果蝇Domeless蛋白的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备研究

在果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)的研究中发现Domeless接受器参与发育期间的JAK/STAT信号调节,在心脏疾病的发生机制中发挥重要作用.为了克隆Domeless,我们利用生物信息学选择果蝇Domeless基因抗原亲水区,将扩增出的PCR片段克隆到原核表达pET-28a载体中,转入E.coli(Escherichia coli)中后通过IPTG(Isopropylβ-D-thiogalactoside)诱导融合蛋白表达,Ni-IDA凝胶柱亲和纯化,纯化后的His-Domeless融合蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体.用Western blot检测抗体的效价和特异性.获得了Domeless原核表达重组融合蛋白以及高效价的、特异性兔抗Domeless多克隆抗体,为后续Domeless功能研究奠定了基础.     

果蝇odd蛋白的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备研究

odd是一个新发现的心脏特异表达基因。为了进一步研究odd在心脏发育中的功能,根据已报道的odd基因序列,以果蝇cDNA文库为模板进行PCR扩增,将所得的odd部分编码区序列连接到pET-28a载体上构建原核表达载体;重组子经酶切测序鉴定后,转化到大肠杆菌BL21菌株,IPTG诱导融合蛋白表达,Ni-IDA凝胶柱亲和纯化,纯化后的His-odd融合蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔以制备多克隆抗体,Western Blot检测抗体活性。结果表明,获得了odd原核表达重组融合蛋白以及高效价的、特异性兔抗Odd多克隆抗体,为后续的odd功能研究奠定了基础。     

抗果蝇Dxl6蛋白抗体的制备及特异性分析

为了研究果蝇中SR蛋白家族新成员Dxl6的功能,通过RT-PCR得到Dxl6的全长cDNA,并根据Dxl6基因产物的功能区,分别将Dxl6中间区域（Dxl6 middle part, Dxl6MP）、Dxl6 C末端RS结构域（Dxl6 RS domain, Dxl6RSD）序列亚克隆至pGEX-4T-1(His)6C 及pET32a 表达载体中,表达和纯化获得融合蛋白。用纯化的融合蛋白GST-Dxl6RSD-His和GST-Dxl6MP-His免疫家兔,分别得到抗Dxl6RSD和抗Dxl6MP两种抗体。WESTERN BLOT结果显示两种抗体能特异地识别在原核表达系统内表达的抗原,抗Dxl6RSD的抗体对果蝇组织中的Dxl6具有较高的特异性。Abstract: In order to study the function of Dxl6 which is a novel member of SR protein family, its cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR, and the sequences of its RS domain and its middle part were subcloned into two fusion express vectors, pGEX-4T-1His（6）C and pET32a. After expressing in E.coli BL21, the truncated proteins of Dxl6 RS domain part and Dxl6 middle part in pGEX-4T-1His（6）C were purified and used to immunize rabbits. Purified antibodies against the RS domain and Dxl6 middle part were obtained by affinity chromatography with the expressed products of Dxl6 RS domain part and Dxl6 middle part in pET32a, respectively. The result shows the antibody against Dxl6 RS domain has a good specificity to Dxl6 in Drosophila larvae by Western blot analysis.     

GGNBP1抗体制备及小鼠组织表达谱分析

体外实验研究表明配子生成素结合蛋白1(GGNBP1)可能与GGN1相互作用形成睾丸特异性复合物,在精子生成过程中发挥作用.从小鼠睾丸总RNA中反转录扩增Ggnbpl全长cDNA,构建表达质粒,在大肠杆菌中表达GGNBP1,经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶纯化后免疫新西兰白兔,制备兔多抗血清.镍离子金属螯合柱纯化表达的GGNBP1蛋白,与NHS活化基团交联,制备GGNBP1抗体亲和层析柱,纯化GGNBP1多抗.在293FT细胞中瞬时表达Myc-GGNBP1融合蛋白,用于Mvc单抗验证GGNBP1抗体特异性,结果证明获得了特异性的GGNBP1抗体.分别制备小鼠脑、心、肺、肝、脾、肾、肌肉、卵巢、睾丸和子宫组织匀浆,用GGNBP1抗体进行Western印迹分析,结果仅在睾丸组织匀浆中检测到GGNBP1特异性条带,证明GGNBP1是睾丸特异性表达蛋白.     

果蝇中Ecp蛋白的表达、纯化与抗体制备

获得特异性抗Ecp多克隆抗体,为进一步研究ecp的功能奠定基础。利用特异引物,通过RT-PCR扩增出编码Ecp蛋白的全长cDNA,克隆至谷胱甘肽S转移酶融合蛋白表达载体pGEX-4T-1(His)6C中,转染大肠杆菌DH 5α,经诱导表达后,利用谷胱甘肽琼脂糖珠从细胞裂解物中特异吸附融合蛋白,经凝血酶裂解,释放出Ecp蛋白,再经Ni-NTA亲和层析,最终获得高纯度的Ecp蛋白。用纯化的Ecp蛋白免疫新西兰家兔,亲和层析纯化抗Ecp抗体。利用该抗体进行的Western Blot结果表明：Ecp蛋白在野生型黑腹果蝇胚胎、三龄幼虫神经系统、成虫、成虫头部组织中均有明显表达,提示ecp可能是一个重要的管家基因。     

SDHB蛋白的表达、纯化及多克隆抗体制备

SDHB(succinate dehydrogenage complex,subunit B)基因可能介导呼吸链生物功能和调控细胞生长.采用PCR技术扩增出SDHB基因,并将其连接到pGEX-4T-1原核表达载体中,经酶切及测序鉴定后,转化BL21细菌,并用IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白,谷胱甘肽琼脂糖珠亲和纯化,将纯化的融合蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体,并用Western blot检测抗体.获得了SDHB原核表达重组融合蛋白及高效价的特异性兔抗SDHB多克隆抗体,为SDHB进一步的功能研究奠定了基础.     

果蝇心脏发育标记基因Kruppel的多克隆抗体制备

Kruppel在果蝇发育过程中起着重要的调控作用。为了进一步研究Kruppel的功能,需要制备Kruppel蛋白及其抗体.对已有的Kruppel序列进行分析,选取适当区域进行引物设计,从果蝇心脏cDNA文库中PCR扩增得到Kruppel部分编码区序列,并其连接到pET-28a载体上。将重组质粒（pET-28a-Kruppel）转化rosetta受体菌,通过IPTG（Isopropylβ-D-thiogalactoside）诱导表达融合蛋白,用镍柱进行亲和纯化。将纯化得到的融合蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体,并用Western blot检测抗体的效价。     

沙门菌外膜蛋白D的原核表达及多克隆抗体制备

目的:在大肠杆菌中表达沙门菌外膜蛋白(OMP)D,纯化后制备兔抗OMPD抗体。方法:用PCR方法从鼠伤寒沙门菌中扩增出ompD基因,并插入融合表达载体pET-28a(+)的多克隆位点,构建重组表达质粒pET28a(+)-ompD;以重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),筛选阳性重组菌株,经IPTG诱导目的蛋白表达,在变性条件下对目的蛋白进行亲和层析纯化;以表达的OMPD蛋白免疫家兔,制备抗OMPD的多克隆抗体并进行鉴定。结果:扩增了ompD基因,测序证实正确后亚克隆于表达载体pET-28a(+)中,经PCR筛选和酶切鉴定获得阳性克隆,经诱导在大肠杆菌中表达出相对分子质量为40×103的目的蛋白并进行纯化;纯化的OMPD免疫家兔后,能有效地刺激特异性抗体的产生,抗血清的效价达到1∶10000以上,且具有良好的特异性。结论:构建ompD基因的原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达;制备出兔抗OMPD抗体,效价及特异性均良好,为进一步制备肠黏膜高亲和力疫苗奠定了基础。     

发菜NdhK的抗体制备与蛋白表达

发菜是一种陆生蓝藻,分布于一些干旱和半干旱区域。其NADPH脱氢酶(NDH-1)是一种重要的光合膜蛋白复合体,参与CO₂吸收、围绕光系统Ⅰ的循环电子传递和细胞呼吸。为研究该物种中ndhK基因的功能,本研究利用特异性引物,通过PCR方法从发菜中扩增ndhK基因并克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a上,得到表达载体pET-32a-ndhK,将其转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达,得到分子量大小为43 kDa的融合蛋白NdhK。随后,采用亲和层析,对融合蛋白进行纯化回收,并以此回收蛋白作为抗原进行免疫,制备NdhK的多克隆抗体。最后,利用Western blot蛋白免疫印迹对所得抗体的特异性进行验证。从而为进一步探索发菜ndhK基因的功能以及发菜中NDH-1复合体各亚基的作用进行前期准备。     

果蝇心脏发育标记基因lbe的多克隆抗体制备

lbe是已经证明的心脏标记基因。为了深入研究lbe在心脏发育中的功能,需要获得lbe蛋白并制备其抗体。首先提取野生型成体果蝇的总RNA,反转录获得其cDNA文库,通过PCR克隆出lbe编码区序列,将其连接到pET-28a原核表达载体上。经酶切及测序鉴定后,质粒构建成功。将重组质粒（pET-28a-lbe）转化大肠杆菌菌株Rosseta,用IPTG诱导表达出融合蛋白,经Ni-IDA凝胶柱纯化后,最后将纯化的融合蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备lbe多克隆抗体,并用Western blotting检测抗体的效价和特异性。结果显示获得了lbe原核表达重组融合蛋白及高效价的特异性兔抗lbe多克隆抗体,为lbe功能的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

DNA methylation regulates tissue-specific expression of Shank3

Tissue-specific gene expression can be controlled by epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation. SHANK3, together with its homologues SHANK1 and SHANK2, has a central functional and structural role in excitatory synapses and is involved in the human chromosome 22q13 deletion syndrome. In this report, we show by DNA methylation analysis in lymphocytes, brain cortex, cerebellum and heart that the three SHANK genes possess several methylated CpG boxes, but only SHANK3 CpG islands are highly methylated in tissues where protein expression is low or absent and unmethylated where expression is present. SHANK3 protein expression is significantly reduced in hippocampal neurons after treatment with methionine, while HeLa cells become able to express SHANK3 after treatment with 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Altogether, these data suggest the existence of a specific epigenetic control mechanism regulating SHANK3, but not SHANK1 and SHANK2, expression.     

AtHVA22 gene family in Arabidopsis: phylogenetic relationship,ABA and stress regulation,and tissue-specific expression

HVA22 is an ABA- and stress-inducible gene first isolated from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Homologues of HVA22 have been found in plants, animals, fungi and protozoa, but not in prokaryotes, suggesting that HVA22 plays a unique role in eukaryotes. Five HVA22 homologues, designated AtHVA22a, b, c, d and e, have been identified in Arabidopsis. These five AtHVA22 homologues can be separated into two subfamilies, with AtHVA22a, b and c grouped in one subfamily and AtHVA22d and e in the other. Phylogenetic analyses show that AtHVA22d and e are closer to barley HVA22 than to AtHVA22a, bandc, suggesting that the two subfamilies had diverged before the divergence of monocots and dicots. The distribution and size of exons of AtHVA22 homologues and barley HVA22 are similar, suggesting that these genes are descendents of a common ancestor. AtHVA22 homologues are differentially regulated by ABA, cold, dehydration and salt stresses. These four treatments enhance AtHVA22a, d and e expression, but have little or even suppressive effect on AtHVA22c expression. ABA and salt stress induce AtHVA22b expression, but cold stress suppresses ABA induction of this gene. Expression of AtHVA22d is the most tightly regulated by these four treatments among the five homologues. In general, AtHVA22 homologues are expressed at a higher level in flower buds and inflorescence stems than in rosette and cauline leaves. The expression level of these homologues in immature siliques is the lowest among all tissues analyzed. It is suggested that some of these AtHVA22 family members may play a role in stress tolerance, and others are involved in plant reproductive development.     

Pretaporter,a Drosophila protein serving as a ligand for Draper in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells

Phagocytic removal of cells undergoing apoptosis is necessary for animal development and tissue homeostasis. Draper, a homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans phagocytosis receptor CED‐1, is responsible for the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in Drosophila, but its ligand presumably present on apoptotic cells remains unknown. An endoplasmic reticulum protein that binds to the extracellular region of Draper was isolated. Loss of this protein, which we name Pretaporter, led to a reduced level of apoptotic cell clearance in embryos, and the overexpression of pretaporter in the mutant flies rescued this defect. Results from genetic analyses suggested that Pretaporter functionally interacts with Draper and the corresponding signal mediators. Pretaporter was exposed at the cell surface after the induction of apoptosis, and cells artificially expressing Pretaporter at their surface became susceptible to Draper‐mediated phagocytosis. Finally, the incubation with Pretaporter augmented the tyrosine‐phosphorylation of Draper in phagocytic cells. These results collectively suggest that Pretaporter relocates from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface during apoptosis to serve as a ligand for Draper in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells.     

Isolation of silencer-containing sequences causing a tissue-specific position effect on alcohol dehydrogenase expression in Drosophila melanogaster

A transient expression assay has been used to investigate the cause of a tissuespecific position effect on Adh expression from a transgene insertion in Drosophila. A 15.4-kb genomic clone containing the 3.2-kb Adh insert along with flanking regions of genomic DNA is expressed in this assay in a tissue-specific pattern resembling the abnormal expression pattern of the position effect. The 3.2-kb Adh insert is expressed normally without the flanking sequences. A silencer element is located upstream of the Adh gene within a 2-kb fragment that acts in both orientations and at a distance of at least 6.5 kb from the larval Adh promoter to suppress ADH expression in a nontissue specific fashion. The DNA sequence of the 2-kb fragment indicates that it is a noncoding region. A 17-bp sequence is repeated within this region and may be associated with the silencer activity, since subclones from the 2-kb fragment, each containing one of the repeated regions, both retain full silencer activity. This silencer fails to suppress expression from an α₁-tubulin promoter-LacZ fusion construct or an hsp70 promoter-Ach fusion construct. In addition to the silencer, another element is located downstream of the Adh gene that produces a higher level of anterior than posterior midgut expression. These results suggest that the 5′ silencer and the 3′ element act together to create the tissue specific pcsition effect characteristic of the GC-1 line. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

桔小实蝇V-ATPase G亚基基因的克隆及组织表达特异性分析

空泡型ATP酶（vacuolar-type H⁺-ATPase, V-ATPase）作为质子泵几乎在所有的真核生物细胞中发挥重要作用。本研究利用RT-PCR和RACE技术获得了桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)V-ATPase G亚基序列全长, 命名为BdorATPG。测序结果表明, BdorATPG阅读框全长354 bp, 编码117个氨基酸。氨基酸序列比对表明, BdorATPG的N端序列与其他物种的ATPG亚基对应区域具有较高的序列一致性。BdorATPG与拟暗果蝇Drosophila pseudoobscura ATPG亚基的氨基酸序列一致性最高, 为88.9%。三维结构模建结果表明, BdorATPG N端（第1~59位氨基酸）序列为α-螺旋结构, 亲水性和疏水性氨基酸在螺旋两侧呈对称分布。BdorATPG在不同组织中的荧光定量PCR分析表明, BdorATPG在各组织中都有表达, 其中在触角中的表达量最高; 在雄虫生殖节中的表达量是雌虫中的6.04倍。结果提示BdorATPG可能在雄虫生殖生理过程中发挥重要作用。     

沙丁胺醇对黑腹果蝇基因组稳定性、细胞凋亡和蛋白表达的影响

【目的】已有研究表明,食用了饲喂以沙丁胺醇为主要成分的瘦肉精的动物肉类后,瘦肉精成分会在人体内富集,摄入过量沙丁胺醇会对生物体造成不良影响,但是,其具体毒性作用机理目前尚不明确。作为一种模式生物,黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster与哺乳动物的基因具有较高的同源性,且具有繁殖周期短、方便进行遗传操作等优势。因此,我们通过研究过量沙丁胺醇对黑腹果蝇基因组稳定性、细胞凋亡和蛋白表达的影响,来探究它对生物体毒性作用的机理。【方法】将野生型黑腹果蝇3龄幼虫用含沙丁胺醇（120 μg/mL）的饲料饲喂2 h后,对幼虫翅成虫盘进行H2Av抗体免疫染色。选取rpr-lacZ转基因黑腹果蝇1龄幼虫用含沙丁胺醇（40 和120 μg/mL）的饲料饲喂,对幼虫翅成虫盘进行lacZ活性测定。提取沙丁胺醇处理后的野生型3龄幼虫总蛋白,采用SDS-PAGE比较对照组和实验组蛋白表达的差异,并通过质谱分析差异蛋白的氨基酸序列。【结果】沙丁胺醇处理后,经免疫荧光染色发现野生型黑腹果蝇幼虫翅成虫盘部分细胞中组蛋白H2Av的量有显著增加。随着沙丁胺醇浓度的增加,转rpr-lacZ报告基因黑腹果蝇成虫盘细胞lacZ活性增强。采用SDS-PAGE和质谱分析表明,沙丁胺醇处理后黑腹果蝇肌动蛋白（Actin-87E）和异柠檬酸脱氢酶表达量上升。【结论】沙丁胺醇处理会引起黑腹果蝇细胞核DNA损伤,对基因稳定性有显著影响,并且会促进细胞凋亡和蛋白表达的改变。沙丁胺醇可能通过促进肌肉收缩和加速生物体能量代谢这两方面来减少脂肪积蓄。     

卡他莫拉菌UspA1蛋白多克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为制备抗卡他莫拉菌(Moraxella catarrhalis,Mc)表面蛋白UspA1胞外结构域的多克隆抗体(PcAb),对UspA1蛋白进行生物信息学分析,获取胞外结构域中抗原表位最为丰富的肽段,找到其对应的基因序列并引入大肠杆菌偏好性密码子,对其优化后化学合成全基因序列。将该基因序列按常规方法克隆入表达载体p ET-28a(+)后表达重组UspA1-His融合蛋白并纯化。以该纯化抗原免疫新西兰大白兔,经4次免疫后,用Protein A亲和层析柱从抗血清中纯化出抗UspA1-His融合蛋白PcAbIgG。经免疫荧光法、酶联免疫吸附法及Western blotting鉴定,抗UspA1-His融合蛋白PcAb能特异性识别UspA1蛋白的表面暴露区。该多抗的制备为下一步建立卡他莫拉菌快速检测技术奠定了基础。     

Developmental and tissue-specific control of catalase expression in Drosophila melanogaster: Correlations with rates of enzyme synthesis and degradation

The ontogenetic and tissue-specific expression of catalase (E.C. 1.11.1.6) has been determined in a wild type strain of Drosophila melanogaster derived from a natural population. Two distinct peaks of activity are observed during development with the first peak occurring in late third instar larvae just prior to puparium formation, and the second and larger of the two peaks occurring during metamorphosis. These peaks of catalase activity are coincident with the two major peaks of ecdysone titer. Of the tissues assayed, larval malpighian tubules, gut, and fat body demonstrated the highest specific activities. Adult abdomen exhibited a two- to three-fold higher specific activity than either head or thorax. Of the abdominal tissues assayed, malpighian tubules and abdominal wall had the highest specific activities. Malpighian tubules were the only sexually dimorphic tissue with respect to catalase activity and are apparently largely responsible for an overall increase observed in female abdominal activity. Catalase-specific CRM levels parallel the enzyme activity levels indicating that these tissue-specific activity differences reflect differences in the rate of accumulation of catalase molecules. Turnover studies employing the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole were conducted on head, thorax, and abdomen of male adult flies. Rates of catalase degradation were similar in the three body segments with a slightly higher rate in abdominal tissue. Therefore the different steady state levels observed largely reflect different rates of catalase synthesis.