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苏云金芽胞杆菌的活性成分主要是杀虫晶体蛋白(ICPs)。已经证明,大多数编码这些蛋白的基因定位于质粒上,在结构上总是与插入序列和转座子相联系。这些具有转座活性的流动因子参与了杀虫晶体蛋白基因的转移,在苏云金芽胞杆菌ICPs基因的变异性上起着极其重要的作用。本文系统介绍苏云金芽胞杆菌转座因子的分类及结构等研究进展,为有目的地利用转座因子提供参考。 相似文献
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Transposition Tn917 was introduced into Bacillus pumilus 289 by protoplast transformation with plasmid pTV32. The temperature-sensitive replication property of pTV32 was maintained in B. pumilus. Tn917 was transposed efficiently in B. pumilus with 4.8 x 10(-4) transposition rate. The yield of auxotrophs was about 0.65% in all insertional mutants. It indicated a prospects for the use of Tn917 as a tool for insertional mutagenesis and genetic manipulation in B. pumilus. 相似文献
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各种苏云金芽胞杆菌在杀虫毒力和杀虫谱上有很大差异。研究表明,这种特异性的杀虫毒力与存在于苏云金芽胞杆菌内的转座因子有密切关系,不同类型的转座因子其转座方式各异,总的来说可分为3种,即同源重组、转座重组和特异位点重组。这种转座过程的发生往往伴随着苏云金芽胞杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白的变异,这在基因工程菌的构建和杀虫多样性的研究上有着重要意义。 相似文献
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IS5376和IS5377是在嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(Bacilusstearothermophilus)中发现的两个转座因子。随机取样分析的结果说明,IS5376由CU21染色体向质粒pFDC5和pFDC12的转座受温度的影响,而IS5377则不。温度影响的原因还不清楚,从现有证据看来,这由IS5376本身的性质所决定。另外,测得IS5376的转座作用有一定程度的专一性,还测得转座后所造成的目标序列的顺向重复为4或5bp。 相似文献
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苏云金芽孢杆菌 (Bacillusthuringiensis,简称Bt)是目前世界上应用最广泛、最成功的微生物杀虫剂 ,也是公认的无公害生物农药。苏云金芽孢杆菌最主要的杀虫活性物质是杀虫晶体蛋白 (InsecticidalCrys talProteins,ICPs) ,包括晶体蛋白 (Cry)和Cyt蛋白 (Cyt)两大类。这两类蛋白在氨基酸序列及其基因同源性上相距甚远 ,但它们均能在靶标害虫中肠内被激活成毒素 ,并在昆虫中肠细胞膜上形成孔道 ,进而引起中肠细胞胶样渗透裂解 (colloid osmoticlysis) ,最… 相似文献
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苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫剂的剂型加工研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
理想的Bt杀虫剂应有良好的防腐剂以抑制自身和其它做生物的活动,有紫外线防护剂保护其田间药效,有表面活性剂使其能在作物表面展着,有诱食利促进昆虫食欲,有增效剂提高杀虫效率等。本文分析了Bt杀虫剂常用的液体剂型和固体剂型的加工技术及存在的问题,综述了苏云金芽孢杆菌的剂型近年来研究和开发的现状及进展概况。 相似文献
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为了探索ERIC-PCR技术在苏云金芽胞杆菌和蜡状芽胞杆菌的鉴定及分型中的应用价值,本研究采用PCR方法初步检测苏云金芽胞杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因的组成,并对苏云金芽胞杆菌和蜡状芽胞杆菌的总DNA进行ERIC-PCR扩增,分析ERIC-PCR指纹图谱的特点并采用NTSYS2.10软件对其进行聚类。结果显示,各菌株的ERIC指纹图谱表现出不同程度的多态性,但图谱与菌株所含cry基因的类型存在一定的相关性。聚类分析结果显示,含有相同或相近cry基因类型的Bt菌株在进化树上趋向聚为一类,而不含cry基因的蜡状芽胞杆菌趋向于与不含cry基因的Bt菌株聚为一类或单独聚类。若在多种模式菌株的参考下,该方法可用于苏云金芽胞杆菌的初步鉴定和分型。 相似文献
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Takeshi Honda Atsuko Shiba Shigeko Seo Junko Yamamoto Junko Matsuyama Toshio Miwatani 《FEMS microbiology letters》1991,79(2-3):205-210
A hemolysin (Bt-hemolysin) produced by Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 producing crystalline toxin(s) was purified by successive treatments of ammonium sulfate (45-65%) and column chromatography using DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-75 and KB-002 (a hydroxyapatite column for fast protein liquid chromatography). A hemolysin (Bc-hemolysin) produced by B. cereus HG-6A was also purified by the same procedure. The purified Bt-hemolysin and Bc-hemolysin, both of which are thiol-activated hemolysins, were biologically, physicochemically and immunologically identical. These findings provide further evidence of the similarity of B. thuringiensis, which is being used as a biological insecticide, to B. cereus, a toxigenic organism of food poisoning. 相似文献
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Fang Y Li Z Liu J Shu C Wang X Zhang X Yu X Zhao D Liu G Hu S Zhang J Al-Mssallem I Yu J 《遗传学报》2011,38(12):567-576
Bacillus thuringiensis (B.thuringiensis) is a soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium and its plasmid-encoded toxins (Cry) are commonly used as biological alternatives to pesticides.In a pangenomic study,we sequenced seven B.thuringiensis isolates in both high coverage and base quality using the next-generation sequencing platform.The B.thuringiensis pangenome was extrapolated to have 4196 core genes and an asymptotic value of 558 unique genes when a new genome is added.Compared to the pangenomes of its closely related species of the same genus,B.thuringiensis pangenome shows an open characteristic,similar to B.cereus but not to B.anthracis; the latter has a closed pangenome.We also found extensive divergence among the seven B.thuringiensis genome assemblies,which harbor ample repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).The identities among orthologous genes are greater than 84.5% and the hotspots for the genome variations were discovered in genomic regions of 2.3-2.8 Mb and 5.0-5.6 Mb.We concluded that high-coverage sequence assemblies from multiple strains,before all the gaps are closed,are very useful for pangenomic studies. 相似文献
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198 9年自云南昆明市石林的红棕壤中分离到数株苏云金芽孢杆菌 (Bacillusthuringien sis,Bt)菌株[1] ,对其中的一株YK30 0 4进行了生物学特性、杀虫特性研究及分类鉴定。1 材料与方法1.1 供鉴定的Bt菌株由云南昆明市石林的红棕壤中分离的苏云金芽孢杆菌YK30 0 4菌株。1.2 标准Bt菌株血清型H1 H4 1、H4 4 H55及H57 H69标准Bt菌株由法国巴斯德研究院DrLecadet提供 ,其余为本实验室保存。1.3 生物测定用昆虫小菜蛾 (Plutellaxylostella) 3龄幼虫 ;斜纹夜盗蛾 (Pr… 相似文献
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Transformation of Bacillus thuringiensis by electroporation 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Plasmids were transformed by electroporation into various strains of Bacillus thuringiensis with frequencies of up to 10(5) transformants/micrograms. pC 194 transformed all strains tested at a high frequency and cells could be stably transformed with pC194 and pUB110 simultaneously by electroporation with a frequency of 10(2) pC194+ pUB110 transformants/micrograms DNA. Low transformation frequencies observed with some plasmids, especially those grown initially in Escherichia coli, could be increased by passage through B. thuringiensis, B. thuringiensis var. israelensis and in acrystalliferous mutant of the same strain transformed at frequencies of 10(4)-10(5)/micrograms DNA with most of the plasmids tested. A cloned israelensis 27-kDa delta-endotoxin gene was introduced into the israelensis acrystalliferous mutant and a kurstaki acrystalliferous mutant by electroporation. Both transformants were shown to express the endotoxin gene and to be toxic to Aedes aegypti larvae. 相似文献
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苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)生物农药在全国乃至全世界都是被公认为最安全、最有效、工业化程度最高、最廉价因而也是应用范围最广、使用量最大的微生物杀虫剂,而中外专家和政府在设施害虫IPM计划和无公害农产品生产的推广杀虫剂首选就是Bt。因此,它在生物防治的作用和地位不可忽略。我国生产推广应用的Bt厂家一直对国内外Bt产品的应用状况十分关注。为此,本文就多年来国内Bt生产菌株及其防治对象,生产厂家及其生产能力、市场范围以及应用水平,存在问题以及发展前景等方面做综述。 相似文献
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产几丁质酶的苏云金杆菌菌株筛选及酶合成条件研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
从本室保存的 64株苏云金芽孢杆菌中 ,筛选出一株几丁质酶活力较高的菌株WB 50。产酶条件研究表明 :在pH 7.0的基础培养基中添加 2 .0 %的细粉几丁质 ,1.0 %的酵母膏 ,2 2 0rpm 30℃下培养 72小时 ,几丁质酶的产出最大。 相似文献