Anthraquinones in Digitalis species

Twenty anthraquinones have been found in the roots of Digitalis trojana of which the following are new: digitopurpone-1-methyl ether, ω-hydroxypacybasin and ω-hydroxyziganein. The biogenesis of the thirty anthraquinones now known in Digitalis s.l. is discussed.     

Naphthalenes and naphthoquinones from Ventilago species

Two new naphthalene derivatives and three naphthoquinones have been found in the root bark of Ventilago maderaspatana. Their structures are 2-acetyl-6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,8-methylenedioxynaphthalene (ventilaginone) and 1,3-dihydro-6,9-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxy-1-methylnaphtho[2,3-c]furan-3-one (ventilagol), 2(2′-acetoxypropyl)-3-hydroxy-5,7,8-trimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (maderone), cordeauxione and isocordeauxione. The root bark of V. calyculata contains 2-methoxystypandrone and 1-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methylxanthone-8-carboxylic acid (calyxanthone).     

Benzisochromanquinones in ventilago species

From the acetone extract of the root bark of Ventilago maderaspatana eight new benzisochromanquinones; ventiloquinones A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H, have been isolated. Ventiloquinones I, J and K are three more new benzisochromanquinones isolated from the root bark of V. calyculata. The majority are 3,4,5,10-tetrahydro-cis-1,3-dimethyl-1H-naphtho[2,3-c]pyran-5,10-quinones related to eleutherin, but F, H, I, J and K are 6,9-quinones related to ventilagone.     

Anthraquinones from Vismia species

1,8-Dihydroxy-3-methyl-6-methoxyanthraquinone (physcion) and two derivatives, 7-(trans-3-methyl-1-butenyl)-physcion (vismiaquinone) and 7-(3-methyl-2-oxobutyl)-physcion (vismiaquinone B), were isolated respectively from Vismia cayennensis and V. japurensis.     

Anthraquinones in callus cultures of Cinchona ledgeriana

From callus cultures of Cinchona ledgeriana seven known anthraquinones, purpurin, anthragallol-1,2-dimethylether, anthragallol-1,3-dimethylether, rubiadin, 1-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylanthraquinone, 1-hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone and morindone-5-methylether (or 1,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-2-methylanthraquinone), and eight new anthraquinones, 5,6-dimethoxy-1-(or -4-)hydroxy-2-(or -3-)hydroxymethylanthraquinone, 5-methoxy-2-(or -3-)methyl-1,4,6-trihydroxyanthraquinone, 2-hydroxy-1,3,4-trimethoxyanthraquinone, 4-methoxy-1,3,5-trihydroxyanthraquinone, 1,4-dimethoxy-2,3-methylenedioxyanthraquinone, 1,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxyanthraquinone, 1,3-dihydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyanthraquinone and 2,5-(or 3,5-)dihydroxy-1,3,4-(or -1,2,4-)trimethoxyanthraquinone have been isolated.     

Two anthraquinones from Ventilago calyculata

Two new anthraquinones have been isolated from the root bark of ventilago calyculata and their structures shown to be 2,4,8-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone and 2,4,8-trihydroxy-1,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-anthraquinone.     

Anthraquinones from the Genus cortinarius

The anthraquinones 6-methylxanthopurpurin-3-methyl ether, xanthorin, and 1,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-7-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone (austrocortinin) have been isolated from fruit bodies of a red Australian toadstool belonging to the genus Cortinarius; austrocortinin is reported for the first time as a natural product.     

Rhamnazin- und rhamnetin-3-O-trioside aus Rhamnus petiolaris

From the fruits of Rhamnus petiolaris two new flavonol-3-O-triosides were isolated and identified as rhamnazin-3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 6)]-β-d-galactopyranoside and rhamnetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 2)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 6)]-β-d-galactopyranoside, respectively.     

Peptide alkaloids of Scutia buxifolia

Two new components, the peptide alkaloid scutianine D and scutianene C have been isolated from Scutia buxifolia and their structures elucidated. The configuration of some of the asymmetric centers of scutianine A has been determined by gas chromatography.     

Naphthoquinone-lactones and extended quinones from Ventilago calyculata

New quinones have been isolated from the root bark of Ventilago calyculata. Ventilatones A and B are benzisochromanquinones, related to the ventiloquinones, which have an additional fused lactone ring while ventileins A and B are benzisochroman dimers having a dihydroxy-peri-xanthenoxanthenequinone chromophore.     

A new peptide alkaloid from Discaria crenata

The structure of a new peptide alkaloid, crenatine A isolated from Discaria crenata, has been elucidated.     

Sesquiterpene lactones,flavonoids and anthraquinones from Asphodeline globifera and Asphodeline Damascena

The known compounds chrysoeriol, apigenin, luteolin, acacetin, scutellarein, 6-methoxyluteolin, apigenin 7-glucoside, luteolin 7-glucoside, esculetin, chrysophanol, asphodeline, mircocarpin, sitosterol, 1-β-acetoxyeudesman-4(15),7(11)dien-2α,12-olide and 1-β-acetoxy-8β-hydroxyeudesman-4(15),7(11)-dien-8α,12-olide were isolated from Asphodeline globifera and A. damascena. A new sesquiterpene lactone 1-β-acetoxy-8β-ethoxyeudesman-4(15),7(11)dien-8α, 12-olide was also characterized. These are the first reports of sesquiterpene lactones in Asphodeline and in the Liliaceae.     

New peptide alkaloids from Hovenia dulcis and H. tomentella

From the root bark of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. and H. tommentella (Makino) Nakai (Rhamnaceae), three peptide alkaloids, frangulanine, hovenins-A and -B have been isolated. Hovenin-A has been shown to be des-N-methylfrangulanine (II).     

Peptide alkaloids of Discaria longispina and Scutia buxifolia

The minor alkaloids of Discaria longispina have been shown to be the known compounds adouetine Y' and frangufoline. Scutianine B and the new alkalo     

Triterpenoids of Colletia spinosissima

The neutral components from the stems of Colletia spinosissima Gmel. include lupenone, sitosterol lupeol, daucosterine. Acid hydrolysis of the glycoside fraction afforded ethyl sinapate and two homologous degradation products from the corresponding sapogenins. Mild hydrolysis of the glycoside fraction afforded the intact sapogenins, which have been tentatively assigned the structures (VIIb) and (VIIIb). The chemistry of the latter compounds has been explored.     

人工栽培唐古特大黄中蒽醌含量水平的分析

采用醋酸镁比色法测定青海省不同海拔种植基地中栽培唐古特大黄的总蒽醌含量,并和野生大黄药材进行了比较。结果表明,在海拔较高地区栽培的二、三年生唐古特大黄中,其总蒽醌含量均明显高于较低海拔地区栽培的同龄唐古特大黄,3年生人工栽培大黄总蒽醌含量只有野生大黄药材的一半左右。     

Faralatroside and faratroside,two flavonol triglycosides from Colubrina faralaotra

Two new flavonol triosides have been isolated from the leaves of Colubrina faralaotra (Rhamnaceae) and their structures elucidated as kaempferol-3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-4″′-O-acetyl-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-galactopyranoside] and the corresponding quercetin analogue mainly by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy (including T₁, measurements).     

The structure of jujubosides A and B,the saponins isolated from the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba

Stepwise chemical and enzymatic hydrolyses of jujubosides A and B, the saponins of the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba, afforded prosapogenins I, II and III. The sequence and configuration of the sugar linkages in the saponins and the pro-sapogenins were determined from the PMR data and the application of Klyne's rule of molecular rotations and structures were assigned to jujubosides A and B.