杆菌JSM1601发酵产核酸的研究

确定了杆菌（Brevibacterium ammoniagenes）JMS1601发酵产核酸的最佳发酵培养基：葡萄糖12％,酵母浸膏1．5％,磷酸二氢钾0．3％。最佳摇瓶培养条件：温度32℃,摇床转速160r／min,接种量（v／v）5％,装液量100ml／500ml。     

装液量和接种量对红发夫酵母生长和虾青素积累的影响

在摇瓶中研究了不同接种量和装液量对红发夫酵母PhaffiarhodozymaAs2 .15 5 7生长及虾青素积累的影响。结果表明在 5 0 0ml摇瓶中装液量为 5 0ml时对红发夫酵母生长及虾青素合成有利 ,接种量为 10 %有利于菌体生长和虾青素合成。     

重组人白细胞介素-11工程菌的发酵条件研究

为了探讨发酵条件对大肠杆菌表达人白细胞介素-11融合蛋白的影响,利用正交实验设计,对工程菌的生长条件和人白细胞介素-11融合蛋白表达进行优化。在摇瓶中研究了培养基中的葡萄糖、蛋白胨、酵母抽提物的浓度、pH及摇床转速、装液量、接种量等。确定了工程菌生长及表达的培养基和培养条件:葡萄糖10g/L,蛋白胨20g/L,酵母抽提物10g/L,pH7.5,接种量10%,装液量10%,摇床转速220r/min及诱导时间为4~5h。然后在BiofloⅢ-5L发酵罐中以优化的发酵条件进行了3批实验,结果表明:工程菌量达到55g/L(DCW),重组人白细胞介素-11融合蛋白表达量为33%左右,为进行中试研究奠定了理论基础。     

氧载体强化氧传递促进法夫酵母虾青素的合成

法夫酵母生物合成虾青素是强好氧发酵过程,溶氧水平直接影响细胞虾青素的产率。本文对虾青素的氧载体强化氧传递双液相发酵进行了研究。实验结果表明,添加豆油(作为氧载体)可提高法夫酵母发酵时的溶氧水平,促进虾青素的合成：添加豆油 0.5-5.0％ (w／v),虾青素产量随豆油添加量逐步提高,最高时达到 2.98mg/L,对照组虾青素产率为 2.50mg/L。并证明产量的提高是单位质量细胞的虾青素合成效率提高的结果。摇瓶培养时转速的高低不同,对豆油的最适添加量存在影响。较高摇瓶转速有利于豆油在培养基中分散,从而利于强化氧的传递。     

氧载体强化氧传递促进法夫酵母虾青素的合成*

法夫酵母生物合成虾青素是强好氧发酵过程,溶氧水平直接影响细胞虾青素的产率。本文对虾青素的氧载体强化氧传递双液相发酵进行了研究。实验结果表明,添加豆油(作为氧载体)可提高法夫酵母发酵时的溶氧水平,促进虾青素的合成:添加豆油 0.5-5.0%(w/v),虾青素产量随豆油添加量逐步提高,最高时达到2.98mg/L,对照组虾青素产率为2.50mg/L。并证明产量的提高是单位质量细胞的虾青素合成效率提高的结果。摇瓶培养时转速的高低不同,对豆油的最适添加量存在影响。较高摇瓶转速有利于豆油在培养基中分散,从而利于强化氧的传递。     

Streptomyces sp.FIM-16-06产他克莫司摇瓶发酵条件的优化

采用单因素试验和正交试验研究发酵培养基组成,优化Streptomyces sp. FIM-16-06产他克莫司的发酵条件,探讨摇瓶发酵的主要影响因子初始p H、装液量、转速等发酵参数的影响。确定了适宜的发酵培养基和发酵参数:6. 0%玉米淀粉、2. 0%黄豆粉、2. 0%葡萄糖和0. 5%玉米浆,初始pH 7. 5,装液量50 m L/500 m L三角瓶,种子菌龄48 h,接种量10%,摇床转速250 r/min,发酵温度27℃,发酵周期7 d。优化后的发酵水平较原生产工艺提高60%以上。他克莫司的优化发酵工艺为其工业化生产奠定了基础。     

一株法夫酵母虾青素高产菌株的生产性能

为了评价虾青素高产菌株-法夫酵母JMU-MVP14的生产性能及建立虾青素高产发酵技术,通过测定糖、生物量、虾青素产量、总类胡萝卜素产量等发酵参数,用摇瓶试验对比了法夫酵母JMU-MVP14和出发菌株的差异,用7 L罐试验对比了pH值调控方式及补料培养基成分对发酵的影响,用1 m3罐试验评估了法夫酵母JMU-MVP14高密度发酵虾青素的产量水平。摇瓶发酵结果表明,法夫酵母JMU-MVP14虾青素及总类胡萝卜素的细胞产率分别达到6.01 mg/g及10.38 mg/g;7 L罐分批发酵试验结果表明,自动流加调     

响应面法优化青枯病生防菌Hrp~-菌株的发酵条件

对工程菌Hrp-菌株的摇瓶发酵条件进行优化。首先采用Plackett-Burman设计法对影响Hrp-菌株活菌量的6个因素进行评价,筛选出具有显著效应的2个因素(发酵温度和摇床转速),再用最陡爬坡试验法接近重要因子的最优水平,最后应用中心组合设计确定重要因子的最优水平。确定优化后的发酵条件:初始pH 8.75、装液量为100 mL(500 mL三角瓶)、接种量6.25%、接种龄10 h、温度20℃、摇瓶转速205 r/min。实验结果表明:采用优化后的发酵条件,Hrp-菌株的发酵液菌量由最初的3.30×1010个/mL提高至4.42×1010个/mL,增幅为133.9%。     

海洋红酵母的液体培养

目的探讨提高海洋红酵母的液体高密度培养方法。方法在摇瓶培养条件下,测定温度、pH、装液量、接种量及摇床转速对海洋红酵母BY2菌株生长的影响,进一步放大培养至50L发酵罐,在培养过程流加氨水以控制pH稳定在5.3~5.5的条件下,考察不同葡萄糖浓度对海洋红酵母BY2菌株发酵菌量的影响。结果摇瓶最适培养条件为温度25℃,pH 5.5,接种量8%、装液量40mL/250mL三角瓶、摇床转速200r/min,在此培养条件下,24h时菌量达到8.9×108 CFU/mL;扩大至50L发酵罐,葡萄糖初始浓度为40、60、80、100g/L各罐20~24h时的菌量相应达到26.6×108、29.5×108、47.8×108、66.8×108 CFU/mL。结论提高初始葡萄糖浓度,流加氨水稳定发酵过程的pH,可以显著提高BY2菌株的发酵菌量。     

万古霉素产生菌发酵培养基及发酵条件的优化

通过单因素分析和正交试验,对万古霉素产生菌的发酵培养基和发酵条件进行了研究,确定最佳的发酵培养基配方为葡萄糖2.0%,淀粉3.0%,豆粕1.8%,大豆粉2.2%,氯化钠0.2%,碳酸钙0.2%,与原培养基配方相比,优化后万古霉素的摇瓶发酵效价提高了11.2%。同时优化了部分发酵条件,即二级种接种量为10%,溶氧为摇床转速220 r/min时250 mL摇瓶装液量为25 mL。将优化后的发酵工艺进罐验证,其保持了较高的适应性和连续性。     

高温湿热酸法破壁提取法夫酵母胞内虾青素

法夫酵母是一种能积累虾青素的红酵母, 对其进行破壁是当前虾青素工业化提取生产的瓶颈工艺。研究在高温湿热条件下,低浓度盐酸对法夫酵母破壁而提取其胞内虾青素的工艺。探讨了不同破壁温度、盐酸浓度、液料比与破壁处理时间等因素对法夫酵母破壁后虾青素及类胡萝卜素提取率的影响, 确定了高温湿热酸法破壁提取虾青素的最佳条件为: 饱和蒸汽压力 0.1 MPa (121°C), 盐酸浓度0.5 mol/L, 液料比 (V/W)30 mL/g, 破壁时间2 min。在最佳条件下进行中试放大实验, 可得到虾青素与类胡萝卜素的提取率分别为: (84.8±3.2)%, (93.3±2)%。经优化后的新破壁工艺安全高效, 不会有毒性残留, 具有良好的工业应用前景。     

法夫酵母分批发酵虾青素动力学研究

通过三联30L全自动发酵罐对虾青素产生菌法夫酵母的分批发酵动力学进行了研究,结果表明,法夫酵母的生长与限制性基质葡萄糖浓度之间符合Logistic方程,建立了细胞生长、产物合成和基质消耗随时间变化的数学模型。应用MATLAB软件对发酵动力学模型进行最优参数估计和非线性拟和,获得最大比生长速率（umax）和产物得率（Yp/x）分别为0.1829/h、0.1524g/g,虾青素分批发酵中细胞生长与产物合成属于偶联型,模型模拟计算结果和实验值能较好地吻合,动力学研究结果表明该模型能较好地反映细胞的生长、底物消耗和产物合成过程机制。     

Use of n-hexadecane as an oxygen vector to improve Phaffia rhodozyma growth and carotenoid production in shake-flask cultures

AIMS: To identify beneficial oxygen vectors for Phaffia rhodozyma in liquid cultures, and to evaluate their use to improve the oxygen transfer and carotenoid production in the yeast cultures. METHODS AND RESULTS: Several liquid hydrocarbons were tested as oxygen vectors for improving the yeast growth and carotenoid production in shake-flask cultures of P. rhodozyma. While all nontoxic organic liquids (Log P: > or =5.6) showed a positive effect, n-hexadecane was proved to be the most beneficial for the yeast growth and carotenoid production. The addition of 9% (v/v) n-hexadecane to the liquid medium at the time of inoculation was found to be optimal, increasing the carotenoid yield by 58% (14.5 mg l(-1) vs 9.2 g l(-1) in the control) and the oxygen transfer rate (OTR) by 90%. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of n-hexadecane to shake-flask cultures of P. rhodozyma significantly improved the oxygen transfer in culture, thus increasing the carotenoid production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Use of organic oxygen vectors such as n-hexadecane may be a simple and useful means for enhancing oxygen transfer and carotenoid production in liquid fermentation of P. rhodozyma.     

Optimization of Phaffia rhodozyma continuous culture through response surface methodology

Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the growth of the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma in continuous fermentation using peat hydrolysates as substrate. A second-order, complete, factorial design of the experiments was used to develop empirical models providing a quantitative interpretation of the relationships between the two variables studied, dilution rate and pH. Maximum biomass concentration in the fermentor was obtained by employing the following predicted optimum fermentation conditions: a dilution rate of 0.017/h and a pH level of 7.19. A verification experiment, conducted at previously optimized conditions for maximum biomass volumetric productivity (a dilution rate of 0.022/h, and a pH level of 6.90), produced values for biomass concentration, residual substrate concentration, biomass yield, and biomass volumetric productivity that were very close to the predicted values, indicating the reliability of the empirical model. The concentration of the pigment astaxanthin produced by the yeast under the optimized growth conditions was found to be 544 mg astaxanthin/kg dry cell biomass.     

烷化剂NTG诱变虾青素产生菌红法夫酵母的研究

虾青素是一种很有效的生物抗氧化剂和某些生物的天然着色剂,应用前景广阔。红法夫酵母是 生产虾青素的一个来源,优点颇多。天然菌株虾青素产量较少,缺少实用价值。实验采用烷化剂ＮＴＧ 诱变红法夫酵母,筛选出类胡萝卜素产量高的诱变株。用薄层层析对红法夫酵母产生的色素及其皂 化产物进行分析,并对各个成分的扫描光谱进行了比较。认为红法夫酵母产生的类胡萝卜素成分主 要是虾青素及虾青素二酯,还有一部分β－胡萝卜素。同时,还对虾青素产生的时相和ＢＨＴ对虾青素 光分解的保护作用进行了初步研究。     

Simple method for the isolation of astaxanthin from the basidiomycetous yeast Phaffia rhodozyma.

A method is described for the quantitative and, possibly, large-scale extraction of astaxanthin from the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma. The method utilizes extracellular enzymes produced by the bacterium Bacillus circulans WL-12, which partially digests the yeast cell wall and renders the carotenoid pigments extractable by acetone or ethanol. Complete recovery of astaxanthin from heat-killed P. rhodozyma cells was obtained after growing B. circulans WL-12 on these yeast cells for 26 h and then extracting the yeast-bacterium mixture with acetone. A bacteria-free lytic system, which gave quantitative extraction of astaxanthin from P. rhodozyma, was obtained by concentrating the culture broth from the growth of B. circulans WL-12 on P. rhodozyma cells. Hydrolytic enzyme activities detected in this concentrate included beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucanase, beta-(1 leads to 6)-glucanase, alpha-(1 leads to 3)-glucanase, xylanase, and chitinase. The lytic system was found to work most efficiently at pH 6.5 and with low concentrations of yeast.     

Simple method for the isolation of astaxanthin from the basidiomycetous yeast Phaffia rhodozyma.

A method is described for the quantitative and, possibly, large-scale extraction of astaxanthin from the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma. The method utilizes extracellular enzymes produced by the bacterium Bacillus circulans WL-12, which partially digests the yeast cell wall and renders the carotenoid pigments extractable by acetone or ethanol. Complete recovery of astaxanthin from heat-killed P. rhodozyma cells was obtained after growing B. circulans WL-12 on these yeast cells for 26 h and then extracting the yeast-bacterium mixture with acetone. A bacteria-free lytic system, which gave quantitative extraction of astaxanthin from P. rhodozyma, was obtained by concentrating the culture broth from the growth of B. circulans WL-12 on P. rhodozyma cells. Hydrolytic enzyme activities detected in this concentrate included beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucanase, beta-(1 leads to 6)-glucanase, alpha-(1 leads to 3)-glucanase, xylanase, and chitinase. The lytic system was found to work most efficiently at pH 6.5 and with low concentrations of yeast.     

法夫酵母PLX-All发酵纤维素酶水解物合成虾青素

法夫酵母（Phaffia rhodozyma)PLX-All菌株能够发酵纤维素酶水解物进行虾青素的生物合成。纤维素的酶解物主要为纤维二糖和葡萄糖,在另外添加适量其它营养物后可被法夫酵母发酵用于生长及合成虾青素。摇瓶试验结果表明,培养108h,法夫酵母的生物量可达2.3g／L,虾青素的产率达913.4g／g干细胞,虾青素体积产率为2.1mg／L。在2L罐的发酵试验中,法夫酵母的生物量可达3.23g／L（第96h）,虾青素的产率达581.4g／g干细胞,虾青素体积产率达1.88mg／L。     

法夫酵母产虾青素的反复分批及反复分批补料发酵

以生物量和虾青素产量为指标,考察法夫酵母多批次半连续培养产虾青素的稳定性。实验结果显示,在摇瓶上分别以4 d和5 d为周期反复分批培养法夫酵母,虾青素产量呈现先增加再下降的趋势,但第2代至第7代虾青素产量仍高于第1代,并且4 d为周期的虾青素平均产量略高于5 d的。在5 L罐法夫酵母进行反复分批补料发酵中,不管是补加30％的葡萄糖还是补加30％的淀粉水解糖,第2个批次发酵的生物量和虾青素产量均达到第1个批次的水平,表明菌种稳定性较好。