露以及血清等环境下保持较好的稳定性。【结论】利用噬菌体-宿主连续培养的方法可对噬菌体进行驯化和筛选,驯化后的噬菌体杀菌效果更强,且在不同压力处理下的稳定性良好,而细菌产生噬菌体抗性的概率也降低。