国内外小型猪实验动物化研究

生命科学研究和生物医药产业的迅猛发展对实验动物,尤其是动物模型提出了越来越高的要求。猪在心血管系统、消化系统、皮肤结构、骨骼发育和营养代谢等方面与人极其相似,因此一直是医学研究的重要动物模型。更是人类异种器官、组织、细胞移植的首选供体。详细介绍了国内外小型猪实验动物化研究进展。     

Immunological study of the occurrence of staphylococci with skin antigens in various experimental animals]

Experiments were conducted on rabbits; primary and secondary administration of staphylococcus vaccine was regularly accompanied by the production of antibodies not only to a staphylococcus antigen, but also of antibodies reacting with an extract of homologous kidneys, myocardium and the skin. The presence in the pathogenic staphylococcus of an antigen affiliated to proteins of the skin and kidneys of rabbits and mice was shown by the method of cross sorption of antistaphylococcus and antiskin sera by a suspension of the staphylococcus or skin antigen with the use of the complement fixation test. Indirect hemagglutination and immunofluorescence. Such antigen was absent in nonpathogenic bacteria isolated from the skin extracts.     

Histochemical study of reverse reactions in experimental leprosy in armadillos

Morphological and histochemical characteristics of reverse reactions in M. leprae-infected armadillos are reviewed. The reverse reactions develop in generalized lepromatous disease and are characterized by a dramatic decrease in mycobacterial macrophage load and the appearance of lymphocytes, epithelioid and giant multinuclear cells with peripheral nucleus distribution. Histochemical investigation has shown a decrease in the activity of redox enzymes and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and an increase in beta-glucuronidase activity. The reverse reactions in the liver are accompanied by hepatic granuloma and hepatocyte destruction.     

Effects of pregnancy on locomotor performance: an experimental study on lizards

Pregnancy is associated with reduced locomotor performance in many types of animals, but we do not know to what degree this correlation is caused by simple physical burdening, versus physiological changes associated with pregnancy, or to confounding variables (such as season or female body size) that simultaneously influence both reproductive investment and locomotor speeds. To identify causal effects of burden on locomotion, we need to experimentally manipulate the size of the load being carried. Injection of sterile fluid into the peritoneal cavities of 84 garden skinks (Lampropholis guichenoti) showed that speeds decreased with increasing burdens. Lizards with a burden equivalent to 25% of their body mass ran about 15% slower, mirroring the situation seen in gravid lizards of this population. Thus, simple physical burdening appears to be the primary causal component of the locomotor cost of reproduction within these animals. A lizard's sex, body size and shape had little effect on its running ability either before or after treatment, but faster lizards showed a greater performance decrement after burdening than did their slower conspecifics.     

Limb length and locomotor biomechanics in the genus Homo: an experimental study

The striking variation in limb proportions within the genus Homo during the Pleistocene has important implications for understanding biomechanics in the later evolution of human bipedalism, because longer limbs and limb segments may increase bending moments about bones and joints. This research tested the hypothesis that long lower limbs and tibiae bring about increases in A-P bending forces on the lower limb during the stance phase of human walking. High-speed 3-D video data, force plates, and motion analysis software were used to analyze the walking gait of 27 modern human subjects. Limb length, as well as absolute and relative tibia length, were tested for associations with a number of kinetic and kinematic variables. Results show that individuals with longer limbs do incur greater bending moments along the lower limb during the first half of stance phase. During the second half of stance, individuals moderate bending moments through a complex of compensatory mechanisms, including keeping the knee in a more extended position. Neither absolute nor relative tibia length had any effect on the kinetic or kinematic variables tested. If these patterns apply to fossil Homo, groups with relatively long limbs (e.g. H. ergaster or early H. sapiens) may have experienced elevated bending forces along the lower limb during walking compared to those with relatively shorter limbs (e.g. the Neandertals). These increased forces could have led to greater reinforcement of joints and diaphyses. These results must be considered when formulating explanations for variation in limb morphology among Pleistocene hominins.