蜘蛛基因组DNA提取方法的比较

分别用SDS法,SK251基因组DNA小量抽提试剂盒法,自制试剂盒法,对蜘蛛组织的基因组DNA进行了提取,经比较,自制试剂盒法对提取蜘蛛基因组DNA最简便面又有效的方法。     

一种蜘蛛基因组DNA的简易提取方法

本文介绍了1种改进的蜘蛛基因组DNA的提取方法.通过与传统DNA提取方法的比较,本方法具有可在常温条件下进行、DNA得率高、简便、经济等优势.     

美花石斛基因组DNA提取方法的比较

采用CTAB法、尿素法、高盐低pH法、SDS法和陈大明法等5种方法提取美花石斛(Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe)基因组总DNA,通过电泳、紫外光谱分析和RAPD-PCR扩增等检测手段,比较分析了DNA质量。DNA条带显示改良CTAB法和改良尿素法较好。     

四种提取芸芥基因组DNA方法的比较

以芸芥为材料 ,分别用CTAB法、SDS法、尿素法、NaOH法四种方法对芸芥基因组DNA进行了提取 ;并用紫外光分光光度计法、琼脂糖电泳法和RAPD分析法对所提取的DNA进行检测 ,将它们在DNA的产量、质量和耗时、耗费等方面的优缺点进行比较 ,以便在实际工作中根据不同的试验条件选取最合适的提取方法。通过四种方法的比较 ,研究认为尿素法是芸芥基因组DNA的最佳提取方法。     

不同方式保存的蜘蛛基因组DNA提取方法的探索

基因组DNA的提取是在分子水平上进行研究的基础,提取的DNA的纯度、浓度及结构的完整性是进行基因工程各项研究的前提条件.本文用SDS法、CTAB法和饱和Nac1法等3种方法分别对75%乙醇浸泡、无水乙醇浸泡、-20℃冷冻及新鲜蜘蛛标本基因组DNA进行提取,并进行比较.实验结果表明:使用SDS法提取-20℃冷冻保藏的蜘蛛标本基因组DNA,可以达到分子生物学研究的要求.     

蜘蛛HMW-gDNA的电洗脱纯化提取

该文研究了蜘蛛大分子量基因组DNA（HMW-gDNA）的提取以及一种高效电洗脱纯化装置的构建。以蜘蛛胸部肌肉组织为原料,通过自改良CTAB法提取蜘蛛HMW-gDNA,利用透析膜和2 mL离心管构建一种新的HMW-gDNA快速凝胶回收装置,并对蜘蛛HMW-gDNA进行电洗脱分离回收。结果显示,改良CTAB法可高效提取蜘蛛HMW-gDNA（>48.5 kb）,且通过透析膜的截留作用,对普通琼脂糖凝胶中目的HMW-gDNA进行快速电洗脱分离,其回收率超过75%,OD₂₆₀/OD₂₈₀处于1.8～2.0之间,对HMW-gDNA完整性无影响。综合结果表明, 改良CTAB法可用于蜘蛛HMW-gDNA的提取,此电洗脱纯化装置可从普通琼脂糖中高效回收HMW-gDNA,是一种低成本、简捷、高效且实用性强的凝胶回收方法。     

改进的SDS-CTAB法提取濒危植物连香树总DNA

对珍稀濒危植物连香树(Cercidiphyllum japonicum)的6种总DNA提取方法进行了对比试验,结果表明改进的SDS-CTAB法更适合于连香树总DNA提取。该方法提取的DNA经紫外消光值检测,其A260/A280为1.8532,优于CTAB法(1.4872)、SDS法(1.3552)、PVP法(1.5079)、尿素法(1.1858)和高盐低pH法(1.4534)。琼脂糖凝胶电泳和PCR扩增结果也得出同样的结论。     

苔藓植物DNA提取方法研究

提取高质量的 DNA是对苔藓植物遗传多样性进行研究的基础。该文以苔藓植物为试材 ,用 5种方法 ,即快速提取法、改良 CTAB法、CTAB法、SDS法及高盐法 (第一种为自行设计 ,第二种是对原有方法的改进 )对苔藓植物 DNA提取方法进行了比较研究。结果表明 ,快速提取法和改良 CTAB法是 2种适合于苔藓植物 DNA提取的方法。这 2种方法提取的 DNA浓度和纯度均比较高 ,凝胶电泳显示无明显降解现象 ,适宜作为 PCR扩增的模板 ,并成功地进行了 RAPD扩增。     

适合于胞质基因组扩增的红麻成熟叶片DNA提取改良方法

为了从成熟红麻叶片中提取高质量、高产量的基因组DNA,针对红麻成熟叶片中多糖、多酚含量较高的特性,利用改良CTAB法及改良SDS法分别提取红麻品种福红952成熟叶基因组DNA,并通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳和紫外分光光度计测定进行DNA质量检测。结果表明:改良CTAB法提取的基因组DNA电泳时点样孔干净,条带整齐无拖带,OD260/OD280为1.9左右,产率可达1.84μg/g,其质量、产量都高于改良SDS法,所提取的DNA可用于红麻RAPD分子标记、线粒体DNA、叶绿体DNA通用引物PCR扩增。改良CTAB法是提取成熟红麻叶片DNA的有效方法,并且可用于红麻分子标记及胞质基因组学研究。     

麦冬基因组DNA提取方法研究

为了从富含多糖、多酚的顽拗植物麦冬中分离出高质量基因组DNA,分别建立了改良CTAB法和改良SDS法。通过使用核分离液和CTAB/NaCl溶液、提取液中加入0.35倍体积无水乙醇等最大限度地除去杂质。将两种方法提取的8种麦冬DNA与两种离心柱式试剂盒提取的DNA在纯度、产率等方面进行对比,并进行双酶切和SRAP分析。麦冬类植物SRAP反应体系的建立尚属首次。结果表明,改良CTAB法和改良SDS法均能从8种麦冬叶片中提取到高质量的基因组DNA,改良CTAB法提取纯度更高,提取幼叶DNA纯度可以与离心柱式试剂盒媲美,能够满足多种分子生物学试验要求。在后续试验中,用改良CTAB法从20多种沿阶草族植物中提取到了高纯度DNA。该方法通用性好,提取的DNA纯度高,对其他顽拗类植物基因组DNA的提取具有借鉴意义。     

烟草种质资源AFLP分析中DNA模板的制备

采用CTAB法和SDS法提取烟草基因组DNA,经检测表明,CTAB法提取的基因组DNA纯度高于SDS法;CTAB法提取的DNA,其OD₂₆₀/OD₂₈₀值均高于1.8,相对分子量23kb左右,且能完全被EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ酶切消化,并能获得清晰的AFLP指纹图谱。     

Shotgun法测序制备高纯度水稻基因组DNA的方法探讨(英)

在用散弹 (shotgun)法测定水稻 (OryzasativaL .ssp .indica)基因组全序列的过程中 ,叶绿体和线粒体DNA的污染问题非常严峻 .应用脉冲场电泳 (PFGE)技术对水稻基因组DNA进行纯化 ,结果表明它能够有效去除叶绿体和线粒体DNA ,使其污染率从 3%降低到 0 2 % .同时 ,比较了水稻绿苗和黄化苗的DNA得率 ,以及HB法和NIB法制备大分子质量(HMW)DNA的异同 .最后提出一套制备水稻基因组DNA的方法 ,包括黄化苗培养 ;细胞核的分离、包埋和裂解 ;脉冲场电泳纯化、回收聚集在低熔点 (LMP)胶中的水稻HMWDNA .用该方法所得的水稻基因组DNA ,纯度高 (无叶绿体和线粒体DNA污染 )、基因组完整 (机械剪切和降解少 )、回收率高 (操作过程中DNA损失少 ) .另外 ,首次报道在融化的低熔点(LMP)胶中对水稻HMWDNA于 38℃进行超声波处理 ,能够获得用于shotgun文库和梯度文库构建所需要的各种DNA片段(1 5～ 3kb ,3～ 12kb) ,并且效果优于在TE中进行操作     

A new method for rapid screening of bacterial species- or subspecies-specific DNA probes

A simple assay for the rapid screening of bacterial species- or subspecies-specific DNA probes for the random cloning method is presented, involving the use of genomic DNAs as probes and recombinant plasmid DNAs containing genomic DNA digested with HindIII as targets. The optimal amount of target DNAs and the concentration of digoxigenin-labeled genomic DNA probes were 20 ng and 100 ng ml(-1) (or 10 ng and 200 ng ml(-1)), respectively. The method was applied to the development of Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies-specific probes. Our results showed that four out of 96 probes were F. nucleatum subspecies-specific, which was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Our results indicate that the new method can be used for the rapid screening of species- or subspecies-specific probes.     

金丝小枣基因组DNA的优化提取方法

采用SDS和CTAB两种方法分离提取金丝小枣基因组DNA,并比较其提取效果。结果表明,改进后的CTAB法可获得高质量、高得率的基因组DNA,可用于金丝小枣的各种分子生物学研究。     

利用氯化苄提取适于分子生物学分析的真菌DNA

随着生物技术的飞速发展,更加需要简便、快速地提取高质量的DNA。以往报导的提取真菌DNA的方法大都采用液氮研磨或酶解破坏细胞壁和膜的方式,从而导致繁琐、复杂和费时的提取过程。根据氯化苄在弱碱条件下与多糖上的羟基反应形成醚从而使多糖长链断裂的事实,我们发展了一种全新的真菌DNA提取方法,该方法使氯化苄在pH9.0时与细胞壁多糖作用,破坏细胞壁,基因组DNA因而得以从细胞中释放出来。新方法具有简便、快速、价廉的优点,得到的DNA蛋白质污染少、质量较高、产量稳定。对该法提取的DNA作进一步的分子生物学分析,如限制性内切酶酶解、RFLP分析、RAPD扩增,都取得了令人满意的结果。利用氯化苄提取真菌DNA的研究,迄今在国际、国内均尚未见报道。     

利用氯化苄提取适于分子生物学分析的真菌 DNA

随着生物技术的飞速发展,更加需要简便、快速地提取高质量的DNA。以往报导的提取真菌DNA的方法大都采用液氮研磨或酶解破坏细胞壁和膜的方式,从而导致繁琐、复杂和费时的提取过程。根据氯化苄在弱碱条件下与多糖上的羟基反应形成醚从而使多糖长链断裂的事实,我们发展了一种全新的真菌DNA提取方法,该方法使氯化苄在pH9.0时与细胞壁多糖作用,破坏细胞壁,基因组DNA因而得以从细胞中释放出来。新方法具有简便、快速、价廉的优点,得到的DNA蛋白质污染少、质量较高、产量稳定。对该法提取的DNA作进一步的分子生物学分析,如限制性内切酶酶解、RFLP分析、RAPD扩增,都取得了令人满意的结果。利用氯化苄提取真菌DNA的研究,迄今在国际、国内均尚未见报道。     

A comparison of solution and membrane-bound DNA × DNA hybridization,as used to infer phylogeny

A new method of membrane-bound DNA × DNA hybridization was devised to accommodate the study of small quantities of DNA obtained from museum specimens for phylogeny reconstruction. Membranebound, single-stranded target genomic DNAs were competitively hybridized with a total genomic DNA probe to form hybrid duplexes required for the DNA dissociation experiments. We compared the thermal elution profiles derived from dissociating duplexes made with probes of whole genomic, single-copy, and repetitive DNA, as well as solution DNA × DNA hybridization using sc tracer. Quantitatively, pairwise indices of genetic distance derived from duplexes made with genomic probes depended entirely on hybridization of repetitive sequences, but a parallel set of experiments using repetitive and sc probes produced qualitatively similar results. The indices of genetic distance generated by the membrane-bound hybrids form an internally consistent, resolved tree which is in agreement with the solution DNA × DNA hybridization trials and traditional views of the phylogeny of the taxa under study.Correspondence to: P. Houde     

Identification of the pathogenic Aspergillus species by nested PCR using a mixture of specific primers to DNA topoisomerase II gene

For PCR-based identification of Aspergillus species, a common primer of the DNA topoisomerase II genes of Candida, Aspergillus and Penicillium, and species-specific primers of the genomic sequences of DNA topoisomerase II of A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. flavus (A. oryzae), A. nidulans and A. terreus were tested for their specificities in PCR amplifications. The method consisted of amplification of the genomic DNA topoisomerase II gene by a common primer set, followed by a second PCR with a primer mix consisting of 5 species-specific primer pairs for each Aspergillus species. By using the common primer pair, a DNA fragment of approximately 1,200 bp was amplified from the Aspergillus and Penicillium genomic DNAs. Using each species-specific primer pair, unique sizes of PCR products were amplified, all of which corresponded to a species of Aspergillus even in the presence of DNAs of several fungal species. The sensitivity of A. fumigatus to the nested PCR was found to be 100 fg of DNA in the reaction mixture. In the nested PCR obtained by using the primer mix (PsIV), the specific DNA fragment of A. fumigatus was amplified from clinical specimens. These results suggest that this nested PCR method is rapid, simple and available as a tool for identification of pathogenic Aspergillus to a species level.     

Relative quantitation of restriction fragment length polymorphic DNAs via DNA melting analysis provides an effective way to determine allele frequencies

To accurately and precisely estimate the allele frequencies in DNA pools for a cost-effective approach to correlate genetic variations to phenotypic traits, we exploited differential melting kinetics between restriction fragment length polymorphic DNAs. The allele frequencies of two SNPs in a series of DNA mixtures with known allelic compositions of the SNPs were determined by analyzing the meltings of restricted PCR amplicons, yielding a result with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.014 relative to the expected values and a standard deviation (SD) of 0.018 from triplicate measurements. This method was then applied in the measurement of genotype frequencies in DNA pools in which varying numbers of genomic DNAs were intermingled while maintaining uniform quantitative contribution. Analyses of 10 SNPs demonstrated the feasibility of this method in an economical and highly accurate manner as the results yielded an RMSE value of 0.027 and a SD of 0.019.     

问号钩端螺旋体基因组DNA芯片的研制

目的 研制并初步评估问号钩端螺旋体(简称钩体)赖型赖株的基因组DNA芯片。方法 利用Primegens引物设计软件筛选出问号钩体赖型赖株全基因组中的特异性基因进行引物设计。对成功设计出相应引物的3 290个基因用聚合酶链反应方法进行扩增,以纯化后的产物点样制备芯片。并用双色荧光杂交策略对芯片质量进行了初步平估。结果 共获得3 290个基因产物用于点样。参考株自身杂交实验结果表明:该芯片有较高的点一致性、信噪比和较低的假阳性率。结论 成功制备了包含问号钩体赖型赖株3 290个目的基因的基因组DNA芯片,并可用于基于该芯片的问号钩体比较基因组学的研究。