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哺乳动物体细胞克隆及转基因技术,近些年发展迅速。尤其1997年‘多利’羊的诞生,对推动哺乳动物克隆及转基因技术的发展具有里程碑式的意义。本文介绍了哺乳动物体细胞克隆的方法,存在的问题和体细胞克隆的机理研究。对这些方法和研究理论进行了讨论,并探讨如何利用克隆技术进行转基因动物的制备。 相似文献
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《遗传》2019,(12)
体细胞核移植(somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT)是唯一能赋予体细胞基因组全能性的生殖工程技术,对动物种质资源保存、畜牧业发展和生物医学研究等具有重大意义。尽管该技术已经取得了许多研究进展,但哺乳动物克隆胚胎的发育效率依然很低,严重限制其在畜牧业和生物医学上的应用。导致克隆胚胎发育效率低的主要原因是体细胞重编程错误或重编程不完全,主要表现为:印记基因Xist表达异常、DNA甲基化异常,组蛋白修饰异常等。本文简要介绍了体细胞核移植技术,系统总结了哺乳动物克隆胚胎发育效率低的主要影响因素,以期为提升体细胞克隆效率相关研究与实践提供理论参考。 相似文献
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尽管与已有十几年发展史的哺乳动物胚胎细胞克隆技术相比,其体细胞克隆技术的研究仅有不到三年的时间;然而,鉴于哺乳动物体细胞克隆技术在供核效率等方面所具备的明显优势,其应用价值远高于胚胎细胞克隆技术。随着对哺乳动物体细胞克隆技术基本机理的进一步广泛深入的研究,它将在大量克隆优良种畜、扩大同基因型实验动物种群、培育转基因动物和保护濒危野生动物遗传资源等方面发挥巨大作用。 相似文献
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哺乳动物体细胞克隆技术的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
尽管与已有十几年发展史的哺乳动物胚胎细胞克隆技术相比,其体细胞克隆技术的研究仅有不到三年的时间;然而,鉴于哺乳动物体细胞克隆技术在供核效率等方面所具备的明显优势,其应用价值远高于胚胎细胞克隆技术。随着对哺乳动物体细胞克隆技术基本机理的进一步广泛深入的研究,它将在大量克隆优良种畜、扩大同基因型实验动物种群、培育转基因动物和保护濒危野生动物遗传资源等方面发挥巨大作用。 相似文献
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“多莉”羊的诞生是生物界的一个里程碑,它之所以引起如此大的轰动主要是因为它来源于培养的成年绵羊乳腺上皮细胞,这是人类第一次证明分化的体细胞可以被重编程后恢复全能性并最终分化发育成一个动物个体。这说明哺乳动物分化的体细胞核仍具有全套的遗传物质并能够被卵母细胞逆转恢复全能性。然而,关于多莉的供体细胞来源却一直是克隆领域的一个谜。由于体细胞克隆的效率非常低,而用于核移植的供体细胞悬液中往往含有多种类型的细胞,这使得我们很难确切地知道最终获得的克隆动物是来源于哪一种细胞。这种不确定性给我们研究核移植诱导体细胞重编程的机制带来了很大的困难,因此,对供体细胞的研究也是核移植研究领域的一个重要课题,这包括各种组织来源的体细胞是否均可以用于核移植,终末分化的体细胞是否能够用于核移植,组织干细胞是否更有利于体细胞重编程,供体细胞的分化状态是否与核移植的效率有关,死亡的体细胞是否也可以用于核移植等等。本文综述了核移植中与供体细胞相关的最新研究进展。 相似文献
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哺乳动物体细胞克隆经过几年的发展,已取得了很大进展.已有多种细胞被采用并得到了克隆后代.但动物克隆效率仍然很低,供体细胞的选择是动物克隆中的重要步骤.供体细胞的细胞周期、细胞类型、细胞来源和分化程度等方面都可能影响动物克隆的效率. 相似文献
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多莉,第一例大型克隆哺乳动物,由一只称为FinnDorset的6岁母羊乳腺体细胞的基础生命物质经细胞核转移等操作而产生。成果公布后,持怀疑观点的学者提出,提供体细胞的母羊是否本身处在妊娠状态?推测多莉是由胚胎细胞产生,并非体细胞本身克隆所致。由于6岁的母羊死于1995年,只能用其冷冻保存的乳腺组织在Hannah研究中心进行细胞群体的分析。首先,用微卫星扩增技术,以三套引物进行测定;其次,进行DNA指纹分析来断定供体体细胞起源,以确定多莉的真实性。最后证实多莉来自成年母羊乳腺的体细胞。 相似文献
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供体细胞与哺乳动物体细胞核移植 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
哺乳动物体细胞核移植(克隆)技术在转基因动物生产、珍稀动物资源复原与保护、生物学基础研究等方面业已显示出重要的应用价值,而目前该技术还与诱导多能干细胞技术一同被认为是创制患者特异性多能干细胞,为再生医学临床"细胞治疗"提供素材的最佳手段。但是,体细胞克隆的效率仍不理想,关键机制还不清楚,严重制约了该技术的推广。因此,如何提高克隆效率已成为人们普遍关心的首要问题。在体细胞克隆技术所涉及的各环节中,供体细胞是影响克隆效率的最关键因素之一。该文从供体细胞的生物学因素和技术因素两方面进行了回顾,旨在为进一步探寻建立物种或供体细胞个性化准备方案,为提高动物克隆效率提供参考。 相似文献
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Chen DY Wen DC Zhang YP Sun QY Han ZM Liu ZH Shi P Li JS Xiangyu JG Lian L Kou ZH Wu YQ Chen YC Wang PY Zhang HM 《Biology of reproduction》2002,67(2):637-642
Somatic cell nuclei of giant pandas can dedifferentiate in enucleated rabbit ooplasm, and the reconstructed eggs can develop to blastocysts. In order to observe whether these interspecies cloned embryos can implant in the uterus of an animal other than the panda, we transferred approximately 2300 panda-rabbit cloned embryos into 100 synchronized rabbit recipients, and none became pregnant. In another approach, we cotransferred both panda-rabbit and cat-rabbit interspecies cloned embryos into the oviducts of 21 cat recipients. Fourteen recipients exhibited estrus within 35 days; five recipients exhibited estrus 43-48 days after embryo transfer; and the other two recipients died of pneumonia, one of which was found to be pregnant with six early fetuses when an autopsy was performed. Microsatellite DNA analysis of these early fetuses confirmed that two were from giant panda-rabbit cloned embryos. The results demonstrated that panda-rabbit cloned embryos can implant in the uterus of a third species, the domestic cat. By using mitochondrial-specific probes of panda and rabbit, we found that mitochondria from both panda somatic cells and rabbit ooplasm coexisted in early blastocysts, but mitochondria from rabbit ooplasm decreased, and those from panda donor cells dominated in early fetuses after implantation. Our results reveal that mitochondria from donor cells may substitute those from recipient oocytes in postimplanted, interspecies cloned embryos. 相似文献
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Nuclear reprogramming of cloned embryos produced in vitro 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
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Epigenetic marking correlates with developmental potential in cloned bovine preimplantation embryos 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
Santos F Zakhartchenko V Stojkovic M Peters A Jenuwein T Wolf E Reik W Dean W 《Current biology : CB》2003,13(13):1116-1121
During differentiation, somatic nuclei acquire highly specialized DNA and chromatin modifications, which are thought to result in cellular memory of the differentiated state. Upon somatic nuclear transfer into oocytes, the donor nucleus may have to undergo reprogramming of these epigenetic marks in order to achieve totipotency. This may involve changes in epigenetic features similar to those that occur in normal embryos during early development. However, there is accumulating evidence that epigenetic reprogramming is severely deficient in cloned embryos. Several reports reveal inefficient demethylation and inappropriate reestablishment of DNA methylation in quantitative and qualitative patterns on somatic nuclear transfer. Here we examine histone H3 lysine 9 (H3-K9) methylation and acetylation in normal embryos and in those created by somatic nuclear transfer. We find that H3-K9 methylation is reprogrammed in parallel with DNA methylation in normal embryos. However, the majority of cloned embryos exhibit H3-K9 hypermethylation associated with DNA hypermethylation, suggesting a genome-wide failure of reprogramming. Strikingly, the precise epigenotype in cloned embryos depends on the donor cell type, and the proportion of embryos with normal epigenotypes correlates closely with the proportion developing to the blastocyst stage. These results suggest a mechanistic link between DNA and histone methylation in the mammalian embryo and reveal an association between epigenetic marks and developmental potential of cloned embryos. 相似文献
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A simple DNA extraction and rapid specific identification technique for single cells and early embryos of two breeds of Bos taurus 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
In the process of nuclear transfer (NT), different cytoplasm from a donor cell and a recipient oocyte are mixed. However, it is unclear what effect the donor cytoplasm has upon the dedifferentiation of donor nuclei in enucleated ooplasm and upon subsequent production of live cloned offspring. Mitochondria are component parts of cytoplasm so the detection of mitochondrial DNA is helpful to reveal changes of donor cytoplasm in the NT reconstructed embryos. In this study, the experiments were designed to develop efficient DNA extraction techniques and specific primer pairs for mitochondrial DNA of Holstein and Chinese Yellow breeds in order to identify the changes of donor cytoplasm in early stage embryos. Firstly, by adding Triton X-100 and Taq DNA polymerase reaction buffer to the DNA extraction mixture, DNA was rapidly isolated from single diploid cells, single oocytes, early stage embryos and from single hairs. Secondly, two specific primer pairs for the two breeds were designed to detect the cytoplasmic DNA in a different amount of single cells and in early stage embryos. The results show that two specific fragments were successfully amplified from single somatic cells, single oocytes, parthenogenetic embryos and from NT reconstructed embryos. As a result, the techniques provide a powerful tool for studying the developmental mechanism in NT reconstructed embryos. 相似文献
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Shyam K. Sharan Bernadette Holdener-Kenny David W. Threadgill Terry Magnuson 《Mammalian genome》1992,3(2):79-83
Sensitive methods for analysis of DNA from limited amounts of tissue are often difficult, error prone, and time consuming. Here, we describe a procedure for molecular analysis of individual early post-implantation mouse embryos by Southern analysis. The procedure involves embedding single embryos in agarose before lysing and deproteinizing in situ. The embedded DNA can be digested with restriction enzymes and analyzed by standard Southern-blotting procedures. The procedure is sensitive enough to detect single-copy sequences in embryos as early as day 6.5 of development. We have used the technique to genotype embryos homozygous for an embryonic lethal deletion. Normally, the lethal phenotype associated with such mutations is identified by a retrospective statistical analysis of abnormal embryos produced from a heterozygous cross as compared to those produced from a control cross. Now, if associated with a detectable DNA abnormality, the mutant embryo can be genotyped directly. We also report the use of this method for mapping cloned markers relative to deletion breakpoints. This approach can save considerable time since mapping would conventionally be done using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected in Mus musculus/Mus spretus interspecies hybrids. Using this procedure, we have been able to redefine the distal limits of the region of Chromosome (Chr) 7 containing a gene (eed) needed for development of the embryonic ectoderm. 相似文献
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Methylation and acetylation characteristics of cloned bovine embryos from donor cells treated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Differentiated somatic cells and embryos cloned from somatic cells by nuclear transfer (NT) have higher levels of DNA methylation than gametes and early embryos produced in vivo. Reducing DNA methylation in donor cells before NT by treating them with chemicals such as the DNA methyl-transferase inhibitor (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine; 5-aza-dC) may improve cloning efficiency of NT embryos by providing donor cells with similar epigenetic characteristics as in vivo embryos. Previously, high levels of this reagent were used to treat donor cells, and decreased development of cloned embryos was observed. In this study, we tested a lower range (0.005 to 0.08 microM) of this drug and used cell cycle distribution changes as an indicator of changes in the characteristics of donor cells. We found that at 0.01 microM 5-aza-dC induced changes in the cycle stage distribution of donor cells, increased the fusion rate of NT embryos, and had no deleterious effect on the percentage of blastocyst development. Levels of 5-aza-dC greater than 0.01 microM significantly decreased embryo development. Embryos cloned from donor cells treated with a low dose of 5-aza-dC had higher levels of DNA methylation than embryos produced by in vitro fertilization, but they also had higher levels of histone acetylation. Although 5-aza-dC at 0.04 microM or higher reduced DNA methylation and histone acetylation levels to those of in vitro-fertilized embryos, development to blastocyst was reduced, suggesting that this concentration of the drug was detrimental. In summary, 5-aza-dC at 0.01 microM altered donor cell characteristics while showing no deleterious effects on embryos cloned from treated cells. 相似文献