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1.
Independent component analysis (ICA) of 19-channel background EEG was performed in 111 patients with the early signs of depressive
disorders and in 526 healthy subjects. The power spectra of the independent components were compared in the depressive patients
and in healthy subjects at the eyes closed and eyes opened states. Statistically significant differences between the groups were detected in three frequency bands: θ (4–7.5 Hz), α
(7.5–14 Hz), and β (14–20 Hz). Increased θ and α activities in parietal and occipital derivations of depressive patients may
have been caused by a reduced cortical activity in the projection of these derivation. Diffuse enhancement of the β activity
may be correlated with anxiety symptoms that are pronounced in the clinical picture of depressive disorders at early stages
of the disease. ICA used to compare quantitative EEG parameters in different groups of patients and in healthy persons makes
it possible to localize the differences more accurately than the traditional analysis of EEG spectra. 相似文献
2.
G. van Luijtelaar S. Lyashenko R. Vastyanov G. Verbeek A. Oleinik C. van Rijn G. Volokhova A. Shandra A. Coenen L. Godlevsky 《Neurophysiology》2012,43(6):478-486
We investigated the role of two cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, in the development of absence seizures using a genetic model of
absence epilepsy in WAG/Rij rats. We administered these cytokines to animals systemically and measured the number of spike-wave
discharges (SWDs) in the EEG. We also coadministered IL-1β with the GABA reuptake inhibitor tiagabine and measured the levels
of IL-1β and TNF-α in the brain and blood plasma of 2-, 4-, and 6-month-old WAG/Rij rats and animals that served as a non-epileptic
control (ACI). We found that IL-1β induced a significant increase in SWDs 2-5 h after administration, while TNF-α enhanced
SWDs much later. Both cytokines enhanced passive behavior; body temperature was elevated only after TNF-α. The action of tiagabine
was potentiated by earlier IL-1β injection, even when IL-1β was no longer active. Young WAG/Rij rats showed higher levels
of TNF-α in blood serum than young ACI rats; the effects in the brain tended to be opposite. The marked differences in timing
of the increase in SWDs suggest different time scales for the action of both cytokines tested. It is proposed that the results
found after TNF-α are due to the de novo synthesis of IL-1β. TNF-α may possess neuroprotective effects. IL-1β might increase GABA-ergic neurotransmission. The changes
in the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs related to changes in the cytokine systems may have some clinical relevance. 相似文献
3.
The role of EEG β-, α-, and θ-activity in the formation of the structure of the spatial interaction of cortical formations
and interhemispheric balance (IB), evaluated on the basis of the matrix of conditional probabilities, were studied in healthy
test subjects occupied with oil refining. Preliminarity, the groups of test subjects with high (I), average (II), and low
(III) adaptivity were distinguished. Individuals with a positive IB prevailed in groups I and II and among the test subjects
with the length of service less than 20 years, and those with negative IB were in the majority in group III and among the
test subjects with the length of service over 20 years. The structure of spatial interaction of EEG waves of test subjects
with high and average adaptivity, as well as those with positive IB and length of service below 20 years, was determined mostly
by α-activity. The spatial pattern of EEG of test subjects with low adaptivity, as well as those with negative IB and length
of service above 20 years, was determined by the interaction of bioelectrical activity mainly in the α- and β-ranges. 相似文献
4.
Electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded in 19 standard derivations in 88 healthy subjects (students) in the state of rest
with eyes open and during memorization (learning) of verbal bilingual semantic pairs (the Latin and Russian languages) and
retrieval of information from memory (control). The estimates of EEG coherence in these states were compared for the following
frequency bands: θ (4–7 Hz), α1 (7–10 Hz), α2 (10–13 Hz), β1 (13–18 Hz), β2 (18–30 Hz), and γ (30–40 Hz). Compared to the state of rest, the decrease in coherence in the pairs of derivations from the
frontal and central cortical areas in all EEG frequency bands was the most pronounced for memorization, and the increase in
coherence in the interhemispheric derivation pairs of the parietal-occipital region in most of the frequency bands was the
most pronounced for retrieval. In addition, in the pairs formed by derivations from the parietal-occipital region with derivations
from the frontal and central regions, retrieval is also characterized by an increase in coherence in the β2 and γ bands along with its decrease in the low-frequency ranges. The dynamics of EEG coherence, when comparing the states
of memorization and retrieval, is more statistically significant in the interhemispheric and cross-hemispheric pairs of derivations
than in the intrahemispheric pairs. The revealed topographic specificity of the dynamics of EEG coherence owing to the change
of state is considered in terms of the notion on cognitive-specific forms of sustained goal-directed mental attention. 相似文献
5.
EEG power mapping in the frequency bands from Δ to γ2 was used to study the changes in the background cerebral activity during “successful” cognitive aging, with the cognitive
ability preserved, in subjects engaged in complex occupational activities. The sample consisted of an older age group (OAG)
of 32 subjects (14 men and 18 women with a mean age of 65.1 ± 1.18 years) and a younger age group (YAG) of 33 subjects (18
men and 15 women with a mean age of 22.1 ± 0.38 years). The mean power of the slow (Δ, θ, and α2) rhythms decrease with age, and that of the fast (β and γ) rhythms increase with age. The heterogeneity of the power parameters
recorded at different sites was decreased in the OAG compared to the YAG. The centro-lateral power gradient was smoothed in
the frequency bands from Δ- to β2-, and both the centro-lateral and fronto-parietal power gradients and interhemispheric differences, in the α- and β1 bands in the OAG. The results suggest that the observed age-related changes are prerequisites for the involvement of compensatory
mechanisms, which may be related to both mobilization of larger resources ensuring cognitive activity and reorganization of
cortical networks in the areas prone to age-related physiological changes. 相似文献
6.
Ismo Virtanen Jouni Lohi Taneli Tani Hannu Sariola Robert E. Burgeson Veli-Pekka Lehto 《The Histochemical journal》1996,28(9):643-650
Summary In recent studies, the α2 chain of laminin (Ln) has been suggested to be the only laminin α chain expressed in mouse and human
thymus. We have now used chain-specific monoclonal antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy to study the expression
of laminin chains in samples of foetal and 6-year-old human thymus. The subepithelial basement membrane of the capsule of
foetal 16- to 18-week thymus presented a bright immunoreactivity for Ln α1, α3, β1, β3 and γ1 chains but not for α2 chain,
suggesting the expression of laminins-1 and-5. Most cortical and medullary epithelial cells, including Hassall's corpuscles,
however, lacked laminin immunoreactivity. Immunoreactivity for Ln β2 chain was only seen in basal laminae of larger blood
vessels. In thymic specimens from 6-year-old children, immunoreactivity for the laminin α1, α3, β1, β3 and γ1 chains was invariably
found in subepithelial basement membrane of the capsule and that for laminin α2 chain was now also distinct but more heterogeneous.
Furthermore, the thymic subepithelial basement membrane of the capsule at all stages showed immunore-activity for collagen
type VII, forming the anchoring fibres in epithelial basement membranes. The subcapsular thymic epithelium also showed immunoreactivity
for the BP 230 antigen and β4 integrin subunit, both components of hemidesmosomes. The present results show that the thymic subepithelial basement membrane
of the capsule presents properties which are commonly seen in stratified and combined epithelia, and are compatible with suggestions
of the antigenic similarity of thymic epithelial cells and keratinocytes. 相似文献
7.
Daisei Miyamoto Takao Ueno Sachiko Takashima Kazuhide Ohta Toshio Miyawaki Takashi Suzuki Yasuo Suzuki 《Glycoconjugate journal》1997,14(3):379-388
A new monoclonal antibody (TU-1) directed against the Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glc residue of the Gb3Cer/CD77 antigen was prepared by
the hybridoma technique following immunization of mice with an emulsion composed of monophosphoryl lipid A, trehalose dimycolate,
and Gb3Cer isolated from porcine erythrocytes. TU-1 showed reactivity towards Gb3Cer and lyso-Gb3Cer (Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Sph),
although the reactivity towards lyso-Gb3Cer was about 10-fold lower than that to Gb3Cer. But it did not react with other structurally-related
glycolipids, such as LacCer (Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer), Gg3Cer, Gg4Cer, Gb4Cer (GalNAcβ1-3Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer), galactosylparagloboside
(Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer), sulfatide (HSO3-3Galβ1-1′Cer), other gangliosides (GM3, GM2, GM1a, GD1a and
GT1b), or P1 antigen (Galα1-4Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer) among neutral glycolipids prepared from P1 phenotype red
blood cells. Furthermore, TU-1 reacted with viable lymphoma cells, such as human Burkitt lymphoma cell line, Daudi, and Epstein-Barr
virus (EBV)-transformed B cells by the immunofluorescence method, and also with germinal centre B cells in human tonsil and
vessel endothelial cells in human thymus histochemically. These results indicate that TU-1 is a monoclonal antibody directed
against Gb3Cer/CD77 antigen and can be utilized as a diagnostic reagent for Burkitt's lymphoma and also for detection of the
blood group Pk antigen in glycolipid extracts of erythrocytes. Abbreviations: ATL, adult T-cell leukaemia; BSA, bovine serum
albumin; Cer, ceramide; DPPC, L-α-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; FCS, fetal calf serum; GalCer,
Galβ1-1′Cer; GlcCer, Glcβ1-1′Cer; LacCer, Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer; Gb3Cer, Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer; Iyso-Gb3Cer, Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glc1-1′Sph;
Gb4Cer, GalNAcβ1-3Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glc1-1′Cer; galactosylparagloboside, Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer; Gg3Cer, GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer;
Gg4Cer, Galβ1-3GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer; GM3, Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer; GM2, GalNAcβ1-4(Neu5Acα2-3) Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer;
GM1a, Galβ1-3GalNAcβ1-4(Neu5Acα2-3)Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer; GD1a, Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-3GalNAcβ1-4(Neu5Acα2-3)Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer; GD1b,
Galβ1-3GalNAcβ1-4(Neu5Acα2-8Neu5Acα2-3)Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer; GT1b, Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-3GalNAcβ1-4(Neu5Acα2-8Neu5Acα2-3) Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer;
HRP, horseradish peroxidase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MAb, monoclonal antibody; MPL, monophosphoryl lipid A; P1 antigen,
Galα1-4Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer; PVP, polyvinylpyrolidone; Sph, sphingosine; sulfatide, HSO3-Galβ1-1′Cer; TDM,
trehalose dimycolate; TLC, thin-layer chromatography
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Group 1 (N = 30) and Group 2 (N = 22) of healthy volunteers participated in the experiment. In both groups, the EEG was recorded in the state of rest with
the eyes closed (REC); at rest with eyes open (REO); and during passively watching TV channel noises (white noise). EEG was
also recorded in the state of forced visual attention: when counting colored symbols appearing on the screen (group 1) and
when searching for an image of a real object in the noise (group 2). The averaged values of EEG power in each derivation were
calculated for every subject and for each state in the Δ, θ, α1, α2, β1, β2, and γ frequency bands. The results demonstrate that the exposure to unstructured noninformative video noise may lead to
significant changes in the EEG power in various frequency bands, with the most prominent changes taking place in the α2 band. These changes are topically wide, reflecting systemic changes in the corresponding brain mechanisms, but are much less
intense compared to the difference between the states of rest with the eyes open and closed. 相似文献
9.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2012,43(6):459-467
In a group including 65 adults of both sexes, we examined correlations of the internal/external personality type (locus of
psychological control diagnosed by the Rotter questionnaire) with parameters of the EEG frequency components (rhythms). Multichannel
recording of ongoing EEG was carried out in the resting state; leads were located according to the 10-20 system. Despite natural
high interindividual variability, the subgroup of internals was, in general, characterized by higher spectral powers (SPs)
of the δ, θ, α, and β1 rhythms and a lower SPs of β2 and γ oscillations recorded in the resting state with the eyes closed.
In internals, the modal frequencies of practically all EEG ranges were, on average, somewhat lower. In this subgroup, reaction
of EEG activation related to opening of the eyes was stronger, while the interhemisphere asymmetry was weaker. 相似文献
10.
Here we show that low-dose cyclophosphamide (CY), that depends for its therapeutic effectiveness on the immunopotentiating
activity of the drug for T cell-mediated tumor-eradicating immunity, is curative for ~80% of wild-type (WT) mice bearing a
large s.c. MOPC-315 tumor, but only for ~10% of IFN-α/βR−/− mice bearing a large s.c. MOPC-315 tumor. Histopathological examination of the s.c. tumors of such mice on day 4 after the
chemotherapy revealed that the low dose of CY led to accumulation of T lymphocytes in both the WT and the IFN-α/βR−/− mice. However, in the CY treated tumor bearing WT mice the T lymphocytes were present throughout the tumor mass and in direct
contact with tumor cells, but in the CY treated tumor bearing IFN-α/βR−/− mice most of the T lymphocytes remained in blood vessels. In addition to being important for CY-induced transendothelial
migration of T lymphocytes into the tumor mass, we show here that signaling via the IFN-α/βR is also important for CY-induced
control of metastatic tumor progression in the spleen and liver of the tumor bearing mice. Finally, CY cured tumor bearing
WT mice were resistant to a subsequent challenge with MOPC-315 tumor cells, but the few CY cured tumor bearing IFN-α/βR−/− mice were not. Thus, signaling via the IFN-α/βR on host cells in MOPC-315 tumor bearers is important for CY-induced: (a)
transendothelial migration of T lymphocytes into the tumor mass and the eradication of the primary tumor, (b) control of metastatic
tumor progression, and (c) resistance to a subsequent tumor challenge.
This work was supported by Research Grant 03-19 from the American Cancer Society-Illinois Division. 相似文献
11.
Modality-specific and supramodal EEG components that are related to the reorientation of involuntary anticipatory attention
from the internal to the external type were studied by comparing the unblocking of the visual and acoustic channels. EEG recording
was performed while subjects were at rest with their eyes open, with their eyes closed, or with their eyes closed while using
noise-protective earplugs. The means of both the EEG power in each of the derivations and EEG coherence in each of the derivation
pairs were calculated for every subject and for each of the states. The estimations have been done for the Δ, θ, α1, α2, β1, β2, and γ frequency bands. The obtained data proved the hypothesis on the manifestation of both modality-specific and supramodal
components in the brain mechanisms of involuntary anticipatory attention. These results are of interest for discussion on
the degree of similarity and distinction between the systemic supports of the brain mechanisms of visual and auditory attention. 相似文献
12.
13.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2011,42(4):286-293
In a group including 72 adults of both sexes, we studied correlations between the estimates of the so-called coronary-prone
personality type (type A) diagnosed using the Jenkins questionnaire and the spectral powers (SPs) of the frequency components
(rhythms) of background EEGs recorded in the resting state (leads C3 and C4 according to the 10-20 system). Despite natural
high interindividual variability, estimates that characterized the subject as belonging to the behavioral type A corresponded,
on average, to relatively low SPs of the δ, θ, and α EEG components, intermediate values of the β1 rhythm SP and coefficient of reactivity of the α rhythm, and higher SPs of the high-frequency (β2 and γ) rhythms. Estimates characterizing type B personality corresponded to significantly higher δ-rhythm SPs, intermediate
SPs of the θ and α rhythms, and smaller SPs of the β and γ rhythms. The interhemisphere asymmetry coefficient for the α rhythm
was usually negative in type-A individuals and positive in the cases of types B and AB. The peculiarities observed are probably
determined, to a certain extent, by the fact that both the characteristics of the behavioral types of the personality and
the amplitude parameters of EEG rhythms depend significantly on inherited (in particular neurochemical) factors. Such peculiarities
of the neurodynamic constitution of the individual are determined, to a considerable extent, by the specificity of organization
and functioning of a few neurotransmitter (in particular aminergic) and neurohumoral systems. 相似文献
14.
Coherence at the frequency of θ, α, and β EEG rhythms was analyzed in 14 adults and 23 children of 7–8 years old while they
performed cognitive tasks requiring an involvement of working memory (WM). We used the pair matching paradigm in which subjects
had to match a pair of stimuli shown in succession in the central visual field. The pairs of verbal and visuo-spatial stimuli
were mixed together and presented in a pseudo random order. Each pair was preceded by a warning signal that did not specify
a modality of upcoming stimuli. We analyzed EEG segments recorded (i) in the rest condition, (ii) prior to the first (reference)
stimulus (maintenance of nonspecific voluntary attention), and (iii) prior to the second (test) stimulus (retention of information
in WM). In the present study we focused on the regulatory functional components of WM, and therefore, the stimulus modality
has not been taken into account. In adults, maintaining nonspecific voluntary attention was accompanied by an increase of
the strength of θ-related functional coupling between medial areas of the frontal cortex and temporal cortical zones and by
a strengthening of local β-related functional connectivity in the fronto-central areas of the cortex. In children, no such
increase was found for θ rhythm; for β rhythm the increase was limited to several short-range functional links. In adults,
the retention of information in WM was accompanied by the growth in α coherence in distant fronto-parietal links, predominantly
in the right hemisphere, while in children information retention was accompanied by the growth of θ coherence in the inferio-temporal
and parietal cortical regions. The results of the study point to a relative immaturity of the mechanisms of executive control
of WM in children of 7–8 years old. 相似文献
15.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2009,41(1):54-62
In a group of 70 adult subjects of both sexes, we estimated the levels of the need for achievement and its motivation (interpreted
as generalized characteristics of the state of the motivational sphere of a personality and diagnosed using questionnaires
of Orlov and Mehrabian) and examined the correlations of these estimates with spectral powers (SPs) of the frequency components
(rhythms) of the current background EEG (С3 and С4 leads according to the 10–20 system). Despite the fact that naturally high
interindividual variability exists, high estimates of the need for achievement correlated with medium values of the SPs of
most EEG frequency components (δ, θ, α, and β1 rhythms), low SPs of the β2 and γ rhythms, and higher values of the coefficient of reactivity (CR) of the α rhythm. A high level of the need for achievement
corresponded to higher SPs of the θ and γ rhythms and high CR of the α rhythm, a medium SP of this EEG component, and lower
SPs of the δ and β rhythms. The coefficient of interhemisphere asymmetry of the α rhythm was the highest at low values of
the studied psychological indices. Interrelations that we found in our study can be explained as follows: both the characteristics
of the need for achievement and motivation typical of a certain personality and the amplitude parameters of the EEG rhythms
observed in this individual depend significantly on genetically determined factors (in particular, on neurochemical ones).
These peculiarities of neurodynamic constitution of the individual are, to a considerable extent, due to the specificity of
organization and functioning of a few neurotransmitter (aminergic, in particular) and neurohumoral systems.
Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 61–69, January–February, 2009. 相似文献
16.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2006,38(5-6):380-388
In a group of 80 adults of both sexes, we studied the correlation between the characteristics of aggressiveness of the individual
(diagnosed using the Buss-Durkee questionnaire) and parameters of the frequency components (rhythms) of EEG recorded in the
resting state from leads C3 and C4 according to the 10–20 system. Despite the natural high interindividual variability, the
higher spectral powers of nearly all EEG frequency components (δ-, θ-, α-, and β rhythms) and coefficient of reactivity of
the α rhythm corresponded in general to lower indices on the scales of the Buss-Durkee questionnaire and smaller values of
the index of aggressiveness and index of hostility. These correlations probably reflect a significant dependence of both characteristics
of aggressiveness of personality and amplitude parameters of the EEG rhythms on hereditary factors. Both these aspects of
the neurodynamic constitution of the individual are to a significant extent determined by the specificity of organization
and functioning of a few neurotransmitter (in particular, aminergic) and neurohumoral systems.
Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 38, Nos. 5/6, pp. 448–457, September–December, 2006. 相似文献
17.
The character of interhemispheric distribution of frequency-amplitude parameters of EEG as a function of the strength of emotional
experience, the intensity of drive, and the expected probability of its satisfaction were determined in human test subjects.
The emotional state was aroused by an imaginary reproduction of emotionally colored events. The modified test by D. Price
and co-authors was used where the subjects estimated the intensity of drive (the degree of undesirability of imaginary event)
and the expected probability of its occurrence by the length of line segment. In this study, the simulation of anger was used.
The highest correlation coefficients were observed between the expectation and power in the α-EEG-range in the left frontal
region. The strength of emotional experience negatively correlated with the α-, θ-, and Δ-ranges. Statistically significant
correlation was revealed between the intensity of drive and power of Δ- and θ-waves. The power of β-rhythm correlated with
the strength of emotion as well as with the expectation and drive indices. 相似文献
18.
19.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2011,43(1):42-52
In a group of 118 adults of both sexes, we studied modulation of high-frequency EEG rhythms (β and γ components) under conditions
of EEG activation related to opening of the eyes. Typical changes in the α rhythm (significant depression in the overwhelming
majority of the tested subjects) was accompanied by different (in direction and intensity) shifts of the spectral powers (SPs)
of the β and γ components in different subjects. The power of the β1 subcomponent under conditions of the activation reaction
increased in 6 persons and dropped in 109 persons; changes in this index in two hemispheres were opposite in their directions
in 3 subjects. Thus, changes in the β1 SP upon opening of the eyes were nearly parallel to those of the α rhythm but less
intense. The subgroups differentiated according to the pattern of reactivity of the β2 subcomponent included 23, 85, and 10
subjects; for the γ rhythm, the corresponding numbers were 31, 72, and 8. In other words, the patterns of reactivity of β2
and γ oscillations were rather similar to each other but differed significantly from the pattern for the β1 rhythm. Values
of the differential coefficients of reactivity (DCRs) of the β1, β2, and γ rhythms demonstrated significant correlations that
were especially close for the β2 and γ activity. Within the entire examined group, we found significant negative correlations
of the DCR values for β and γ activities with the estimates of some psychological characteristics of the subjects (levels
of neuroticism, psychoticism, plasticity, self-control of behavior, and some others) measured using the RTS (Strelau), EPQ
(Eysenck), OST (Rusalov), and 16PF (Kettel) questionnaires. The dispersion analysis demonstrated that the above-mentioned
subgroups of the subjects (with increase and decrease in the SPs of the β and γ rhythms in both hemispheres and opposite changes
of these indices in the right and left hemisphere) showed significant or close to significant specific intergroup differences
of a few mean values of the psychological characteristics estimated according to the above questionnaires. Possible mechanisms
of modulation of high-frequency EEG components under conditions of the reaction of EEG activation and relations of such changes
to the psychological characteristics of the personality are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Takayasu Motoyama Yutaka Okumoto Takatoshi Tanisaka Shigeru Utsumi Nobuyuki Maruyama 《Transgenic research》2010,19(5):819-827
A transgenic rice that produces both the α′ and β subunits of β-conglycinin has been developed through the crossing of two
types of transgenic rice. Although the accumulation level of the α′ subunit in the α′β-transgenic rice was slightly lower
than that in the transgenic rice producing only the α′ subunit, the accumulation level of the β subunit in the α′β-transgenic
rice was about 60% higher than that in the transgenic rice producing only the β subunit. Results from sequential extraction
and gel-filtration experiments indicated that part of the β subunit formed heterotrimers with the α′ subunit in a similar
manner as in soybean seeds and that the heterotrimers interacted with glutelin via cysteine residues. These results imply
that the accumulation level of the β subunit in the α′β-transgenic rice increases by an indirect interaction with glutelin.
Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the α′ and β subunits are localized in a low electron-dense region of protein body-II
(PB-II) and that α′ homotrimers in the α′β-transgenic rice seeds seem to accumulate outside of this low electron-dense region. 相似文献