共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Neftali Ochoa-Alejo Rafael Ramirez-Malagon 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(6):701-729
Summary Chili pepper is an important horticultural crop that can surely benefit from plant biotechnology. However, although it is
a Solanaceous member, developments in plant cell, tissue, and organ culture, as well as on plant genetic transformation, have
lagged far behind those achieved for other members of the same family, such as tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), and potato (Solanum tuberosum), species frequently used as model systems because of their facility to regenerate organs and eventually whole plants in vitro, and also for their ability to be genetically engineered by the currently available transformation methods. Capsicum members have been shown to be recalcitrant to differentiation and plant regeneration under in vitro conditions, which in turn makes it very difficult or inefficient to apply recombinant DNA technologies via genetic transformation
aimed at genetic improvement against pests and diseases. Some approaches, however, have made possible the regeneration of
chili pepper plants from in vitro-cultured cells, tissues, and organs through organogenesis or embryogenesis. Anther culture has been successfully applied
to obtain haploid and doubledhaploid plants. Organogenic systems have been used for in vitro micropropagation as well as for genetic transformation. Application of both tissue culture and genetic transformation techniques
have led to the development of chili pepper plants more resistant to at least one type of virus. Cell and tissue cultures
have been applied successfully to the selection of variant cells exhibiting increased resistance to abiotic stresses, but
no plants exhibiting the selected traits have been regenerated. Production of capsaicinoids, the hot principle of chili pepper
fruits, by cells and callus tissues has been another area of intense research. The advances, limitations, and applications
of chili pepper biotechnology are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Summary Transfer of genes from heterologous species provides the means of selectively introducing new traits into crop plants and
expanding the gene pool beyond what has been available to traditional breeding systems. With the recent advances in genetic
engineering of plants, it is now feasible to introduce into crop plants, genes that have previously been inaccessible to the
conventional plant breeder, or which did not exist in the crop of interest. This holds a tremendous potential for the genetic
enhancement of important food crops. However, the availability of efficient transformation methods to introduce foreign DNA
can be a substantial barrier to the application of recombinant DNA methods in some crop plants. Despite significant advances
over the past decades, development of efficient transformation methods can take many years of painstaking research. The major
components for the development of transgenic plants include the development of reliable tissue culture regeneration systems,
preparation of gene constructs and efficient transformation techniques for the introduction of genes into the crop plants,
recovery and multiplication of transgenic plants, molecular and genetic characterization of transgenic plants for stable and
efficient gene expression, transfer of genes to elite cultivars by conventional breeding methods if required, and the evaluation
of transgenic plants for their effectiveness in alleviating the biotic and abiotic stresses without being an environmental
biohazard. Amongst these, protocols for the introduction of genes, including the efficient regeneration of shoots in tissue
cultures, and transformation methods can be major bottlenecks to the application of genetic transformation technology. Some
of the key constraints in transformation procedures and possible solutions for safe development and deployment of transgenic
plants for crop improvement are discussed. 相似文献
3.
葡萄基因工程研究进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
植物基因工程技术为培育优良葡萄品种开辟了一条全新而有效的途径。葡萄基因转化受体系统的建立主要包括器官发生途径和胚状体发生途径,建立良好的受体系统是葡萄基因转化成功的关键,遗传转化途径主要有根癌农杆菌介导的遗传转化和基因枪法。概述了迄今国内外葡萄基因工程的研究进展,着重对葡萄基因转化受体系统的建立、转化的方法、转化植株的筛选和检测、影响葡萄基因转化的主要因素等进行了综述,并展望了葡萄基因工程的发展前景。 相似文献
4.
Aleksandra Koźmińska Alina Wiszniewska Ewa Hanus-Fajerska Ewa Muszyńska 《Plant biotechnology reports》2018,12(1):1-14
Avoidance and reduction of soil contamination with heavy metals is one of the most serious global challenges. Nowadays, science offers us new opportunities of utilizing plants to extract toxic elements from the soil by means of phytoremediation. Plant abilities to uptake, translocate, and transform heavy metals, as well as to limit their toxicity, may be significantly enhanced via genetic engineering. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent strategies aimed at the improvement of plant phytoremediation potential using plant transformation and employing current achievements in nuclear and cytoplasmic genome transformation. Strategies for obtaining plants suitable for effective soil clean-up and tolerant to excessive concentrations of heavy metals are critically assessed. Promising directions in genetic manipulations, such as gene silencing and cis- and intragenesis, are also discussed. Moreover, the ways of overcoming disadvantages of phytoremediation using genetic transformation approachare proposed. The knowledge gathered here could be useful for designing new research aimed at biotechnological improvement of phytoremediation efficiency. 相似文献
5.
Newell CA 《Molecular biotechnology》2000,16(1):53-65
Plant transformation has its roots in the research on Agrobacterium that was being undertaken in the early 1980s. The last two decades have seen significant developments in plant transformation
technology, such that a large number of transgenic crop plants have now been released for commercial production. Advances
in the technology have been due to development of a range of Agrobacterium-mediated and direct DNA delivery techniques, along with appropriate tissue culture techniques for regenerating whole plants
from plant cells or tissues in a large number of species. In addition, parallel developments in molecular biology have greatly
extended the range of investigations to which plant transformation technology can be applied. Research in plant transformation
is concentrating now not so much on the introduction of DNA into plant cells, but rather more on the problems associated with
stable integration and reliable expression of the DNA once it has been integrated. 相似文献
6.
Recombinase-directed plant transformation for the post-genomic era 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
Ow DW 《Plant molecular biology》2002,48(1-2):183-200
Plant genomics promises to accelerate genetic discoveries for plant improvements. Machine-driven technologies are ushering in gene structural and expressional data at an unprecedented rate. Potential bottlenecks in this crop improvement process are steps involving plant transformation. With few exceptions, genetic transformation is an obligatory final step by which useful traits are engineered into plants. In addition, transgenesis is most often needed to confirm gene function, after deductions made through comparative genomics, expression profiles, and mutation analysis. This article reviews the use of recombinase systems to deliver DNA more efficiently into the plant genome. 相似文献
7.
Thlaspi caerulescens L. is well known as a Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator. The genetic manipulation of T. caerulescens through transgenic technology can modify plant features for use in phytoremediation. Here, we describe the efficient transformation of T. caerulescens using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring a binary vector pBI121 with the nptII gene as a selectable marker, the gus gene as a reporter and a foreign catalase gene. Based on the optimal concentration of growth regulators, the shoot cluster regeneration system via callus phase provided the basis of the genetic transformation in T. caerulescens. The key variables in transformation were examined, such as co-cultivation period and bacterial suspension density. Optimizing factors for T-DNA delivery resulted in kanamycin-resistant transgenic shoots with transformation efficiency more than 20%, proven by histochemical GUS assay and PCR analysis. Southern analysis of nptII and RT-PCR of catalase gene demonstrated that the foreign genes were integrated in the genome of transformed plantlets. Moreover, the activity of catalase enzyme in transgenic plants was obviously higher than in wild-type plants. This method offers new prospects for the genetic engineering of this important hyperaccumulator species. 相似文献
8.
Monoterpenes, the C(10) isoprenoids, are a large family of natural products that are best known as constituents of the essential oils and defensive oleoresins of aromatic plants. In addition to ecological roles in pollinator attraction, allelopathy and plant defense, monoterpenes are used extensively in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The importance of these plant products has prompted the definition of many monoterpene biosynthetic pathways, the cloning of the relevant genes and the development of genetic transformation techniques for agronomically significant monoterpene-producing plants. Metabolic engineering of monoterpene biosynthesis in the model plant peppermint has resulted in yield increase and compositional improvement of the essential oil, and also provided strategies for manipulating flavor and fragrance production, and plant defense. 相似文献
9.
Plant tissue culture comprises a set of in vitro techniques, methods and strategies that are part of the group of technologies called plant biotechnology. Tissue culture has been exploited to create genetic variability from which crop plants can be improved, to improve the state of health of the planted material and to increase the number of desirable germplasms available to the plant breeder. Tissue-culture protocols are available for most crop species, although continued optimization is still required for many crops, especially cereals and woody plants. Tissueculture techniques, in combination with molecular techniques, have been successfully used to incorporate specific traits through gene transfer. In vitro techniques for the culture of protoplasts, anthers, microspores, ovules and embryos have been used to create new genetic variation in the breeding lines, often via haploid production. Cell culture has also produced somaclonal and gametoclonal variants with crop-improvement potential. The culture of single cells and meristems can be effectively used to eradicate pathogens from planting material and thereby dramatically improve the yield of established cultivars. Large-scale micropropagation laboratories are providing millions of plants for the commercial ornamental market and the agricultural, clonally-propagated crop market. With selected laboratory material typically taking one or two decades to reach the commercial market through plant breeding, this technology can be expected to have an ever increasing impact on crop improvement as we approach the new millenium.D.C.W. Brown is with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, Plant Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada. T.A. Thorpe is with the Plant Physiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada 相似文献
10.
Taming plastids for a green future 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Plant genetic engineering will probably contribute to the required continued increase in agricultural productivity during the coming decades, and moreover, plants can potentially provide inexpensive production platforms for pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. With the advent of technologies for altering the genetic information inside chloroplasts, a new attractive target for genetic engineering has become available to biotechnologists. Potential advantages over conventional nuclear transformation include high transgene expression levels and increased biosafety because of maternal organelle inheritance in most crops. This review summarizes the state of the art in chloroplast genetic engineering and describes how reverse genetics approaches enhance our understanding of photosynthesis and other important chloroplast functions. Furthermore, promising strategies by which chloroplast genetic engineering might contribute to the successful modification of plant metabolism are discussed. 相似文献
11.
近年来,植物遗传转化研究有了长足的发展。已经达到能够通过简单的遗传控制手段研究具有新表现型的植物,甚至达到进入商业化的程度。这些手段包括植物生物学的主要研究技术以及植物组织培养和树种改良的一些实用方法。尽管采用农瘤杆菌和鸟枪法等技术的植物遗传转化系统已经得到了广泛的应用,但是在如何开发具有能够得到控制表达的转基因高产植物方面,在如何使所得到的转基因植物远离遗传危害等方面,目前的转化系统遇到了极大的技术挑战。已经提出了各种各样的方法用于将新基因稳定地导入120多种不同植物的核基因组。本文将讨论这些遗传转化系统所需的生物学要求和实际应用方面的需求、基因转化和转基因表达的研究策略、遗传转化植物的鉴定以及转基因植物与大众的认可。本文将分为七个部分加以讨论:一、导言;二 、基因转化到细胞里的方法;三、植物遗传转化策略;四、植物遗传转化的鉴定;五、植物遗传转化的实际应用;六、转基因植物与环境;七、未来植物遗传转化的需求与发展方向。 相似文献
12.
Benjamin Meyers Adi Zaltsman Benoît Lacroix Stanislav V. KozlovskyAlexander Krichevsky 《Biotechnology advances》2010
Plant genetic engineering is one of the key technologies for crop improvement as well as an emerging approach for producing recombinant proteins in plants. Both plant nuclear and plastid genomes can be genetically modified, yet fundamental functional differences between the eukaryotic genome of the plant cell nucleus and the prokaryotic-like genome of the plastid will have an impact on key characteristics of the resulting transgenic organism. So, which genome, nuclear or plastid, to transform for the desired transgenic phenotype? In this review we compare the advantages and drawbacks of engineering plant nuclear and plastid genomes to generate transgenic plants with the traits of interest, and evaluate the pros and cons of their use for different biotechnology and basic research applications, ranging from generation of commercial crops with valuable new phenotypes to ‘bioreactor’ plants for large-scale production of recombinant proteins to research model plants expressing various reporter proteins. 相似文献
13.
Ornamental Chrysanthemums: Improvement by Biotechnology 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The in vitro tissue culture and micropropagation of chrysanthemums, important floricultural (cut-flower) and ornamental (pot and garden) plants, have been well studied. An increase in genetic transformation studies aimed at improving aesthetic and growth characteristics of the plants has been hampered by low transformation efficiencies and genotype dependence of protocols. As a result chrysanthemum regeneration studies have once again emerged as an essential complement of transformation studies. This review highlights the impact that biotechnology has had on the improvement of chrysanthemum in vitro cell, tissue and organ culture, micropropagation and transformation. 相似文献
14.
Chase CD 《Trends in plant science》2006,11(1):7-9
Cytoplasmic male sterility, conditioned by some maternally inherited plant mitochondrial genomes, is the most expedient method to produce uniform populations of pollen-sterile plants on a commercial scale. Plant mitochondrial genomes are not currently amenable to genetic transformation, but genetic manipulation of the plastid genome allows engineering of maternally inherited traits in some species. A recent study has shown that the Acinetobacter beta-ketothiolase gene, expressed in the Nicotiana tabacum plastid, conditions maternally inherited male sterility, laying the groundwork for new approaches to control pollen fertility in crop plants. 相似文献
15.
抗病原菌植物基因工程进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
植物病原菌给农林生产带来巨大的损失,植物基因工程在培育抗病原菌植物方面是传统育种技术的补充和发展,短短几年,在抗细菌和抗真菌植物基因工程方面出现了一些全新的成功策略,这些范例都是针对病原菌的生理结构、致病机理及与植物的相互关系。本文概括论述了这些策略的基本思路并对其局限性加以探讨。随着植物病理学、植物分子生物学和病原菌分子生物学的研究进展,新的抗性策略将会出现。 相似文献
16.
Luisa Lanfranco 《Theoretical biology forum》2003,96(1):31-54
Plant transformation has had a deep impact on several aspects of basic and applied research. Genetic transformation has offered new opportunities compared to traditional breeding practises since it allows the integration into a host genome of specific sequences leading to a strong reduction of the casualness of gene transfer. One of the first target areas was plant protection against pests, pathogens and environmental stresses while the recent plant engineering programs are aimed at increasing food quality, in particular at increasing nutritional characteristics of food crops. Moreover, transgenic plants, tissue or cell cultures represent an attractive biological system for producing heterologous proteins since they offer economic and qualitative benefits. High yield production can be obtained and large-scale commercial production will take advantage of the existing infrastructure for crop cultivation, processing and storage. There are also qualitative benefits since protein synthesis secretion and post-translational modifications are similar in plants and animal cells. There are no human viral pathogens harboured by plants: thus, especially for pharmaceuticals, plants represent the safer production system. Plant transformation has become an essential instrument also for basic research, in particular for the functional characterisation of genes identified by sequencing of whole genomes. Large collections of insertion mutants have been obtained in the model plant Arabidopsis to provide a high level of genome saturation that means 95% chance of inactivating any gene at least once. To instil greater public confidence in modern plant biotechnology recent advances have already been made to overcome the potential risks for human health and environment. 相似文献
17.
Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in cotton 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system characterized by rapid and continuous production of somatic embryos using leaf and stem explants
of abnormal seedling as an explant have been developed in Gossypium hirsutum L. Embryogenic callus and somatic embryos have been obtained directly from the explants of cotton abnormal seedlings. Plant
growth regulators influenced the induction of cotton somatic embryogenesis. The optimal medium for direct somatic embryogenesis
was modified MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l-1 ZT and 2 g l-1 activated carbon. On this medium, an average of 28.0 and 28.1 matured somatic embryos formed from per leaf and stem explants
respectively. The highest frequency of somatic embryogenesis was 100%. The somatic embryos were converted into normal plantlets
when cultured on modified MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l-1 ZT. Upon transfer to soil, plants grew well and appeared normal. Plants could be regenerated within 60–80 days. The system
of cotton somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration described here will facilitate the application of plant tissue culture
and genetic engineering on cotton genetic improvement.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
19.
Targeting transgene expression in research,agricultural, and environmental applications: Promoters used in plant transformation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary Plant genetic engineering has contributed substantially to the understanding of gene regulation and plant development, in
the generation of transgenic organisms for widespread usage in agriculture, and has increased the potential uses of crops
for industrial and pharmaceutical purposes. As the application of geneticallly engineered plants has widened, so has the need
to develop methods to fine-tune control of transgene expression. The availability of a broad spectrum of promoters that differ
in their ability to regulate the temporal and spatial expression patterns of the transgene can dramatically increase the successful
application of transgenic technology. Indeed, a variety of promoters in necessary at all levels of genetic engineering in
plants, from basic research discoveries, concepts and question to development of economically viable crops and plant commodities,
to addressing legitimate concerns raised about the safety and containment of transgenic plants in the environment. This review
covers the characterization and usage of a broad range of promoters employed in plant genetic engineering, including the widespread
use of plant promoters with viral and plant origin that drive constitutive expression. Also covered are selected tissue-specific
promoters from fruit, seed and grain, tubers, flowers, pistils, anther and pollen, roots and root nodules, and leaves and
green tissue. Topics also include organellar promoters, and those found in specific cell types, as well as the development
and evaluation of inducible (endogenous and exogenous origin) and synthetic plant promoter systems. Discussions on the relevance
and potential pitfalls within specific applications are included. 相似文献
20.
A leaf-based regeneration and transformation system for maize (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Zea mays</Emphasis> L.) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Efficient methods for in vitro propagation, regeneration, and transformation of plants are of pivotal importance to both basic
and applied research. While being the world’s major food crops, cereals are among the most difficult-to-handle plants in tissue
culture which severely limits genetic engineering approaches. In maize, immature zygotic embryos provide the predominantly
used material for establishing regeneration-competent cell or callus cultures for genetic transformation experiments. The
procedures involved are demanding, laborious and time consuming and depend on greenhouse facilities. We have developed a novel
tissue culture and plant regeneration system that uses maize leaf tissue and thus is independent of zygotic embryos and greenhouse
facilities. We report here: (i) a protocol for the efficient induction of regeneration-competent callus from maize leaves
in the dark, (ii) a protocol for inducing highly regenerable callus in the light, and (iii) the use of leaf-derived callus
for the generation of stably transformed maize plants. 相似文献