臭参化学成分的研究

从臭参(Codonopsis cordifolioidea)的根中首次分离鉴定了7个已知化合物,通过波谱学数据结合理化性质分别鉴定为(+)-pinoresinol(1),丁香脂素[(+)-syringgaresinol](2),(+)-lariciresinol(3),3-methoxy-3′,4,9,9′tertrahydroxy-4′,7-epoxy-5′,8-lignan(4),erigeside B(5),pulmatin(6)和(E)-2-hexenyl β-sophoriside(7).     

Isolation of a new cerebroside from Codonopsis lanceolata

A new cerebroside, namely codonocerebroside A (1), was isolated from the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata. It is the first report of cerebroside from the family Campanulaceae, while the obtained lobetyolin (2) was widespread in the Codonopsis genus.     

大有开发利用价值的轮叶党参

轮叶党参(Codonopsis lanceolata)别名山胡萝卜、四叶参、山地瓜、山海螺、白蟒肉、羊乳、奶参等.系桔梗科植物.在我国的山区,半山区分布很广.常生长于海拔270～1500m之间的山坡、林缘、灌木丛、河谷旁、溪水边.轮叶党参天然野生,没有污染,而且营养丰富,清香味美,食药兼用,倍受大众喜爱.近年来轮叶党参的盐渍品、干品和部分鲜品出口贸易十分看好.据不完全统计,目前年出口量仅能达到200～300吨,不足国际市场需求量的二十分之一.韩国、日本与我国都有长期购货意向,国内市场也很走俏,是一种极有开发、利用前途的野菜资源.     

Two New Species of Codonopsis From China

Two new species of Codonopsis, namely C. parvitubulosa Z. T. Wanget G. J. Xu and C. retroserrata Z. T. Wang et G. J. Xu are described     

轮叶党参营养成分的研究

本文研究了轮叶党参的茎叶、去皮根及根皮中的营养成分氨基酸、维生素、微量元素的含量。结果显示,这三种营养成分都在根皮中最多,茎叶和去皮根中的含量也都多于一般蔬菜中的含量,为轮叶党参的合理应用提供了科学依据。     

Preparative separation of the saponin lancemaside a from Codonopsis lanceolata by centrifugal partition chromatography

Introduction. Lancemaside A is a saponin that inhibits decreases in blood testosterone level and thus prevents or ameliorates symptoms associated with male climacteric disorder. Our initial attempt to preparative isolation of lancemaside A from the saponin fraction of Codonopsis lanceolata roots by a preparative HPLC did not give a clear result. Objective. To develop a simple and efficient method for the preparative isolation of lancemaside A from the hot water extract of C. lanceolata roots using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). Methodology. The saponin fraction obtained from the hot water extract of C. lanceolata roots was used as the sample for preparative‐scale separation of lancemasides by CPC using n‐hexane:n‐butanol:methanol:0.1% aqueous formic acid (3:4:1:6, v/v) as the two‐phase solvent system. The upper phase (organic phase) of the two‐phase solvent system was used as the mobile phase, and 0.5 g of saponin fraction was applied for separation by CPC. Each fraction that was separated by CPC was analysed by HPLC, and the fractions containing each of the separated compounds were pooled together, and then were purified by simple preparative HPLC. Results. The demonstrated separation sequence, hot water extraction, DIAION HP‐20 column chromatography, CPC and preparative HPLC, yielded lancemaside A, foetidissimoside A and astersaponin Hb in their pure forms. Conclusion. The simple and efficient method for the preparative isolation of lancemaside A along with two other saponins, foetidissimoside A and astersaponin Hb, from the saponin fraction of C. lanceolata was established using CPC.     

轮叶党参的组织培养及植株再生研究

以轮叶党参为材料,研究了不同外植体、激素组合、培养基及光照条件对愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的影响.结果表明,叶片是轮叶党参组织培养较为合适的外植体.外植体在添加0.5 mg·L~(-1) 2,4-D+1.0 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.5 mg·L~(-1) KT的MS培养基上愈伤组织诱导率最高可达100%;愈伤组织转移到附加0.75 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.5 mg·L~(-1) NAA的MS培养基进行继代培养,增殖后的愈伤组织转移到附加0.5 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.2 mg·L~(-1) NAA的1/2MS分化培养基进行分化,其分化率达89.4%;将分化出的芽转接到附加0.2 mg·L~(-1) IAA+0.2 mg·L~(-1) NAA的1/2MS培养基,生根率达92.5%.暗培养诱导出愈伤组织后转到16 h·d~(-1)光照条件下,愈伤组织增殖倍数和分化率显著提高,再生苗健壮,长势强.     

Allelopathic potential of the phenolics from the roots of Pluchea lanceolata

Aqueous leachates of roots of the perennial weed Pluchea lanceolata (DC.) C. B. Clarke, its root-incorporated soil and rhizosphere soil, interfered with the seedling growth of certain plant species. The soils from the rhizosphere zone of this plant had significantly higher total phenolics and HPLC analysis revealed that phenolic fractions represented by retention times of 1.6, 1.9, 2.5 (simple phenol, chlorogenic acid and phloroglucinol respectively), 3.7 and 4.3 min were contributed by roots of the weed to the soil. The phenolic fraction represented by the retention time 3.3 (formononetin 7-O-glucoside) was detected in the weed's rhizosphere soils and not in the rootincorporated soils. UV spectral studies established the presence of phloroglucinol, simple phenol, chlorogenic acid, formononetin 7-O-glucoside, and methylated coumarins in the root leachate, which affect the seedling growth of mustard ( Brassica juncea ). Present research established the allelopathic potential of P. lanceolata roots, and the possible involvement of allelopathy in its interference success.     

Isolation of a novel dehydrin gene from Codonopsis lanceolata and analysis of its response to abiotic stresses

Dehydrins (DHNs) compose a family of intrinsically unstructured proteins that have high water solubility and accumulate during late seed development at low temperature or in water-deficit conditions. They are believed to play a protective role in freezing and drought-tolerance in plants. A full-length cDNA encoding DHN (designated as ClDhn) was isolated from an oriental medicinal plant Codonopsis lanceolata, which has been used widely in Asia for its anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. The full-length cDNA of ClDhn was 813 bp and contained a 477 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 159 amino acids. Deduced ClDhn protein had high similarities with other plant DHNs. RT-PCR analysis showed that different abiotic stresses such as salt, wounding, chilling and light, triggered a significant induction of ClDhn at different time points within 4-48 hrs post-treatment. This study revealed that ClDhn assisted C. lanceolata in becoming resistant to dehydration.     

High frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in tissue cultures of Codonopsis lanceolata

Culture conditions for high frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledonary explants of Codonopsis lanceolata are described. The maximum induction frequency of somatic embryos from cotyledonary explants was 80% on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6% sucrose with 1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 10% coconut water. Upon transfer onto MS basal medium containing 3% sucrose, most somatic embryos developed into plantlets.Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - GA₃ gibberellin a₃ - MS Murashige and Skoog     

Dihydrochalcone glucosides and antioxidant activity from the roots of Anneslea fragrans var. lanceolata

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the roots of Anneslea fragrans var. lanceolata led to the isolation of four dihydrochalcone glucosides, davidigenin-2′-O-(6″-O-4″′-hydroxybenzoyl)-β-glucoside (1), davidigenin-2′-O-(2″-O-4″′-hydroxybenzoyl)-β-glucoside (2), davidigenin-2′-O-(3″-O-4″′-hydroxybenzoyl)-β-glucoside (3), and davidigenin-2′-O-(6″-O-syringoyl)-β-glucoside (4), and 13 known compounds. The structures were identified by means of spectroscopic analysis. Davidigenin-2′-O-(6″-O-syringoyl)-β-glucoside (4), 1-O-3,4-dimethoxy-5-hydroxyphenyl-6-O-(3,5-di-O-methylgalloyl)-β-glucopyranoside (5), lyoniresinol (10), and syringic acid (13) showed ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] cation radical scavenging activity, with SC₅₀ values of 52.6 ± 5.5, 26.0 ± 0.7, 6.0 ± 0.2, and 27.5 ± 0.6 μg/mL in 20 min, respectively. Lyoniresinol (10), isofraxidin (12), and syringic acid (13) also showed DPPH [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl] radical scavenging activity, with SC₅₀ values of 8.4 ± 1.8, 51.6 ± 2.2, and 4.3 ± 0.7 μg/mL in 30 min, respectively.     

Structural characterization of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula and its immunity activity

The water-soluble polysaccharide (CPP), with a molecular mass of 1.1x10(4) Da, was obtained from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula. Structure feature investigation by a combination of chemical and instrumental analysis revealed that CPP had a backbone consisting of (1-->3)-linked-beta-D-galactopyranosyl, (1-->2, 3)-linked-beta-D-galactopyranosyl and (1-->3)-linked-alpha-D-rhamnopyranosyl residues, which were branched with two glycosyl residues composed of alpha-L-arabinose-(1-->5)-alpha-L-arabinose(1-->linked residues at the O-2 position of galactosyl along the main chain in the ratio of 1:1:2:1:1. Preliminary immunological tests in vitro showed CPP could stimulate concanavalin A (ConA)- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lymphocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.     

Orientation of NAHD-linked ferric chelate (turbo) reductase in plasma membranes from roots ofPlantago lanceolata

Summary Plasma membrane vesicles isolated from roots ofPlantago lanceolata L. revealed approximately 70% right-side-out orientation based on structure-linked latency with H⁺-ATPase as a marker. Incubation with 0.05% Brij 58 caused the formation of sealed insideout vesicles, evidenced by assaying ATP-dependent proton pumping activity with the optical pH probe acridine orange. NADH-linked FeEDTA reductase activity was stimulated by including either Triton X-100 or Brij 58 in the assay medium. The activity of inverted (Brijtreated) vesicles was not further increased by the addition of Triton, suggesting that maximum activity was obtained in inside-out vesicles. Iron deficiency resulted in a ca. 2-fold increase in the specific activity of both ATPase and Fe(III) chelate reductase but did not cause significant alterations with respect to the effect of detergents. It is concluded that in vitro both donor and acceptor sites of NADH-FeEDTA reductase are located on the cytosolic face of the membrane and trans-oriented flow of electrons is not detectable in plasma membrane vesicles. Unlike Fe chelate reduction in vivo, the plasma membrane-bound reductase activity was insensitive towards application of the translation inhibitor cycloheximide prior to isolation of the membranes, implying the involvement of a regulatory enzyme in the electron transport in vivo.Abbreviations BPDS bathophenanthroline disulfonate - BTP 1,3-bis[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]-propane - PM plasma membrane     

Biflavonoids from Ochna lanceolata

Two new biflavonoids, 7,4′,7″,4‴-tetramethylisochamaejasmin (1) and 2,3-dihydroochnaflavone 7″-O-methyl ether (2), together with six known flavonoids (3–8) were isolated from the stem bark of Ochna lanceolata. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral studies.     

Wahlenbergia cordiformis sp. nov. (Campanulaceae: Campanuloideae), a new woody species from Western Cape,South Africa

Wahlenbergia cordiformis, a new species of the Lightfootia‐type is described and illustrated. It is currently only known from the farm Knolfontein, in the Swartruggens region, north east of Ceres in the Western Cape, South Africa. The closest relative of W. cordiformis is unclear, but it may be closely related to either W. tenella, W. nodosa, W. tenerrima, W. oligantha or W. neorigida. Wahlenbergia cordiformis is distinguished from them by its cordate, leaf‐like calyx lobes.     

Triterpenoid saponins from Meryta lanceolata

Four new oleanane-type saponins and a known one were isolated from the leaves and stems of Meryta lanceolata. The new saponins were characterised by spectroscopic means and chemical hydrolysis as 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]oleanolic acid 28-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester, 3-O-[beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]oleanolic acid 28-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-6-O-acetyl glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester, 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]oleanolic acid 28-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester and 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]echinocystic acid 28-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester. The NMR assignments were made by means of HOHAHA, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOE difference studies.