Isolation of recombinant vaccine strains of poliovirus from patients with poliomyelitis

Oligonucleotide maps of some poliovirus type 2 strains isolated from polio cases, while being clearly related to that of the Sabin vaccine type 2 strain, exhibited, nevertheless, marked differences from the reference (vaccine) map. Several large oligonucleotides derived from 4 such strains were subjected to enzymatic sequencing. The results strongly suggest that all of them were intertypic recombinants between the Sabin strains. The 5'-parts of the genomes of these strains were derived from the type 2 vaccine whereas the 3'-parts were of type 1 (in 2 strains) or type 3 (in other 2 strains) origin.     

Immunoprophylaxis of poliomyelitis in Ukraine with the use of inactivated vaccine

In connection with the cessation of the circulation of "wild" poliovirus on the territory of the European region, including Ukraine, the strategy of the vaccinal prophylaxis of poliomyelitis is reviewed. Its main aims are the creation of a high level of the specific protection of the population, the prophylaxis of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis and a decrease in the intensity of the circulation vaccine polioviruses. These aims may be achieved only by the inclusion of vaccinations with inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) into the immunization schedule. IPV "Imovax Polio" produced by the firm "Aventis Pasteur" (France) has been shown to have low reactogenicity and high effectiveness, especially with respect to type 3 poliovirus, under the conditions of Ukraine. On the basis of our studies all children, starting from the age of 3 months, are recommended to be vaccinated first with two injections of IPV, followed by further immunization with oral vaccine.     

Indicators of immunity in children vaccinated with live poliomyelitis vaccine]

Serological examination of 1057 children, residents of Leningrad, vaccinated with poliomyelitis vaccine at the appropriate calendar dates according to the scheme, showed the presence of antibodies to the polioviruses in 81.5-99.1% of the cases. There were more serologically negative children against the virus type III, and much less--against the virus type II. The value of the mean geometrical titres somewhat decreased with the advance of the children's age and the time lapse after the vaccination and revaccination. The greatest antibody titres determined were against the poliovirus type II, and the least--against type III. No antibodies against the viruses of types I and III were revealed in case of deficiency against the poliovirus type II. The number of children with the absence of antibodies against the poliovirus of all the types was insignificant.     

Immunogenicity of a chromatographically concentrated influenza vaccine

The immunogenicity of the Czechoslovak-made commercial vaccine Adinvira as well as that of the chromatographically concentrated vaccine Leningrad of Soviet origin was evaluated in an immunization project. The both vaccines were well tolerated after administration, the Soviet-made Leningrad brand featuring greater efficiency in eliciting an antibody response against influenza virus haemagglutinin.     

Method to sensitize bacterial spores to subsequent killing by dry heat or ultraviolet irradiation

Hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet irradiation are known to interact synergistically for killing of bacterial spores. Synergy could be demonstrated with spores of Bacillus megaterium ATCC19213 adsorbed to filter paper strips or glass coverslips treated first with the peroxide and then dried for as long as 48 h prior to UV irradiation. This delayed action was considered to be due to absorption of the peroxide by the spores in an active but not readily vaporized form, which could become sporicidal also if the spores were heated to 50 degrees C. B. megaterium spores mixed with 0.1% (32.6 mM) H(2)O(2) solution appeared to absorb as much as 15 micromol/mg dry weight or about 0.5 mg/mg, but only a third to half of the peroxide could be recovered by water washing. A part of the unrecovered peroxide was degraded in reactions resulting in measurable production of oxygen. Degradation was not reduced by heating the spores to 65 degrees C or by azide and so appeared to be non-enzymatic. Spores of the anaerobe Clostridium sporogenes were also sensitized to ultraviolet killing by H(2)O(2) treatment followed by drying. They appear to absorb less peroxide, only about 2 micromol/mg, but had lower capacities to degrade H(2)O(2) so that nearly all of the peroxide could be recovered by washing with water. The findings presented should be helpful in the design of new methods for synergistic killing of spores by H(2)O(2) and UV irradiation or dry heat, especially involving, for example, packaging materials.     

伤寒结合疫苗免疫原性和动物安全性研究

伤寒V i多糖与白喉类毒素(DT)蛋白以己二酰肼(ADH)作连接臂,在碳二亚胺(EDAC)的作用下结合成V i-DT结合物,进行抗原性、免疫原性和动物安全性试验。结果显示,3批结合物抗体阳转率均为100%,加强免疫一针后GMT值明显升高(p<0.001),免疫剂量以0.75μg/只抗体增长最为明显,甚至以低剂量0.375μg/只仍能获得较高的抗体滴度,多项动物试验证明该结合物是安全的。显示V i-DT结合物有很好的动物安全性和免疫原性,为临床试验提供实验室依据。     

Apparent antimutagenic effect of ultraviolet irradiation

Strain SL3367 is a S. typhimurium LT2 hisG46 stock which spontaneously reverts to His⁺ at a high frequency. Plates of defined medium with 1% (v/v) nutrient broth inoculated with ca. 10⁸ washed SL3367 cells were incubated, untreated or after UV irradiation. After 2 days at 37°C, an average of 165 His⁺ colonies were obtained per control plate but significantly fewer, 105 His⁺ colonies, on plates irradiated at a fluence of 7 J/m². The dry weight of bacteria in washings from plates incubated 14 h (by which time growth of His^? cells had ceased) was the same for irradiated and non-irradiated plates but the yield of colony-forming units from irradiated plates was less than from control plates, by about the same factor as the reduction in yield of His⁺ colonies caused by the same fluence. Washings from incubated irradiated plates, but not those from control plates, contained long filaments as well as bacteria of normal size; on transfer to nutrient-agar slide cultures cells normal size grew into microcolonies but filaments did not grow. The reduced plateau yield of viable His^? cells caused by consumption of much of the growth-limiting supply of histidine by irradiated cells growing into non-viable filaments reduces the number of auxotrophic bacteria at risk for spontaneous reversion and so accounts for the apparent antimutagenic effect of UV irradiation. This effect was partly reversed by the presence of d,l-pantoyl lactone in the selection medium, and was also observed for yield of Trp⁺ colonies from trpE8 cultures with a high spontaneous reversion rate. Treatments not inducing cell filamentation did not result in the depression of spontaneous revertants and were detected as being mutagenic. The apparent antimutagenic effect may be expected for reversion of any auxotroph, unless masked by induced revertants and is particularly apparent in an auxotroph which reverts spontaneously at high frequency.