二氢杨梅素通过下调JNK信号拮抗高糖诱导的PC12细胞凋亡

本文探讨二氢杨梅素(dihydromyricetin,DHM)是否通过下调JNK信号拮抗高糖诱导的PC12细胞凋亡.使用四甲基偶氮唑盐法(MTT)检测PC12细胞活力;流式细胞仪检测PC12细胞早、晚期凋亡及死亡细胞率;Hoechst 33258染色观察凋亡细胞核变化;蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)检测PC12细胞凋亡相关蛋白(Bax、Bcl-2、cleaved-Caspase-3)和p-JNK蛋白的表达.结果发现,不同浓度的葡萄糖(4.5、9.0、13.5、18.0 g/L)分别处理PC12细胞24、48、72、96 h后,发现浓度为13.5 g/L的高糖处理PC12细胞72 h可明显改变细胞形态、降低细胞活力、增加细胞凋亡率,同时促凋亡蛋白(Bax、Caspase-3)表达增加、抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达降低,提示:长时间高糖处理可诱导PC12细胞凋亡.DHM(15μmol/L)预处理能明显改善高糖诱导的PC12细胞凋亡,降低高糖诱导的PC12细胞中JNK和p-JNK蛋白的表达;进一步用JNK激动剂(茴香霉素)处理能取消DHM对高糖诱导PC12细胞凋亡的保护作用.综上,得出结论:DHM通过下调JNK信号拮抗高糖诱导的PC12细胞凋亡.     

高糖通过诱导自噬障碍促进心肌细胞H9c2凋亡

目的探讨自噬对高糖（HG）诱导的心肌细胞H9c2凋亡的影响。 方法MTT法检测H9c2细胞活力;hoechst33258染色法检测凋亡细胞;Western Blot检测H9c2细胞促凋亡蛋白Bax和自噬相关蛋白（Beclin-1和P62）的表达。各组的OD值和蛋白条带灰度值均采用析因设计的方差分析,各组间差异用单因素ANOVA分析。 结果HG能诱导H9c2细胞活力降低：12、24、48 mmol/L的HG细胞活力分别为Control组（100%）的[（79.5±2.23）%]（t = 3.143,P = 0.043）、[（54.6±3.08）%]（t = 12.425,P = 0.000）和[（37.2±2.59）%]（t = 13.761,P = 0.000）;与Control组（100%）比较,甘露醇等渗对照组的细胞活力值为[（101.0±1.27）%]（t = 0.012,P = 0.094）。HG诱导H9c2细胞hoechst33258阳性细胞增加,且能诱导促凋亡蛋白Bax表达增加：与Control组比较,12、24、48 mmol/L的HG处理组凋亡蛋白Bax/β-actin灰度值分别为（1.29±0.25,t = 2.32,P = 0.045）、（1.42±0.23,t = 10.247,P = 0.000）和（1.81±0.29,t = 16.324,P = 0.000）。HG诱导自噬障碍：与Control组比较,自噬相关蛋白Beclin-1/β-actin灰度值分别为（0.82±0.16,t = 4.243,P = 0.032）、（0.78±0.19,t = 11.341,P = 0.000）和（0.62±0.11,t = 13.455,P = 0.000）,P62蛋白/β-actin蛋白灰度值分别为（1.29±0.25,t = 4.442,P = 0.014）、（1.42±0.23,t = 13.341,P = 0.000）和（1.81±0.29,t = 15.851,P = 0.000）。自噬诱导剂雷帕霉素可逆转HG诱导的hoechst33258阳性细胞增加,且逆转HG诱导的Bax表达升高：与control组比较,HG组、HG和雷帕霉素共处理组、雷帕霉素组的Bax/β-actin灰度值分别为（1.51±0.31,t = 14.342,P = 0.000）、（1.42±0.23,t = 9.621,P = 0.004）和（1.81±0.12,t = 0.172,P = 0.124）。 结论HG可促进心肌细胞H9c2凋亡,且能诱导自噬障碍,自噬诱导剂的运用逆转了HG对H9c2细胞的凋亡作用,表明自噬障碍是HG诱导H9c2细胞凋亡的重要机制。     

二氢杨梅素对高脂饮食诱导的小鼠肥胖的影响及其机制

目的:观察二氢杨梅素(DHM)对高脂饮食诱导小鼠肥胖的影响,并探讨其作用机制是否与促进WAT棕色化有关。方法:60只c57bl/6j小鼠随机分为6组(n=10):①正常对照组(ND组):普通饲料喂养、②正常对照+低剂量DHM组(ND+L-DHM组):普通饲料喂养同时用低剂量DHM(125 mg/(kg·d))处理、③正常对照+高剂量DHM组(ND+H-DHM组):普通饲料喂养同时用高剂量DHM(250 mg/(kg·d))处理、④高脂饮食组(HFD):高脂饲料喂养、⑤高脂饮食+低剂量DHM组(HFD+L-DHM组):高脂饲料喂养同时用低剂量DHM处理、⑥高脂饮食+高剂量DHM组(HFD+H-DHM组):高脂饲料喂养同时用高剂量DHM处理。16周后小鼠空腹过夜,取血测空腹血糖和血脂,随后处死动物,测体长,算出Lee's指数;取肩胛下、腹股沟和附睾处脂肪组织称重后,甲醛固定、HE染色观察脂肪细胞大小,免疫组化检测解偶联蛋白1(UCP1)的表达;实验期间每4周测一次小鼠体重。结果:与ND组相比较,HFD组小鼠体重显著升高,提示肥胖小鼠模型复制成功。此外,HFD组小鼠体脂重量、脂肪细胞直径、Lee's指数和血糖显著增加、脂肪细胞UCP1的表达升高;使用L-DHM和H-DHM处理HFD小鼠后,体脂重量、脂肪细胞直径、Lee's指数和血糖等指标显著逆转,而脂肪细胞UCP1的表达升高更为显著;但L-DHM和H-DHM对正常小鼠上述指标无显著影响。结论:二氢杨梅素抑制高脂饮食诱导的小鼠肥胖,其机制可能与促进WAT棕色化有关。     

PUMA对高糖诱导的大鼠H9C2心肌细胞凋亡的作用及机制

目的:观察促凋亡蛋白p53上调凋亡调控因子(PUMA)在高糖所致H9C2心肌细胞凋亡中的作用及机制。方法:H9C2心肌细胞随机分为对照组(使用5.5mmol/L葡萄糖作用于细胞)和高糖组(使用35 mmol/L葡萄糖作用于细胞,HG组)分别刺激6 h, 12 h, 24 h和48 h,每组设复孔5个,TUNEL染色检测细胞凋亡率;RT-PCR及Western blot法分别测定PUMA mRNA及蛋白表达情况;JC-1法检测线粒体膜电位;Western blot测定caspase-3表达和细胞色素c(Cyt C)释放。H9C2细胞随机分为四组,对照组、高糖(35 mmol/L)、HG+si-scramble组(使用si-scramble转染心肌细胞24 h,使用35mmol/L葡萄糖作用于细胞)和Si-PUMA组(使用si-PUMA转染心肌细胞24 h,使用35mmol/L葡萄糖作用于细胞),观察抑制PUMA表达对高糖诱导细胞凋亡率、线粒体膜电位、Cyt C的影响。结果:与对照组相比,高糖刺激心肌细胞组TUNEL染色阳性率、活化caspase-3和PUMA表达明显升高(P<0.0...     

二氢杨梅素硬脂酸酯的合成及其抗油脂氧化特性研究

二氢杨梅素是药食两用植物———藤茶中的主体活性成分,具有很好的水溶性抗氧化作用,但其难溶于油的特性限制了其在油脂上的应用。本研究通过对其化学修饰,制备了既能溶于油脂又具有较好抗氧化作用的二氢杨梅素硬脂酸酯。     

波动性高糖对乳鼠心肌细胞肥大的影响

目的 探讨波动性糖环境对体外培养的乳鼠心肌细胞肥大的影响.方法 取出生后2天SD大鼠乳鼠心脏,采用胶原酶消化法获取心肌细胞,进行心肌细胞原代培养.常规培养心肌细胞72h,待细胞搏动良好,将其随机分为3组:①对照组:给予稳定的糖浓度(5.5mmol/L);②高糖组:给予稳定高糖浓度(25.5mmol/L);③波动性糖组:波动性糖浓度为5.5mmol/L和25.5mmol/L,每12h交替,其他培养条件保持一致.Bradford法检测各组细胞总蛋白质含量;计算机细胞图像分析系统测量单个细胞的体积;采用3H-亮氨酸掺入法,用液闪仪测定心肌细胞蛋白质合成速率.结果 1.高糖组和波动性糖组与对照组相比心肌细胞蛋白含量均增加,波动性糖组与高糖组相比二者增加的数值相近.2.高糖组和波动性糖组与对照组相比心肌细胞体积均有明显增加.3.高糖组与波动性糖组与对照组相比均有蛋白合成的增加.波动性糖组与高糖组相比没有显著性差异.结论 波动性糖有促进心肌细胞肥大的作用,其作用强度与单纯性高糖相仿.在糖尿病心肌病中,波动性糖也是引起心肌细胞肥大、心肌顺应性下降的原因之一.提示临床治疗糖尿病患者时,除了要控制血糖防止血糖过高,而且还要保持血糖的稳定,减少血糖波动所导致的心肌损害.     

二氢杨梅素对2型糖尿病小鼠认知功能障碍的影响

目的：观察二氢杨梅素（DHM）对2型糖尿病（T2DM）小鼠认知功能障碍及海马中BDNF蛋白表达的影响。方法：将40只C57BL/6J小鼠首先随机分为两组：正常对照组（n=8）：普通饲料喂养;2型糖尿病模型组（n=32）：高糖高脂联合100 mg/kg的STZ处理（造模过程中死亡5只,不成功3只）。24只建模成功的小鼠随机分成3组：T2DM组、T2DM+L-DHM组和T2DM+H-DHM组,3组小鼠高糖高脂喂养,同时分别用等体积生理盐水、125 mg/（kg·d）的DHM和250 mg/（kg·d）的DHM （1次/天,灌胃）处理16周。正常对照小鼠继续普通饲料喂养,同时用等体积生理盐水（1次/天,灌胃）处理16周。16周后测定小鼠体重、空腹血糖、进行腹腔注射葡萄糖耐量实验和相关行为学实验。最后,Western blot检测各组小鼠海马中BDNF蛋白的表达。结果：高糖高脂联合100 mg/kg的STZ成功建立2型糖尿病小鼠模型。16周后,与正常对照组相比,T2DM组小鼠体重明显下降,空腹血糖显著升高,糖耐量显著异常;而T2DM+DHM组相比T2DM组小鼠体重却显著增加、空腹血糖降低,且H-DHM可显著改善T2DM小鼠糖耐量异常。行为学实验结果显示：与正常对照组相比,T2DM组小鼠学习记忆能力明显下降;与T2DM组相比,T2DM+DHM组小鼠学习记忆能力得到改善,且H-DHM组更为明显。Western blot结果显示：与对照组相比,T2DM组小鼠海马中BDNF蛋白表达显著下降,而DHM组相比T2DM组小鼠其BDNF蛋白的表达明显增加。结论：二氢杨梅素可改善2型糖尿病小鼠认知功能障碍,其机制可能通过降血糖作用,并激活海马中BDNF蛋白表达。     

二氢杨梅素结构修饰及生物活性研究进展

二氢杨梅素是一种二氢黄酮醇,具有抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤以及保肝护肝等多种生物活性。由于其结构中的6个羟基导致其脂溶性差及生物利用度低,因此对其进行结构修饰以期提高生物利用度和生物活性。本文综述了二氢杨梅素的化学法结构修饰及其生物活性等研究工作,化学修饰方法涉及醚化反应、酯化反应和金属配合物等方法,合成的衍生物具有抗病毒、抗菌、抗氧化、神经保护以及抑制肿瘤细胞增殖等活性,并且提出二氢杨梅素结构修饰过程中存在的挑战及发展方向,为更好地开发二氢杨梅素衍生物提供技术服务。     

植物黄酮二氢杨梅素的提纯及结晶形态研究

显齿葡萄属植物富含黄酮物质。研究对显齿葡萄黄酮提取物二氢杨梅素的提纯及结晶态进行了初步探讨。结果表明:以水作为结晶溶剂进行多次重结晶,可有效去除植物黄酮提取物的杂质,总黄酮含量由原来的86%提高至96.5%。二氢杨梅素在水相中的结晶态多为针状结晶,水相保温结晶呈放射性棒状结晶。在pH4.5的条件下,其溶解度最低可获得较高的回收率。     

二氢杨梅素抑制人乳腺癌细胞侵袭和下调MMP-2/-9蛋白表达研究

藤茶活性成分二氢杨梅素(3, 5, 7, 3′, 4′, 5′-六羟基-2, 3-二氢黄酮醇,DMY)体外对几种癌细胞具有抗增殖作用,但机制尚未完全清楚．本文研究DMY对人高转移型乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞侵袭的影响,并探讨可能的机制．用MTT法检测DMY对MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖抑制率;明胶酶谱分析明胶酶活力;基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-2/-9)的基因表达水平和蛋白质表达水平分别利用实时定量PCR和Western blot分析进行检测．Transwell模型检测DMY对肿瘤细胞侵袭的影响．结果显示,DMY以剂量依赖方式抑制MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖,作用48 h的IC50为73.6 mg/L．DMY显著抑制明胶酶活性和MMP-2/-9蛋白表达,并抑制MMP-2/-9 的mRNA表达水平．此外,DMY不依赖细胞毒作用和以剂量依赖方式抑制MDA- MB-231细胞的侵袭．这些结果提示：DMY能显著抑制人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞的侵袭和增殖, 其侵袭抑制的机制可能与其下调MMP-2/-9蛋白表达水平相关．     

类叶升麻苷通过上调miR-204对缺氧/复氧诱导H9C2细胞凋亡的抑制作用

目的探讨类叶升麻苷对缺氧/复氧（H/R）处理大鼠心肌细胞（H9C2）损伤的影响及其分子机制。 方法体外培养H9C2细胞,H/R （4 h/20 h）建立心肌细胞损伤模型,并采用1、10、100 μmol/L类叶升麻苷,转染miR-204模拟物阴性对照（miR-NC）、转染miR-204模拟物（miR-24）,100 μmol/L类叶升麻苷干预+转染miR-204抑制剂阴性对照、100 μmol/L类叶升麻苷+转染miR-204抑制剂干预H/R细胞。分别进行RT-qPCR、MTT、流式细胞术、Western blot检测miR-204表达水平、细胞活力、细胞凋亡率和相关蛋白表达,利用相应试剂盒检测乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）水平,酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测白细胞介素-6 （IL-6）、白细胞介素-β （IL-β）和肿瘤坏死因子-α （TNF-α）的含量。两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用SNK-q检验。 结果与心肌损伤模型比较,10、100 μmol/L类叶升麻苷的细胞凋亡率[（25.62±1.96）%比（18.17±1.27）%,（11.24±0.57）%]、Bax（0.71±0.05比0.51±0.04、0.29±0.03）、LDH [（243.16±11.31）比（121.22±4.52）,（94.39±2.82）U/g]、MDA [（1.82±0.07）比（1.13±0.04）,（0.92±0.04）nmol/mg]、IL-6 [（121.45±6.18）比（87.16±4.53）,（47.11± 2.24）pg/mL]、IL-1β [（229.82±8.48）比（175.32±8.73）,（113.14±5.63）pg/mL]和TNF-α表达水平[（138.18±6.60）比（92.24±4.04）,（61.53±4.17）pg/mL]降低,Bcl-2 （0.18±0.01比0.35± 0.03、0.52±0.04）、SOD [（18.72±1.26）比（38.81±1.51）,（45.43±1.29）U/mg]和GSH-Px表达水平[（58.74±2.28）比（89.24±2.82）,（94.66±3.05）U/mg]升高（P均< 0.05）;与miR-NC比较,转染miR-204的细胞凋亡率[（24.12±1.12）%比（9.26±0.49）%]、Bax （0.62±0.04比0.25±0.02）、LDH [（229.11±8.47）比（86.32±5.92）U/g]、MDA [（1.75±0.08）比（0.85± 0.05）nmol/mg]、IL-6 [（134.47±7.31）比（55.26±2.13）pg/mL]、IL-1β [（211.14±9.70）比（98.11±3.18）pg/mL]和TNF-α表达水平[（152.92±3.49）比（51.34±2.66）pg/mL]降低,Bcl-2 （0.22±0.01比0.57±0.03）、SOD [（20.92±1.38）比（47.68±1.76）U/mg]和GSH-Px表达水平[（62.65±2.76）比（91.13±3.80）U/mg]升高（P < 0.05）;10、100 μmol/L类叶升麻苷可提高H/R诱导H9C2细胞中miR-204的表达水平（P < 0.05）;且下调miR-204逆转了类叶升麻苷对H/R处理H9C2细胞凋亡、氧化应激和炎症因子的影响。 结论类叶升麻苷可能通过上调miR-204表达缓解H/R诱导的H9C2细胞损伤。     

氧化苦参碱预处理对急性心肌梗死大鼠的保护作用与机制

目的:探讨氧化苦参碱(OMT)对冠脉结扎诱导的急性心肌梗死大鼠的保护作用与机制。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为4组:假手术组、假手术+OMT组、心梗模型组,OMT预处理组(ig给予OMT 100 mg/kg)。给药12小时后,结扎冠状动脉左前降支(LAD)复制大鼠急性心肌梗死模型。8小时后,取大鼠心肌组织,通过TUNEL染色观察大鼠心肌细胞损伤及凋亡情况;收集大鼠血清,检测LDH与CK水平,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH)的活力,丙二醛(MDA)含量,ELISA法分析血清中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的水平。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠的凋亡心肌细胞数明显增加(P0.05),血清CK、LDH水平显著升高(P0.05);同时,血清CAT、SOD与GSH的活性明显降低(P0.001),MDA的含量、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平显著增加(P0.001)。OMT预处理明显减轻了心肌梗死大鼠心肌细胞的损伤和凋亡,降低了其血清MDA含量,IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平,增加了其CAT、SOD与GSH的活性。结论:氧化苦参碱预处理能够显著减轻心肌梗死大鼠的心肌损伤,这可能与其抗炎、抗凋亡与抗氧化损伤作用有关。     

Isoform-specific induction of PKC-epsilon by high glucose protects heart-derived H9c2 cells against hypoxic injury

We investigated which PKC isoforms are involved in high glucose-induced protection against hypoxic injury. Treatment for 48 h with high glucose (22 mM) markedly increased the expression of PKC- epsilon in the particulate fraction (213+/-22.1% of the control) but had no effect on other types of PKC isoforms, suggesting that the high glucose-induced increase in PKC expression is isoform-specific. The mRNA level for PKC- epsilon was also substantially increased, reaching its peak after 4h of high glucose treatment. The high glucose increased PKC-epsilon activity in the particulate fraction up to 183+/-32.2% of the control. During hypoxia, the amount of PKC-epsilon in the particulate fraction was remarkably diminished in the low glucose-treated cells, but remained at a higher level in high glucose-treated cells. The treatment with epsilon V1-2 (10 microM), a specific inhibitor of PKC epsilon, abolished the protective effect of high glucose against hypoxia. These results suggest that isoform-specific induction of PKC-epsilon is involved in high glucose-induced protection against hypoxic injury in heart-derived H9c2 cells.     

Antioxidant responses of Propylaea japonica (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) exposed to high temperature stress

Temperature is one of the most important environmental factors, and is responsible for a variety of physiological stress responses in organisms. Induced thermal stress is associated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation leading to oxidative damage. The ladybeetle, Propylaea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is considered a successful natural enemy because of its tolerance to high temperatures in arid and semi-arid areas in China. In this study, we investigated the effect of high temperatures (35, 37, 39, 41 and 43 °C) on the survival and activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidases (POD), glutathione-S-transferases (GST), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in P. japonica adults. The results indicated that P. japonica adults could not survive at 43 °C. CAT, GST and TAC were significantly increased when compared to the control (25 °C), and this played an important role in the process of antioxidant response to thermal stress. SOD and POD activity, as well as MDA, did not differ significantly at 35 and 37 °C compared to the control; however, there were increased levels of SOD, POD and MDA when the temperature was above 37 °C. These results suggest that thermal stress leads to oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes play important roles in reducing oxidative damage in P. japonica adults. This study represents the first comprehensive report on the antioxidant defense system in predaceous coccinellids (the third trophic level). The findings provide useful information for predicting population dynamics and understanding the potential for P. japonica as a natural enemy to control pest insects under varied environmental conditions.     

Homocysteine induces cell death in H9C2 cardiomyocytes through the generation of peroxynitrite

Homocysteine (HCY) is toxic on blood vessels, but a potential direct toxicity of HCY on the heart is unknown. We addressed this issue by exposing H9C2 cardiomyocytes to HCY (0.1-5 mM) for up to 6 h. At these concentrations, HCY reduced cell viability, induced necrosis and apoptosis and triggered the cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). This was associated with the intracellular generation of the potent oxidant peroxynitrite. Removing peroxynitrite by the decomposition catalyst FeTPPS considerably reduced LDH release, DNA fragmentation, cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP, and restored normal cell morphology. In additional experiments performed in primary rat ventricular cardiomyocytes, HCY (1 mM, 6 h) activated the phosphorylation of the MAP kinases ERK and JNK, two essential stress signaling kinases regulating myocardial apoptosis, hypertrophy and remodeling. These results provide the first demonstration that HCY kills cardiomyocytes through the generation of peroxynitrite and can activate key signaling cascades in the myocardium.     

Propofol protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in cardiac H9c2 cells via Akt activation and Bcl-2 up-regulation

Propofol is a widely used intravenous anesthetic agent with antioxidant properties secondary to its phenol based chemical structure. Treatment with propofol has been found to attenuate oxidative stress and prevent ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat heart. Here, we report that propofol protects cardiac H9c2 cells from hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced injury by triggering the activation of Akt and a parallel up-regulation of Bcl-2. We show that pretreatment with propofol significantly protects against H₂O₂-induced injury. We further demonstrate that propofol activates the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The protective effect of propofol on H₂O₂-induced injury is reversed by PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, which effectively suppresses propofol-induced activation of Akt, up-regulation of Bcl-2, and protection from apoptosis. Collectively, our results reveal a new mechanism by which propofol inhibits H₂O₂-induced injury in cardiac H9c2 cells, supporting a potential application of propofol as a preemptive cardioprotectant in clinical settings such as coronary bypass surgery.     

Hypothermia protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes from H2O2 induced apoptosis

The purpose of our study was to investigate underlying basic mechanisms of hypothermia-induced cardioprotection during oxidative stress in a cardiomyocyte cell culture model. For hypothermic treatment we cooled H9c2 cardiomyocytes to 20 °C, maintained 20 min at 20 °C during which short-term oxidative damage was inflicted with 2 mM H₂O_2, followed by rewarming to 37 °C. Later on, we analyzed lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), caspase-3 cleavage, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial activity, intracellular ATP production, cytoprotective signal molecules as well as DNA damage. Hypothermia decreased H₂O₂ damage in cardiomyocytes as demonstrated in a lower LDH release, less caspase-3 cleavage and less M30 CytoDeath staining. After rewarming H₂O₂ damaged cells demonstrated a significantly higher reduction rate of intracellular ROS compared to normothermic H₂O₂ damaged cardiomyocytes_. This was in line with a significantly greater mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and higher intracellular ATP content in cooled and rewarmed cells. Moreover, hypothermia preserved cell viability by up-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and a reduction of p53 phosphorylation. DNA damage, proven by PARP-1 cleavage and H2AX phosphorylation, was significantly reduced by hypothermia. In conclusion, we could demonstrate that hypothermia protects cardiomyocytes during oxidative stress by preventing apoptosis via inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage.     

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a possible cause of accelerated senescence of mesothelial cells exposed to high glucose

High glucose has been found to accelerate cell senescence in vitro. The exact mechanism of this effect is, however, still poorly understood. In this paper we show that human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) propagated under high (30 mM) glucose were characterized by higher density of DNA double-strand breaks than cells exposed to standard (5 mM) glucose concentration. Under both low and high glucose conditions, the vast majority of DNA damage localized to non-telomeric regions of the genome. Moreover, exposure to high glucose resulted in increased accumulation of lipofuscin, increased production of superoxides and peroxides as well as reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and increased mitochondrial mass. Treatment of cells with the free radical scavenger PBN partially rescued the premature senescence caused by high glucose. Together, these results indicate that high glucose may accelerate senescence of HPMCs by impairing mitochondrial function, resulting in overproduction of reactive oxygen species and extensive DNA damage.     

阿托伐他汀预处理对心肌缺血再灌注损伤大鼠心室重构、炎症反应和氧化应激的影响

目的:研究阿托伐他汀预处理对心肌缺血再灌注损伤大鼠心室重构、炎症反应和氧化应激的影响.方法:选取90只SD级大鼠进行研究,将其随机分成假手术组、缺血再灌注组、阿托伐他汀组,每组30只.假手术组与缺血再灌注组大鼠予以生理盐水(5 mL/d)连续灌胃7d处理,阿托伐他汀组予以阿托伐他汀20 mg/(kg-d)连续灌胃7 d...