Maresin Biosynthesis and Identification of Maresin 2, a New Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Resolving Mediator from Human Macrophages

Maresins are a new family of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators biosynthesized from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by macrophages. Here we identified a novel pro-resolving product, 13R,14S-dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (13R,14S-diHDHA), produced by human macrophages. PCR mapping of 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) mRNA sequence in human macrophages and platelet showed that they are identical. This human 12-LOX mRNA and enzyme are expressed in monocyte-derived cell lineage, and enzyme expression levels increase with maturation to macrophages or dendritic cells. Recombinant human 12-LOX gave essentially equivalent catalytic efficiency (k_cat/K_M) with arachidonic acid (AA) and DHA as substrates. Lipid mediator metabololipidomics demonstrated that human macrophages produce a novel bioactive product 13,14-dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid in addition to maresin-1, 7R,14S-dihydroxy-4Z,8E,10E,12Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (MaR1). Co-incubations with human recombinant 12-LOX and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) demonstrated that biosynthesis of 13,14-dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (13,14-diHDHA) involves the 13S,14S-epoxy-maresin intermediate produced from DHA by 12-LOX, followed by conversion via soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). This new 13,14-diHDHA displayed potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions, and at 1 ng reduced neutrophil infiltration in mouse peritonitis by ∼40% and at 10 pM enhanced human macrophage phagocytosis of zymosan by ∼90%. However, MaR1 proved more potent than the 13R,14S-diHDHA at enhancing efferocytosis with human macrophages. Taken together, the present findings demonstrate that macrophages produced a novel bioactive product identified in the maresin metabolome as 13R,14S-dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid, from DHA via conversion by human 12-LOX followed by sEH. Given its potent bioactions, we coined 13R,14S-diHDHA maresin 2 (MaR2).     

中期因子在肿瘤发生和组织再生中的作用

中期因子(midkine,MK）是一种肝素结合性生长因子.在胚胎期,MK在组织中广泛分布.在成人体内其表达降低,仅局限于某些特定部位.MK受体种类繁多,信号通路复杂多样,这就决定了MK功能的多样化,它能促进很多种类细胞的生长、存活、分化和迁移,具有抗细胞凋亡的作用,不仅与肿瘤发生密切相关,而且在很多组织的发育形成及损伤后的修复再生过程均有参与.MK已成为恶性肿瘤在内的多种疾病治疗中颇具前景的分子靶点.本文中对MK的基因及蛋白结构、受体及相关信号通路、分子功能及作用机制等进行了全面的综述,并对其在肿瘤发生和发育与组织再生等方面的生物学功能及研究意义进行了深入的探讨.     

纳米硅酸镁锂在组织再生中的应用*

因外伤、肿瘤和先天发育异常等导致的组织缺损会严重影响患者的生理功能和心理健康。组织再生修复过程复杂,随着年龄的增长,机体本身再生修复的能力逐渐减弱,缺损组织的修复多以纤维结构混乱的瘢痕修复为主。硅酸镁锂(laponite,LAP)因其独特的纳米层状结构和表面电化学特点,能够与多种生物分子和药物相互作用,展现了较好的细胞相容性和生物活性,已被广泛应用于组织再生生物材料的功能化改性。综述LAP的性质特点及其在组织再生修复领域的应用,以期推进LAP研究成果更好地向临床转化。     

Upregulation of TPX2 by STAT3: Identification of a Novel STAT3 Binding Site

TPX2, a protein involved in mitosis, is considered a good marker for actively proliferating tissues, highly expressed in a number of cancer cells. We show the presence of high-affinity binding site for STAT3 in the 5′-flanking region of the Tpx2 gene, which is in vivo bound by activated STAT3. A specific STAT3 peptide inhibitor represses the expression of the Tpx2 gene and inhibits the binding of STAT3 to its consensus sequence in human cell lines where STAT3 is activated. These results indicate that activated STAT3 contributes to the over-expression of Tpx2 through the binding to an enhancer site.     

白蜡树属植物的组织培养和植株再生

从形态发生的不同途径,就有关白蜡树属植物的器官发生、腋芽增殖和体细胞胚胎发生植株再生,以及每一形态发生的培养过程和影响因素的研究进展作了介绍和展望.     

3D生物打印在软骨修复中的应用*

关节软骨损伤后的自我修复是医学界一直在研究和探讨的难题。3D生物打印技术可以精准的分配载细胞生物材料,构建复杂的三维活体组织,在优化软骨缺损修复组织的内部结构、机械性能以及生物相容性上有很大优势,因此近年来成为软骨修复组织工程领域的研究热点。重点介绍了软骨生物3D生物打印的最新进展,包括软骨生物打印“墨水”材料的选择、种子细胞的来源以及3D生物打印技术的发展。此外,还阐述了3D生物打印技术在组织工程学应用上的部分局限性,并对其在软骨修复领域的发展与应用进行了预测。     

芥蓝组织培养及再生体系的建立

以黄花芥蓝的子叶、子叶柄和带柄子叶为外植体,在不同的BAP和NAA浓度的组合诱导下,获得再生植株.研究结果表明,在测试激素浓度下,带柄子叶为外植体的再生率最一致,其最适BAP和NAA浓度分别为3.0mg/L和1.0mg/L;较低浓度的BAP和NAA有利于子叶再生,其最适BAP和NAA浓度分别为2.0mg/L和1.0mg/L;子叶柄只有在较高的BAP和NAA浓度下才能再生,但再生率依然很低.     

鲁梅克斯的组织培养和植株再生

1植物名称鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模(Rumexpatientia×Rumex tianschanicus). 2材料类别幼嫩花序. 3培养条件培养基为:(1)诱导和增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 1 mg·L-1(单位下同);(2)生根培养基:1/2MS NAA 0.2.培养基(1)、(2)附加200 mg·L-1水解酪蛋白、30 g·L-1蔗糖、6.5g·L-1琼脂,pH 5.8～6.0,120℃灭菌20 min.培养温度为(26±2)℃,光照8～10 h·d-1,光照度为800～1000lx.     

Identification of a Deubiquitinating Enzyme as a Novel AGS3-Interacting Protein

Activator of G protein Signaling 3 (AGS3) is a receptor-independent G protein activator that has been implicated in multiple biological events such as brain development, neuroplasticity and addiction, cardiac function, Golgi structure/function, macroautophagy and metabolism. However, how AGS3 is regulated is little known. We demonstrate here that AGS3 interacts with a ubiquitin specific protease USP9x, and this interaction is at least partially mediated through the C-terminal G protein regulatory domain of AGS3. Knockdown of USP9x causes a moderate reduction in the level of AGS3. In contrast, overexpression of either USP9x or its deubiquitinating domain UCH increases the amount of AGS3, whereas expression of the mutant UCH domain that lacks deubiquitinating activity does not have the same effect. As previously observed in AGS3 knockdown cells, the localization of several marker proteins of the late Golgi compartments is disturbed in cells depleted of USP9x. Taken together, our study suggests that USP9x can modulate the level of a subpopulation of AGS3, and this modulation plays a role in regulating the structure of the late Golgi compartments. Finally, we have found that levels of AGS3 and USP9x are co-regulated in the prefrontal cortex of rats withdrawn from repeated cocaine treatment. In conjunction with the above data, this observation indicates a potential role of USP9X in the regulation of the AGS3 level during cocaine-induced neuroplasticity.     

杂种鸢尾的组织培养和植株再生

1　植物名称　杂种鸢尾 (Irishybrids)。2　材料类别　茎尖 (stemapex)。3　培养条件　基本培养基为MS培养基。 ( 1 )诱导愈伤组织培养基 :MS + 6 BA 1 .5mg·L- 1 (单位下同 ) +NAA 0 .1 ;( 2 )诱导分化培养基 :MS + 6 BA1 .0 +NAA 0 .5 ;( 3)丛芽增殖培养基 ) :MS + 6 BA1 .0 +KT 2 .0 +NAA 0 .1 ;( 4 )生根培养基 :MS +6 BA 0 .1 +NAA 0 .5。以上培养基均加 0 .7%琼脂、3%蔗糖 ,pH5 .8。培养温度为 ( 2 5± 1 )℃ ,光照度2 0 0 0lx ,光照 1 2h·d- 1 。4　生长与分化情况4.1　愈伤组织的诱导　取生长旺盛、无病虫害的幼小…     

地椒的组织培养及植株再生

1　植物名称　地椒 (Ｔｈｙｍｕｓｑｕｉｎｑｕｅｃｏｓｔａｔｕｓ) ,别名百里香 ,也有名为地姜 (甘肃、山西 )、地椒叶 (陕西 )、地角花 (河北 )的。2　材料类别　野生植株带腋芽的茎段。3　培养条件　丛芽诱导及增殖培养基 :( 1 )ＭＳ ＩＡＡ 0 .1ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 )     

大野芋的组织培养和植株再生

1植物名称 大野芋(Colocasia gigantea). 2材料类别 叶片、叶柄和嫩茎(带腋芽更好). 3培养条件 以MS为基本培养基.(1)丛生芽诱导培养基:MS NAA 0.1 mg·L-1(单位下同) 6-BA1.0;(2)壮苗培养基:MS NAA 0.1 6-BA 0.1;(3)生根培养基:MS NAA 1.0.上述培养基均加0.75％琼脂和3％葡萄糖，pH为6.0.培养温度(25 2)℃，光照度2 500～4000lx，光照时间12～14h·d-1，空气相对湿度80％左右.     

毛叶枣的组织培养及植株再生

1　植物名称　毛叶枣 (Ｚｉｚｉｐｈｕｓｍｕａｒｉ ｔｉａｎａ) ,别名印度枣、缅枣、西西果等 ,广东、海南、福建等地又名台湾青枣。2　材料类别　幼嫩茎段、果肉和刚张开的幼嫩叶片。3　培养条件　培养基 :( 1 )ＭＳ 2 ,4 Ｄ 1 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ-1(单位下同 ) ＫＴ 0 .2 5 ＣＭ     

三角叶滨藜的组织培养和植株再生

1　植物名称　三角叶滨藜 (Atriplextriangu laris)。2　材料类别　无菌苗的子叶。3　培养条件　培养基 :( 1 )MS + 6 BA 1mg·L- 1(单位下同 ) + 2 ,4 D 1 ;( 2 )MS + 6 BA 1 +NAA 1 ;( 3)MS + 6 BA 1 +IBA 1 ;( 4 )MS + 6 BA 1 +IAA1 ;( 5 )MS + 6 BA 0 .5 +IAA 0 .1 +GA 0 .2 ;( 6)MS + 6 BA 0 .5 +IAA 0 .4+GA 2 ;( 7)MS + 6 BA1 +IAA 0 .2 +GA 2 ;( 8)MS + 6 BA 1 +IAA 0 .4+GA 2 ;( 9) 1 /2MS +IAA 2 ;( 1 0 ) 1 /2MS。上述培养基 ( 1 )～ ( 4 )加CH(水解酪蛋白 ) 2 0 0、45 g·L- 1 蔗糖 ,( 5 )～ ( 8…     

番杏的组织培养与植株再生

1　植物名称　番杏 (Ｔｅｔｒａｇｏｎｉａｅｘｐａｎｓａ)。2　材料类别　顶芽与茎段。3　培养条件　基本培养基为ＭＳ。 (1 )芽分化培养基 :ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ-1(单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 0 .1 3 .0 %蔗糖 ;(2 )诱导愈伤组织与分化培养基 :ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1 .0 2 ,4 Ｄ 0 .5 3 .0 %蔗糖 ;(3 )生根培养基 :3 4ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 .1 1 .5 %蔗糖 ;(4)继代培养基 :ＭＳ。以上各培养基均加 0 .7%琼脂 ,ｐＨ 5 .8。培养温度 2 5℃左右 ;日光灯照明 ,每天光照 1 0ｈ ,光照度 1 0 0 0～ 1 5 0 0ｌｘ。4　生长与分化情况4.1　无菌苗的获得　将…