人HCN4通道的滞后现象:影响窦房结起搏的潜在决定因素(英文)

超极化活化环核苷酸门控(hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated,HCN)通道参与调制心脏跳动的节律和速率。与HCN1和HCN2有所不同,慢通道HCN4可能不存在电压依赖的滞后现象。本研究采用单细胞膜片钳方法,在稳定转染hHCN4的HEK293细胞上进行电生理记录,观察hHCN4通道是否存在滞后现象,以及cAMP对其的调制作用;同时采用实时定量RT-PCR方法检测窦房结和心房组织中HCNs的表达。电压钳实验结果显示hHCN4电流(Ih)激活随着保持电位超极化的变化而向去极化方向移动。三角电位变化钳(triangular ramp)和动作电位钳的结果也显示了hHCN4的滞后现象。cAMP增加Ih电流幅度,且使电流激活向去极化方向移动,从而改变内源性hHCN4滞后行为。RT-PCR结果显示,人窦房结组织主要表达HCN4,占75%,HCN1占21%,HCN2占3%,HCN3占0.7%。以上结果提示,人窦房结组织主要表达HCN4亚型,hHCN4的Ih存在电压依赖性的滞后现象,且受cAMP调制。由此推断,hHCN4通道的滞后现象可能在窦房结起搏活动中起到了关键作用。     

体外HCN2转染脂肪干细胞构建起搏细胞的实验研究

目的:体外HCN2基因转染人脂肪干细胞(Adipose-derived stem cells,ADSCs)构建起搏细胞.方法:取人脂肪组织分离得到脂肪干细胞并进行体外培养,Ad.HCN2转染后检测HCN2表达情况,检测转染后ADSCs自主产生起搏电流(pacemaker current,If)的能力.结果:RT-PCR结果显示实验组HCN2基因表达.Western-blot可检测到实验组HCN2蛋白表达.流式细胞仪检测可见实验组HCN2阳性比例明显升高.免疫荧光检测可见转染的ADSCs发出红色荧光.膜片钳可记录到起搏电流,其激活电位约为-60 mV,完全激活电位140mV,呈电压依赖性.结论:ADSCs被Ad.HCN2转染后可表达目的基因HCN2,并自主产生起搏电流.     

超极化激活的环核苷酸门控通道（HCN 通道）抑制剂的研究进展

超极化激活的环核苷酸门控通道(HCN通道)有四个亚型,分别为HCN1-4。HCN通道各亚型之间的基本结构相似,在许多组织中均有表达,其中以大脑和心脏组织中表达最为丰富。HCN通道既参与所在组织的正常生理功能,也与所在组织的病理状态密切相关。如神经损伤引起的神经源性疼痛常检测到HCN1通道表达量的增加,肥厚性心肌病和终末期心力衰竭等病理状态下常检测到心室肌细胞HCN4 mRNA及HCN2 mRNA表达增加。鉴于HCN通道与许多疾病密切相关,因此,以其为靶点来治疗相关疾病成为可能,但是由于HCN通道分布广泛,而目前该通道阻滞剂均为非选择性亚型抑制剂,临床应用时不可避免的引起副反应,因此发展选择性HCN通道亚型抑制剂就显得刻不容缓。本文就HCN通道抑制剂的研究发展做进一步探讨。     

应激对大鼠心室肌细胞L-型钙离子通道的影响

目的 :研究应激对心室肌细胞L 型钙离子通道电流及激活、失活门控动力学特性的影响。方法 :制备离体心室肌细胞并用去甲肾上腺素 (NE)诱导建立应激心肌细胞模型 ,应用流式细胞术 (FCM )和Fura 2荧光分光光度法测定应激心室肌细胞的凋亡率和心肌细胞内游离钙浓度变化。利用膜片钳全细胞钳制记录法记录应激心室肌细胞L 型钙离子通道电流I V曲线图及稳态激活、失活曲线图。结果 :FCM检测发现 1 0 - 4mol/L的NE模拟应激可导致心室肌细胞凋亡率明显上升 ,对照组 :0 .36 % ,应激组 :2 .1 7% (P <0 .0 1 )。 1 0 - 4mol/L的NE干预使Ica L峰电流幅值显著性上升 ,激活曲线分析发现应激后曲线明显左移 ,半数最大激活膜电位 (V1 /2 )为 (- 1 4 .59± 0 .2 4 )mV ,较之于对照组 :(- 0 .69± 0 .36)mV ,差异显著 ,而稳态失活曲线特性未发生有意义的改变。实验组心肌细胞内游离钙浓度较对照组升高 1 6 .7%。结论 :应激可导致L 型钙离子通道电流增加 ,通道更易于激活 ,通道的这种异常活动可能导致钙超载 ,从而引起心肌细胞凋亡 ,介导应激性心肌损伤的发生     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对模拟缺血心室肌细胞L-型钙通道的影响

实验研究了血管紧张素II（AngⅡ)对模拟缺血心室肌细胞L－型钙离子通道的作用,用胶原酶酶解法急性分离豚鼠心室肌细胞,以全细胞膜片钳方法记录心室肌细胞的L－型钙电流（ICa L.)。采用低氧,无糖,高乳酸和酸中毒综合方式模拟缺血液灌流,造成心室肌细胞的模拟缺血,并在缺血的基础上继续用含100mmol/A AngⅡ灌流细胞,观察AngⅡ对模拟缺血心室肌细胞钙离子通道的影响,实验结果显示,模拟缺血时ICa.L峰值电流明显减小,最大激活电压为0mV,AngⅡ能抵抗模拟缺血对ICa,L的抑制效应,使ICa,L峰值电流增大,并使最大激活电压左移至－10mV。     

溶血磷脂酰胆碱对缺血条件下羊浦肯野纤维If电流的影响

本文用双微电极电压箝制术观察“缺血”及毒性代谢产物溶血磷脂酸胆碱（LPC）对绵羊心室浦肯野纤维起搏离子流If的影响。用模拟缺血溶液灌流15,30和60min后,在一60mV～120mV之间的各不同指令电位水平If离子流幅值均降低（n=5,P＜0．05）,激活达稳态时间及半激活时间延长（n=5,P＜0．05）,稳态激活曲线向超极化方向移位。在正常台氏液中加入2×10-5mol/LIPC,灌流后,各个膜电位水平的浦氏纤维起搏离子流If的幅值显著降低（n=10,P＜0.05）,稳态激活曲线向超极化方向移位,但If激活达稳态时间及半激活时间均无明显改变。在模拟缺血溶液灌流30min基础上,再加2×10－5mol／LLPC灌流,15min后测得If幅值进一步减小（n=10,P＜0．05）,加剧了“缺血”对If离子流的抑制作用。上述结果表明：缺血代谢产物溶血磷脂酸胆碱对心室的正常自律活动具有抑制作用,在模拟缺血条件下,它能使已受抑制的自律活动抑制进一步加深。因此它的存在不会异常增强心室自律性活动而发生快速性室性心律失常。     

心肌缺血时腺苷对绵羊浦肯野纤维I_f电流的影响

目的和方法 :用双微电极电压钳技术 ,观察腺苷 (adenosine ,Ad)对绵羊心室浦肯野纤维起搏离子流 1f 的影响。结果 :在正常台氏液中加入 10 -5mol/LAd灌流 15min和 30min后 ,在 - 70～ - 12 0mV所有膜电位 ,If 离子流幅值均降低 (n =12 ,P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1) ,引起激活曲线向超极化方向移位 ,但If 稳态激活时间无明显改变。“缺血”15min和 30min后 ,在 - 70～ - 12 0mV所有膜电位If 离子流幅值均降低 (n =13,P <0 0 5 ) ,稳态激活时间延长 ,导致激活曲线向超极化方向移位 ;“缺血”30min基础上再加 10 -5mol/lAd灌流 15min和 30min ,If 幅值进一步显著减小 (n =13 ,vs“缺血”P <0 0 5 )。结论 :缺血代谢产物Ad对心室的正常自律活动具有抑制作用 ,在“缺血”条件下 ,它能使已受抑制的自律活动进一步受抑     

HCN通道在爪蟾卵母细胞中的功能表达

目的:建立爪蟾卵母细胞表达的HCN通道的细胞模型,研究其生物学特性,并为药物评价建立细胞模型。方法:将HCN1及HCN2的互补DNA(c DNA)体外转录为互补RNA(c RNA)后,分别注射至去除滤泡膜的非洲爪蟾卵母细胞中,表达1~3 d后采用双电极电压钳技术记录其电流。结果:在爪蟾卵母细胞表达的HCN1及HCN2通道的同聚体细胞模型上,记录到了超极化激活的内向阳离子电流,此电流被称为Ih电流,可被HCN通道特异性阻断剂Cs Cl所阻断;在1 mmol/L的Cs Cl作用下,HCN通道产生的电流幅度显著减小,在-140 m V水平,HCN1电流幅度减少率为83.4%±9.5%(n=5,P0.001),HCN2产生的电流幅度减少率为99.7%±0.6%(n=4,P0.001)。结论:建立了表达HCN1及HCN2通道的爪蟾卵母细胞模型,为研究HCN通道生物学特点以及药物评价奠定了基础。     

HCN2在大鼠外周神经病理性疼痛发生中的作用

目的：初步探讨超极化激活的环核苷酸门控通道2型（HCN2）在外周神经病理性疼痛发生中的作用。方法：将24只健康成年大鼠进行随机分组（n=12）：假手术组（Sham）大鼠仅分离左侧L4、L5脊神经,模型组（SNL）分离脊神经后进行相应的结扎处理,手术7 d后用行为学方法进行模型评价;将造模成功的大鼠进行随机分组（n=6）：①阴性对照组（Saline）,左侧足底注射生理盐水;②阳性对照组（GBPT）,腹腔注射加巴喷丁;③实验组（ZD7288）,左侧足底注射HCN非特异性阻断剂ZD7288。在给药前以及给药后1 h、4 h、24 h、48 h用疼痛行为学实验检测其对神经病理性疼痛的作用;分别取手术前对照组（Control）、假手术组（Sham）和模型组（SNL）大鼠的背根神经节（DRG）（n=6）,利用qPCR和Western blot的方法研究造模前后大鼠DRG内HCN2的表达的变化情况。结果：①成功建立大鼠神经痛模型;②与Saline组比较,GBPT组和ZD7288组在注射1 h后,均能明显的减轻大鼠神经病理性疼痛的症状（P<0.01）,而GBPT组和ZD7288组之间比较则无差异;③与Control组和Sham组相比较,SNL组大鼠DRG内的HCN2 mRNA表达量明显增加（P<0.01）;与Control组和Sham组相比较,SNL组大鼠DRG内的HCN2通道蛋白表达量显著增加（P<0.05）。结论：HCN2参与外周神经病理性疼痛的发生,并有可能成为治疗神经病理性疼痛一个潜在的新靶点。     

抗心律失常药RP62 71 9对哺乳动物心室肌K~ 电流的抑制

使用全细胞膜片箝技术 ,研究RP6 2 719对内向整流钾电流 (IK1)、瞬时外向钾电流 (Ito)和延迟外向整流钾电流 (IK)的作用 ,并探讨其抗心律失常作用的机制。实验结果表明 ,在指令电压为 - 10 0mV时 ,RP6 2 719可显著抑制豚鼠心室肌细胞IK1,半数抑制浓度 (IC50 )为 5 0± 1 0 μmol/L。RP6 2 71910 μmol/L在 40mV时对犬心室肌细胞Ito抑制率为 84 0± 4 4% ,IC50 为 1 2± 0 5 1μmol/L。在 40mV时 ,5 0 μmol/LRP6 2 719还可使豚鼠心室肌细胞IKstep减少 5 0 0± 8 3% ,IKtail减少 5 6 0± 4 9% ,IC50 分别为 4 2± 0 8μmol/L和 3 3± 0 75 μmol/L。提示RP6 2 719抗心律失常的离子机制与其对IK1、Ito及IK 的抑制有关     

Genetics of obesity of Zucker rats and Koletsky rats.

The breeding data on Zucker rats and on Koletsky rats confirm that the obesity in these two strains of rats is inherited recessively and results from single gene mutations. Mating a Zucker heterozygote to a Koletsky heterozygote produced obese F1 progeny. Inter-stock breeding results indicate that the obesity in the Zucker-Koletsky hybrid stock is also inherited in a recessive manner. The gene that controls obesity in the Zucker rats, fatty (fa), and the gene that controls obesity in the Koletsky rats, f, are thus alleles at the same locus. We propose that f be renamed fak until it can be proven that fa and fak are identical.     

Nephrotoxicity of cyclosporin A in diabetic breeding rats breeding rats

A considerable number of studies were carried out on patients receiving Cyclosporin A (CSA) after bone marrow, heart and kidney transplants. More recently this drug has been used as an immunosuppressive agent in the management of type 1 diabetes. Moreover the increase of creatinine levels in CSA-treated patients and animals has led the researchers to believe that this drug may be responsible for irreversible nephrotubular side effects.Our aim was, therefore, to study the hispathological effects of CSA on kidneys of bio breeding (BB) rats, which develop diabetes spontaneously.Animals were treated for 30 and 60 days with daily injections of 8 mg/kg body wt of CSA, dissolved in 2 ml of Intralipid 10% (Pierrel), given intraperitoneally (control animals received only Intralipid). At the end of the experiments animals were sacrificed under ether anaesthesia and the kidneys removed and processed for light microscopy, using standard procedures. After a 30-day administration of CSA, the tubular and glomerular structures appeared unchanged or, in some cases, only a few cells, in the proximal tubules, showed slight vacuolation. After 60 days of CSA administration, the elements of the proximal profiles showed a considerable degree of cytoplasmic vacuolation. These vacuoles resulted positive to PFABB, Sudan Black B, PAS and alkaline tetrazolium reactions. Distal tubular profiles, loops of Henle and glomeruli were unaffected.Our morphological findings demonstrate that CSA causes nephrotubular modifications, when administered in therapeutic doses of only 10 mg/kg body wt, as in many clinical schedules. Moreover data could be consistent with a possible reversion to the normal structural appearance.     

Neuroprotective properties of aucubin in diabetic rats and diabetic encephalopathy rats

In this study, we determined the neuroprotective effect of aucubin on diabetes and diabetic encephalopathy. With the exception of the control group, all rats received intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ; 60?mg/kg) to induce type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Aucubin (1, 5, 10?mg/kg ip) was used after induction of DM (immediately) and diabetic encephalopathy (65?days after the induction of diabetes). The diabetic encephalopathy treatment groups were divided into short-term and long-term treatment groups. Treatment responses to all parameters were examined (body weight, plasma glucose, Y-maze error rates and proportion of apoptotic cells). In diabetic rats, aucubin controlled blood glucose levels effectively, prevented complications, and improved the quality of life of diabetic rats. In diabetic encephalopathy, aucubin significantly rescued neurons in the hippocampal CA1 subfield and reduced working errors during behavioral testing. The significant neuroprotective effect of aucubin could be seen not only in the short term (15?days) but also in the long term (45?days), which was a highly encouraging finding. These data suggest that aucubin may be a potential neuroprotective agent.     

Receptivity of female rats

Receptivity of female rats has been investigated under chronic experimental conditions. A receptivity index has been worked out for quantitative evaluation. It proved suitable for disclosing stimulatory (2.5 mg noretynodrel, oestradiol propionate) as well as inhibitory (etynodiol diacetate) effects. 2.5 mg noretynodrel has a biphasic effect; causing an inhibition and later an increase in receptivity. Receptivity of untreated female rats is low and can be increased by various steroids; the best treatment was 50 micrograms oestradiol monopropionate administered twice weekly, but this resulted in an inverse mating reaction, with frequent copulations in every phase of the cycle. In untreated females the number of copulations varied widely. Previous deliveries did not influence receptivity and frigidity was also observed.     

Pulmonary surfactant system of newborn rats in alcoholic intoxication of pregnant rats

Data, received in investigation of the lungs of 45 newborn rats, show, that there is the suppression of the surface active properties of surfactant in animals, born from female rats with simulated alcoholic intoxication in pregnancy period. The decrease of the surface activity of surfactant may be connected with direct injury influence of alcohol on surfactant as well as with inactivation of surfactant with serum proteins, which appear in the alveolar space because of the increase of the permeability of components of air-haematic barrier. The suppression of the surface active properties of surfactant is accompanied by reinforcement of the functional activity of the 2nd type pneumocytes and appearance of the hypertrophic forms of these cells.