饲喂乳杆菌对雏鸡盲肠8种正常菌群定值的影响

本文以鸡乳杆菌培养物饲喂新生雏鸡来观察其对雏盲肠８种正常菌群定值的影响。结果表明：雏鸡饲喂乳杆菌增减物后,１０日龄前,盲肠内大肠杆菌数明显降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）,双歧杆菌,类杆菌和乳杆菌数明显增多（Ｐ〈０．０１）,其它菌群未发生变化。     

乳杆菌DM8909对金黄色葡萄球菌与阴道上皮细胞粘附影响的研究

本文对乳杆菌ＤＭ８９０９对阴道主要致病菌金黄色葡萄球菌与阴道上皮细胞的粘附影响作了补充实验。将等量ＤＭ８９０９液与金黄色葡萄球菌液同时与上皮细胞粘附进行了观察。结果表明,体外试验中,在ｐＨ７２情况下,乳杆菌与葡萄球菌同时加入时葡萄球菌粘附数量比葡萄球菌单独粘附少（Ｐ＜００１）,乳杆菌与金葡菌粘附数量相差不大（Ｐ＞００５）;乳杆菌与金葡菌先于ｐＨ４５下作用８１２ｈ,然后与上皮细胞同时孵育２小时,粘附的乳杆菌与金葡菌量比ｐＨ７２时均有减少,而金葡菌量比其单独粘附明显减少（Ｐ＜００１）,且明显少于乳杆菌（Ｐ＜００１）。说明乳杆菌能抑制葡萄球菌对阴道上皮细胞的粘附     

北京地区184例健康人肠道菌群值的调查

本文对北京地区１８４例７－６９岁健康人的粪便菌群中的肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌等６种细菌进行了培养、计数和鉴定。结果表明：肠杆菌６０７±１８０、肠球菌６１３±１４５、拟杆菌４５７±１７７、产气荚膜梭菌４０６±１５２、双歧杆菌８３２±０９６、乳杆菌７８２±０８６（ＬｏｇＮ／克便）;男性和女性相比,除产气荚膜梭菌男性明显高于女性（Ｐ＜００５）外,其余５种菌均无显著性差异;７－１８岁年龄组肠杆菌极显著地低于平均值（Ｐ＜００１）,６１—６９岁年龄组双歧杆菌明显低于平均值（Ｐ＜００５）;双歧杆菌与肠杆菌之比Ｂ／Ｅ值,７－１８岁年龄组是６１－６９岁年龄组的５７５倍     

丽珠肠乐对老年腹泻者肠道厌氧菌群、T淋巴细胞亚群、血清SOD及LPO的影响

本文应用双歧杆菌活菌制剂──丽珠肠乐治疗３０例老年腹泻患者。腹泻老年组治疗后与治疗前相比,治疗后外周血ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８及ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值均回升,ＣＤ４升高显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＣＤ３相对升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值回升到正常水平（Ｐ＜０．０１）;血清ＳＯＤ活性亦升高到正常水平（Ｐ＜０．０１）,血清ＬＰＯ含量明显减低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;粪便中双歧杆菌、拟杆菌、乳杆菌数量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,Ｂ／Ｅ比值也随之升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而葡萄球菌和肠球菌数量明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１和０．０５）．结果提示,丽珠肠乐对老年腹泻患者具有明显调整Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群免疫功能,提高血清ＳＯＤ活性,降低血清ＬＰＯ含量,扶植肠道厌氧菌群生长,改善肠道菌群紊乱的作用。     

腹泻儿童肠道菌群分析

我们使用传统的稀释法和注射器金属棒磁力搅拌稀释法对３０例正常儿童的粪便菌群进行五类菌群的分析,健康儿童每克粪便中肠杆菌数６８９±０７７,肠球菌数为６１９±０５７,乳杆菌数为７３６±２０１,而类杆菌数为９２９±０４５,双歧杆菌数为８５８±０３２,而腹泻儿童肠杆菌数为７６１±０６１,肠球菌６７４±０５８,类杆菌数为８３６±０６０,乳杆菌７７３±０６９,双歧杆菌为７６７±０６６,两者相比主要是原籍菌中双歧杆菌、类杆菌减少,而过路菌中肠杆菌增加,出现了菌群失调。     

急性细菌性腹泻患儿肠道菌群的动态观察

本文对５５例急性细菌性腹泻患儿发病早期粪便中正常菌群进行了分离、培养、计数和鉴定,并与３０各健康儿作了对照。结果显示腹泻患儿粪便中双歧杆菌、类杆菌、乳杆菌、肠球菌明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）,肠杆菌数量增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,双歧杆菌与肠杆菌比值（Ｂ／Ｅ值）在１０－１,５以下。并在腹写患儿中选取２７例分别在发病时至愈后一周做肠道菌群的动态定量分析,发现随着腹泻症状消退伴有肠道正常菌群的建立,但厌氧菌上升速度缓慢。临床动态观察表明,症状的恢复与肠菌群的恢复是同步的,但菌群恢复速度较临床症状好转速度为慢,而且菌群失调程度与临床症状轻重有关。     

口服乐腹康胶囊活菌制剂对人体肠道菌群的影响

本文报道了口服乐腹康胶囊活菌制剂对正常人体肠道的双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠杆菌等的影响。结果显示口服后,对肠道菌群有短暂（１～２天）抑制生长作用,而后对厌氧菌中的双歧杆菌、乳杆菌有明显促进生长的作用。双歧杆菌在服药前平均为５０６±１０３亿／克,服药后１０天升至１８７３±１４３亿／克,增长３７０倍（Ｐ＜００５）,有显著性差异。乳杆菌服药前平均数为２７４±０２５亿／克,服药后１０天升至５０７±１２１亿／克,增长１８５倍。而对需氧的大肠杆菌和其他肠道球菌有持续的抑制作用,大肠杆菌服药前平均数为３４２±０２１亿／克,服药后１０天降至１０５±００９亿／克,仅为原来的３０％（Ｐ＜００５）,有显著的差异     

光合细菌(PSB)对鲤鱼肠道菌群及肠消化功能的影响

观察光合细菌对鲤鱼肠道中五种菌群（气单胞菌、大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、拟杆菌）及肠道中淀粉酶及蛋白酶活性的影响结果。实验结果表明：试验组肠道中光合细菌最高检出数为４７８±０７５（ｌｏｇｎ／克肠道内容物）且不为饲喂浓度的增加而增加。肠中大肠杆菌、拟杆菌的数量明显低于对照组（ｐ＞００５）,乳酸杆菌显著高于对照组（ｐ＜００５）,气单胞菌,双歧杆菌有增多趋势,但与对照组比较差异不显著（ｐ＜００５）,同时,光合细菌还可使肠道中的淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性分别比对照组提高２６８和２９４倍,差异显著,这可能是光合细菌添加剂一个重要的促生长作用因素。     

兔肠道正常微生物群的研究

本研究利用稀释滴种的方法,对健康成年家兔回肠及结肠中消化球菌、韦荣氏球菌、梭状芽胞杆菌、优杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠球菌、酵母菌和肠杆菌等１０种正常微生物群进行了计数分析,并获得其微生态数值,结果显示：结肠中微生物群的总体平均菌数显著高于小肠（Ｐ＜０．０１）;同一菌种在结肠内容物中的在有数量多于回肠;结肠中韦荣氏球菌、肠杆菌为优势菌群;回肠中双歧杆菌、酵母菌为优势菌群。     

痤疮皮损区皮肤菌群的研究

本研究对皮肤常见病─—痤疮４０例病人皮损区的皮肤菌群进行了探讨,并以１０４例健康人面部皮肤菌群及８２例治愈后病人原皮损区菌群分析作为对照,结果痤疮病人皮损区中痤疮丙酸杆菌活菌数为４．５５±０．７３（ＣＦＵ以Ｌｏｇ／ｃｍ２计）。分离率为１００％,表皮葡萄球菌数为４．１９±０．７０（１００％）,微球菌数为２．７１±０．６９（６２．５％）,杆菌数为３．０９±０．６４（９０％）,需氧的革兰氏阴性杆菌数为３．３１±０．７６（３５％）,产色素微球菌数为３．０５±０．８２（４５％）,痤疮病人皮肤的皮损区内常住菌和过路菌都较健康人明显增加,差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）。而经皮肤微生态制剂治疗后痤疮病皮肤菌群与健康人几乎无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）,说明皮肤微生态制剂具有调整皮肤菌群恢复微生态平衡,提高定植抗力的生理作用,故能较有效的治疗痤疮。     

海藻粉和抗菌肽对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数和肠道菌群的影响

为探讨海藻粉和抗菌肽不同添加水平对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数和肠道菌群的影响。选取1日龄体重相近的AA肉鸡504羽,随机分为7个处理,每处理6个重复,每重复12羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加不同水平(1.0%、3.0%、5.0%)的海藻粉和抗菌肽(300 mg/kg、600 mg/kg)。试验分前期(1~21 d)和后期(22~42 d)共42 d。结果表明:(1)添加不同水平的海藻粉对前期、后期和全期肉鸡的料重比有显著影响(P0.05);对21日龄肉鸡的脾脏指数和胸腺指数及对42日龄肉鸡的法氏囊指数差异显著(P0.05);降低了21日龄和42日龄肉鸡盲肠大肠杆菌的数量(P0.05),增加了盲肠乳酸菌的数量(P0.05)。(2)添加不同水平的抗菌肽对后期和全期肉鸡的料重比有显著差异(P0.05);对21日龄肉鸡的脾脏指数和胸腺指数及对42日龄肉鸡的法氏囊指数差异显著(P0.05);降低了21日龄和42日龄肉鸡盲肠大肠杆菌的数量(P0.05),增加了盲肠乳酸菌的数量(P0.05)。(3)海藻粉和抗菌肽交互作用对前期、后期和全期肉鸡的料重比有明显影响(P0.05);对21日龄肉鸡的脾脏指数和胸腺指数及对42日龄肉鸡的法氏囊指数差异显著(P0.05);降低了21日龄和42日龄肉鸡盲肠大肠杆菌的数量(P0.05),增加了盲肠乳酸菌的数量(P0.05)。本研究得出以下结论,海藻粉和抗菌肽能促进肉鸡生长,提高肉鸡免疫器官指数和改善肠道菌群,且二者间存在协同效应,添加5%的海藻粉和300 mg/kg抗菌肽综合效果最佳。     

复合微生物菌剂净化规模化养鸡场养殖环境效果研究

试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,测定了施用复合微生物制菌剂Y30017后对蛋鸡舍内有害气体、鸡粪便排泄物成分的影响,分析该复合微生物菌剂对规模化养鸡场鸡舍环境净化的效果。结果表明:试验组鸡舍氨气浓度和硫化氢浓度分别下降了2.26 mg/kg和1.92 mg/kg(P<0.05);鸡粪排泄物pH值上升1.1%(P<0.05),粗蛋白含量提高了9.17%(P<0.05);每克盲肠内容物中大肠杆菌数量降低了37.17%(P<0.01),乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量分别提高了11.49%和16.17%(P<0.05),未检出沙门氏菌。结果显示,鸡舍主要污染物得到有效控制,养殖环境得到较大改善,使用复合微生物菌剂Y30017控制规模化养鸡场污染物均具有良好的效果,同时可有效提高粪便废弃物的营养值,对养殖废弃物资源化利用具有良好的提质增效作用。     

Effect of orally administered non-viable Lactobacillus cells on murine humoral immune responses

BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with the food antigen ovalbumin (OVA) while they were fed with Lactobacillus GG heated killed cell preparation. The oral administration of Lactobacillus GG did not appear to modify the antigen-augmented serum IgE in the tested mice but significantly augmented serum OVA specific IgG in the tested mice fed with a diet containing 0.1% Lactobacillus GG as the non-viable cell preparation (P< 0.05). The fecal OVA specific IgA of the tested mice fed with nonviable Lactobacillus GG cells was also significantly elevated (P< 0.05) compared to those from OVA immunized mice. The spleen cells of mice fed with non-viable Lactobacillus GG cells secreted more IL-6 (P< 0.01). These results suggest that the non-viable Lactobacillus GG can augment the systemic and mucosal immune responses in a host animal favoring secretory IgA but not IgE in an adjuvant-like manner.     

家蝇作为饲料添加剂对清远良种鸡肉质和风味的影响

测定蝇蛆和蝇蛹作为饲料添加剂对清远良种鸡肉质和风味的影响,为家蝇Musca domestica L.作为添加饲料改善鸡的肉质和风味,以及代替鱼粉成为新的蛋白质来源提供数据。150只清远鸡雏鸡随机等分成5组,以鱼粉或商业饲料加入不同比例的家蝇幼虫或蝇蛹作为添加饲料加以饲养。结果显示,饲喂不同食料的清远鸡的增重、脾重和法氏囊重影响差异不显著,但饲喂蝇蛆和蝇蛹的鸡群的死亡率明显低于仅饲喂鱼粉或商业饲料的鸡群;饲喂蝇蛆或蝇蛹的鸡肉的系水力(用失水率表示)和风味评价明显提高,氨基酸含量差异显著。说明家蝇幼虫作为动物蛋白可提高鸡的抗疾病能力及改善鸡肉风味。     

奶牛阴道菌群分析与乳酸菌的分离及鉴定

目的研究奶牛阴道菌群,并从健康奶牛阴道分离出产酸能力很强的乳酸菌。方法采用常规的方法对奶牛阴道进行细菌的分离及鉴定,并进行菌群分析。结果健康奶牛阴道优势菌群主要为乳酸菌(P<0.01),屡配不孕奶牛阴道优势菌群主要为金黄色葡萄球菌(P<0.01);从健康奶牛阴道分离出的乳酸菌为55株,其中产酸能力很强的6株乳酸菌鉴定结果分别为Lactobacillus plantarum、Lactobacillus brevis、Enterococcus faecalis、Lactococcus garvieae、Lactobacillus kitasatonis和Lactobacillus amylovorus。结论奶牛阴道菌群中分离的6株乳酸菌可作为潜在的奶牛阴道微生态制剂进行深入研究。     

鱼油对断奶大鼠脏器指数及肠道菌群影响的研究

目的探讨鱼油对断奶大鼠脏器指数及肠道菌群的影响。方法选取（21±3）d日龄断奶SD大鼠96只,雌雄各半,随机分为2组,实验组饲喂添加0．5％鱼油的饲料,对照组饲喂正常饲料。分别于第7、14、21、28天处死各组大鼠12只,分别测定大鼠肝脏指数、胸腺指数及脾脏指数;应用梯度稀释法和培养法测定大鼠4种肠道正常菌群,即肠杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、葡萄球菌。结果实验组第7天脾脏指数与对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,第28天肝脏指数和胸腺指数与对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;实验组第7、14和21天肠道内肠杆菌数量与对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,第7天大鼠肠道内葡萄球菌数量与对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,第14天大鼠肠道内葡萄球菌数量与对照组相比差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）,实验组大鼠肠道内乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量与对照组相比虽有所增高,但差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论鱼油可以明显提高断奶大鼠的脏器指数,并且可通过增加断奶大鼠肠道内双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量,降低肠道内肠杆菌和葡萄球菌数量,进而调节断奶大鼠的肠内菌群,改善肠道内环境。     

Indigestible carbohydrates alter the intestinal microbiota but do not influence the performance of broiler chickens

Aims:  Prebiotics are a potential alternative to in-feed antimicrobials to improve performance of chickens. We investigated the effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth, performance and the intestinal microbiota.
Methods and Results:  Cobb 500 birds were fed either: Control, starter diet without antimicrobials; ZnB, Control + 50 ppm zinc bacitracin; MOS, Control + 5 g kg⁻¹ MOS; or FOS, Control + 5 g kg⁻¹ FOS. An energy metabolism study was conducted and intestinal microbial communities assessed by T-RFLP and Lac PCR-DGGE. Diet did not influence performance. Ileal microbial communities were significantly different in ZnB-fed birds compared to all diets, and FOS-fed chickens compared to Control. MOS-fed chickens had a different caecal profile to ZnB and FOS-fed birds. Consensus Lac PCR-DGGE profiles indicated Lactobacillus communities clustered according to diet with Lactobacillus johnsonii characteristic of ZnB diet. Control and MOS-fed chickens displayed significantly different jejunal Lactobacillus profiles to each other whilst ileal profiles were different between MOS and FOS-fed birds.
Conclusion:  Prebiotics influenced the intestinal microbiota, but did not affect performance.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  In light of pressure for in-feed antimicrobial withdrawal, the impact of alternative compounds on the intestinal microbiota and bird performance is critical to the poultry industry.     

Effects of dietary antibiotics on intestinal microflora in broiler chickens

Changes were examined in the intestinal microflora in broiler chickens fed a diet containing antibiotics to obtain fundamental information on the mechanisms of beneficial effect of the antibiotics upon livestock production. Three antibiotics (colistin, bacitracin, and enramycin) were employed as feed additives. Experiments were conducted with broiler chickens in two ways. In one way dietary antibiotics were fed continually at levels approved for use as feed additives for a long term. In the other they were fed the same antibiotics for a short term. Significant changes in microflora were observed mainly in such bacterial groups as aerobic bacteria and Lactobacillus. In the long term administration, three possible modes of variance in the bacterial flora were postulated: Changes directly related to the antibacterial spectrum of antibiotics. Antagonistic changes related to an ecological balance in the bacterial flora. Changes in quantitative balance of bacteria constituting each bacterial group. The change in the intestinal microflora during administration of the antibiotic diet was expressed as a complex form of these transition modes. In the short term administration, it was demonstrated that the effect of the antibiotic diet lingered even 7 days after administration. This suggests that antibiotics used as feed additives may possibly affect the stability of the intestinal microflora.     

Characterization of cecal microbiota and response to an orally administered lactobacillus probiotic strain in the broiler chicken

A probiotic Lactobacillus strain was given in drinking water to young broiler chickens from 1 to 19 days of age. Cecal contents were collected from 4- and 19-day-old chickens in treated and control groups. Enumeration of bacteria by culture on selective media showed a decrease in Clostridium perfringens carriage in the 4-day-old treated chickens, whereas coliforms and Lactobacillus populations were not significantly affected by the treatment. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis with 7 phylogenetic probes targeting the major groups of intestinal bacteria revealed that the Clostridium coccoides group accounted for more than 50% of the total bacteria in the cecum of 4-day-old chickens, whereas the bacterial community of 19-day-old chickens evolved towards a more diverse microbiota with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (36%) and C. coccoides (22%) groups representing the predominant bacteria. No effect of the Lactobacillus strain supplementation was observed in the composition of the cecal microbiota assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization with the 7 probes. Nevertheless, profiling of the cecal microbiota using temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis in combination with principal component analysis demonstrated an impact of the probiotic treatment on the overall bacterial community as well as on the Lactobacillus population.     

用微生态疗法防治幼畜幼禽腹泻和提高增重的试验

本试验用乳酸杆菌K、P株作为幼畜禽的饲料添加剂。对动物试验的结果表明,使哺乳仔猪平均日增重分别比对照组提高17.36％和18.68％,使肉用仔鸡提高增重10.5％;与对照组相比,差异均极显著(P<0.01)。本制剂对预防幼畜禽下痢亦有显著效果。