水合诱导的多肽二级结构变化—红外光谱法研究

在不同相对湿度(R.H.)下,用红外光谱法研究了聚赖氨酸(PLys,MW14000)、聚赖氨酸溴化氢结合物(PLvs-HBr,MW55000)和聚谷氨酸钠(PGA-Na,MW80000)的二级结构随时间的变化.在R.H.=60%下,三种多肽由无规卷曲向β-结构转变的时间相近,约需9分钟;而由α-向β-结构转变时,PGA-Na所需时间约为PLas和PLys-HBr的二倍.然而在R.H.=90%左右下,由β-向α-结构转变时,PLys和PLys-HBr所需时间反为PGA-Na的二倍.在R.H.=90%左右下由无规卷曲向α-结构转变时,PLys和PLys-HBr出现β-折叠结构,而PGA-Na则无.实验表明了在不同水合度下侧链基团对构象变化的影响.     

在不同的相对湿度下聚谷酸和它的钠盐红外光谱研究

聚谷氨酸(PGA)和聚谷氨酸钠(PGA-Na)在不同的相对湿度(R H)下,用红外光谱仪测得它们的结构和侧链非离子化羧基的变化.固态PGA-Na(平均分子量[MW]8000),在50%R H以下能保持无规卷曲结构,在50—70%R H之间为β-折叠,70%R H以上为x-螺旋.以二氧六环:水二1.5:1(V/V)的混合液作为溶剂的PGA(MW8000)溶液,涂为膜后,在各种相对湿度下保持α-结构,但侧链非离子化羧基有变化,而且这种变化是可逆的.当PGA分散在水中成悬浮液后涂成的膜,在很宽的相对湿度范围内,保持α-螺旋不变,直至96%R H.才出现β-折叠,而且是不可逆的.     

用激光拉曼探讨不同相对湿度下聚赖氨酸分子的二级结构

本文报导了聚赖氨酸分子的二级结构因其含水量变化而变化.用T.L Lippert等人提出的方法对不同含水量下的聚赖氨酸分子的激光拉曼光谱进行了定量计算.结果表明分子二级结构中的x螺旋、β折叠及无规卷曲成份有明显差异.当分子中相对湿度在0～33%时它的二级结构主要为无规卷曲成份;当湿度在90%-75%时分子的主键盘方式以α螺旋为主;而当湿度小于75%大于40%范围时分子的二级结构改变以β折叠和无规卷曲的肽链构象.     

用激光拉曼探讨不同相对湿度下聚赖氨酸分子的二级结构

本文报导了聚赖氨酸分子的二级结构因其含水量变化而变化.用T.L Lippert等人提出的方法对不同含水量下的聚赖氨酸分子的激光拉曼光谱进行了定量计算.结果表明分子二级结构中的x螺旋、β折叠及无规卷曲成份有明显差异.当分子中相对湿度在0～33%时它的二级结构主要为无规卷曲成份;当湿度在90%-75%时分子的主键盘方式以α螺旋为主;而当湿度小于75%大于40%范围时分子的二级结构改变以β折叠和无规卷曲的肽链构象.     

淀粉样β蛋白质构象转换及其抑制的分子动力学模拟

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是多发于老年人的神经退行性疾病。淀粉样β蛋白质(Aβ)的错误折叠和聚集与AD的发生与发展密切相关。以Aβ的错误折叠和聚集为靶标进行AD防治药物研究已成为近年来AD研究领域的热点之一。从初始的α-螺旋结构或无规卷曲构象转换形成富含β-折叠结构是Aβ聚集的关键步骤。本文中,笔者综述利用分子动力学(MD)模拟研究Aβ构象转换的分子机制,介绍MD模拟在小分子和多肽抑制剂抑制Aβ构象转换中的应用。     

湖南尖吻蝮蛇毒出血毒素的圆二色性和化学修饰

用远紫外ＣＤ谱研究了湖南产尖吻蝮蛇毒的两个出血毒素（ＤａＨＴ－１、ＤａＨＴ－２）的溶液构象,计算得ＤａＨＴ－１的α螺旋、β折叠、无规卷曲的含量分别为３６．９％、３５．５％、２７．６％;ＤａＨＴ－２的α螺旋、β折叠、无规卷曲分别为２３．４％、３１．３％、４５．３％。随ｐＨ的增大或减小,峰位蓝移,酸性条件下的变化比碱性条件下的变化大。构象单元含量计算表明：α螺旋减少,无规卷曲增多,β折叠基本未变。温度和ｐＨ对ＣＤ谱的影响相似,５０℃时峰位蓝移,α螺旋减少,无规卷曲增多．ＥＤＴＡ对ＣＤ谱影响显著,０．０２ｍｏｌ／ＬＥＤＴＡ便导致两个出血毒素呈极度的无序状态。ＥＤＴＡ完全抑制,半胱氨酸部分抑制,胰蛋白酶不影响它们的出血活性。     

聚α—氨基酸纤维的研究

<正> 在制造具有动物纤维相似性质的合成纤维时,应当引入蛋白质结构的慨念。丝是一种富含β-折叠结构的多肽,而羊毛则富有α-螺旋结构。当α-氨基酸聚合成聚α-氨基酸时,其一级结构与蛋白质一样为多肽,但其二级结构则可为α-螺旋、β-折叠或无规线圈,如果一种聚α-氨基酸纺成富含β-折叠     

天然酶与复性酶的拉曼光谱研究

本文通过对胰凝乳蛋白酶的激光拉曼光谱的研究,揭示了天然酶和复性酶的不同分子空间构象.分子的主链构象主要是β折叠和无规卷曲成份,受过变性剂作用的酶,虽经复活(活性可达95%以上),其复性酶的分子结构仍比天然酶松散,它的无规卷曲成份相应增加.对分子二级结构的计算表明,天然酶分子中蛋白质的α螺旋、β折叠和无规卷曲成份之比为6.3:40.6:53;复性酶分子中上述成份的比为3.6:31:65.天然酶分子中C-C-S-S-C-C构型为gauche-gauche-gauche排列,而复性酶中为trans-gauche-gauche排列.     

计算机模式识别技术在蛋白质二级结构预测中的应用

目前,计算机技术在生化领域中的应用正在受到重视,研究工作已经取得了一些可喜的结果.我们在将计算机模式识别技术应用于蛋白质二级结构预测中做了一点工作,现简介如下. 我们从Chou-Fasman法中得到构成蛋白质的20个氨基酸中的每一个氨基酸出现于二级结构中的α-螺旋、β-折叠和无规卷曲的概率参     

FTIR法定量研究水对聚赖氨酸溴化氢结合物二级结构的影响

付里叶变换红外光谱定量法研究表明,在０～１００％相对湿度（ＲＨ）范围内,聚赖氨酸溴化氢结合物（ＰＬＫ－ＨＢｒ）干膜的水合原则上分为无规卷曲、β－折叠和α－螺旋三个构象稳定阶段,其水合行为远较文献报导的复杂。在任一水合度下都不是纯单一结构,其红外谱均由多个吸收组分组成,而且,β－折叠的类型还可能发生变化。     

FLUORESCENT DNA BINDING DYE-BASED APPROACH FOR MEASURING THE GROWTH OF AN ESCHERICHIA COLI LYSINE AUXOTROPH AND QUANTIFYING LYSINE

Microbiological assays for determination of bioavailable lysine appear to have many advantages. However, since the developed assay is based on bacterial growth and considerable optical density (OD) is required to detect distinguishable differences in extent of growth, it can be time consuming. The purpose of this study was to explore the fluorescence as an alternative method to measure bacterial growth instead of OD and examine the possibility to shorten the time required for the lysine assay. An assay based on SYTO 9 green fluorescent DNA binding dye (Live/Dead BacLight Protocol, Molecular Probes) was used to stain all bacteria in a population. Additional experiments were carried out to determine the ability of fluorescence based on SYTO 9 to overcome problems associated with high nonbacterial background that contributes to OD. From this study it appears that using fluorescence based on SYTO 9 green fluorescent staining, the E. coli lysine auxotroph growth assay can be completed in 9 h instead of 11 h and has the advantage of improved detection sensitivity. Problems associated with interference by high background nonbacterial OD can be partially resolved by fluorescence.     

TRANSPORT OF LYSINE FROM CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF THE CAT

—The clearance from cerebrospinal fluid of l-[¹⁴C]lysine and l-[³H]arginine was measured during ventriculo-cisternal perfusions of anaesthetized cats. Increasing in the perfusate the concentration of unlabelled l-lysine produced a gradual reduction in clearance of the labelled amino acids without altering the uptake of l-[¹⁴C]lysine by the choroid plexus. Net transport of l-lysine out of cerebrospinal fluid occurred by saturable and non-saturable components. The saturable component satisfied Michaelis-Menton kinetics, while the behaviour of the non-saturable component was consistent with diffusion. A V_max of 0·017 μmol/min and an affinity constant (k_t) of 0·83 mm were estimated. The clearance of l-lysine was unaffected by the addition to the perfusate of high concentrations of selected neutral amino acids, but was stimulated by the presence of l-cystine. Conversely, a high concentration of l-lysine did not affect the clearance of glycine or cycloleucine. The dibasic amino acids appear to be removed from cerebrospinal fluid by a relatively specific, mediated transport system which may serve to regulate their concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid.     

生精细胞及精子赖氨酸含量的研究

本实验取１０只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠的睾丸和附睾,睾丸石蜡切片,附睾精子涂片后用苯胺蓝染色显示赖氨酸含量。结果是睾丸生精小管中精原细胞和精母细胞染色较深即赖氨酸含量较高,精子细胞和精子染色渐淡即赖氨酸含量降低,而附睾精子显示,在附睾头部的精子染色较深,附睾尾部的精子几乎不着色,应用显微分光光度计测定附睾精子,计算出头部的精子赖氨酸含量在１左右,尾部的精子赖氨酸含量接近于零。本实验还检测了１０例正常人及１０例不育者精子的赖氨酸,结果为正常人精子的赖氨酸含量较低,不育者精子赖氨酸含量高且畸形率也高。提示精子赖氨酸含量高是核蛋白转型异常的征象,可能是男性不育的一个重要原因。     

稻米赖氨酸快速测定条件的探讨

以氨基酸自动分析仪测定稻米赖氨酸含量为参照标准。在“茚三酮测定赖氨酸含量”(A法)的基础上,对该法中大米蛋白质的提取温度和时间、色温度和时间及茚三酮用量等条件进行了探讨,提出了稻米赖氨酸含量快速测(B法)。提取条件为90℃5分钟,显色条件为90℃20分钟;茚三酮试剂用1 ml。用B法对10个大米样品进行测定,赖氨酸含量与氨基酸分析仪测得的赖含量基本上一致,无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

L—赖氨酸高产菌株选育的研究

L-赖氨酸产生菌钝齿棒杆菌（Corynebacteriumcrenatum）N30－25菌株经紫外线诱变处理,分别在含有不同浓度的七叶苷的培养基上进行筛选,经摇瓶多次复筛获得了3株高产变异菌株。对这3株菌在相同发酵条件下进行发酵生产L－赖氨酸,与出发菌株比较,产量提高了22－31％,经过3次传代,产生L－赖氨酸能力仍很稳定。     

LYSINE METABOLISM IN THE RAT BRAIN: THE PIPECOLIC ACID-FORMING PATHWAY

Employing both the intraventricular and intraperitoneal injection techniques, ¹⁴C-l -lysine at non-overloading concentrations was found to be metabolized to l -¹⁴C-pipecolic acid at significantly high levels in the rat. Labeled pipecolic acid in the brain and liver was only found at rather low levels 24 h after intraperitoneal administration of ¹⁴C-l -lysine regardless of non-labeled lysine metabolite overload. A marked enhancement of pipecolic acid labeling was only found in the brain when ¹⁴C-l -lysine was intraventricularly administered to animals under various lysine metabolite overloads. While overloading doses of non-labeled saccharopine or α-aminoadipate did not significantly alter the labeling patterns of pipecolic acid in the brain, liver or urine when ¹⁴C-l -lysine was intraperitoneally administered, pipecolate overloading markedly reduced labeled pipecolic acid levels in the brain, liver and urine. These results indicate: pipecolic acid formation is subject to product inhibition, and saccharopine is not in the pathway of pipecolic acid synthesis from l -lysine. The labeling pattern of lysine metabolites was not significantly affected by the overloading injection of pipecolic acid when ¹⁴C-l -lysine was intraventricularly administered suggesting a blood-brain barrier for pipecolate. Besides ¹⁴C-pipecolic acid, labeled α-aminoadipic acid was also found at significant levels mostly in the brain. Labeled saccharopine was not detected in any tissues or urine samples analyzed. The ¹⁴C-l -lysine metabolic pattern of the newborn rats did not seem to be any different from the adult rats, i.e. labeled pipecolic acid was also detected in substantial quantities in the brain, liver and urine 5 h after injection. ¹⁴C-d -Lysine was mainly metabolized to l -¹⁴C-pipecolic acid through either route of administration. These experimental evidences indicate that the pipecolic acid-forming pathway is a significant route for lysine metabolism in the rat, and that the rat brain probably utilizes this pathway mainly for lysine metabolism. The present study also discusses the potential neurological significance of the pipecolic acid pathway in relation to the major lysine metabolic pathway (the saccharopine pathway).     

INCORPORATION OF TRITIUM-LABELED THYMIDINE AND LYSINE INTO CHROMOSOMES OF CULTURED HUMAN LEUKOCYTES

The incorporation of thymidine-H³ and lysine-H³ into human leukocyte chromosomes was studied in order to determine the temporal relationships between the syntheses of chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid and chromosomal protein. The labeled compounds were incorporated into nuclei of interphase cells. Label from both precursors became apparent over the chromosomes of dividing cells. Incorporation of thymidine-H³ occurred during a restricted period of midinterphase (S) which was preceded by a nonsynthetic period (G₁) and followed by a nonsynthetic period (G₂). Incorporation of lysine-H³ into chromosomal protein occurred throughout interphase. Grain counts made over chromosomes of dividing cells revealed that the rate of incorporation of lysine-H³ into chromosomal protein differed during various periods of interphase. The rate of incorporation was diminished during G₁. During early S period the rate of incorporation increased, reaching a peak in late S. The high rate continued into G₂. Thymidine-H³ incorporated into DNA was distributed to mitotic chromosomes of daughter cells in a manner which has been referred to as a "semi-conservative segregation." No such semi-conservative mechanism was found to affect the distribution of lysine-H³ to the mitotic chromosomes of daughter cells. Therefore, it is concluded that synthesis of chromosomal protein and its distribution to chromosomes of daughter cells are not directly influenced by synthesis and distribution of the chromosomal DNA with which the protein is associated.     

Amino Acid Transport into Cultured Tobacco Cells: I. LYSINE TRANSPORT

Lysine transport into suspension-cultured Wisconsin-38 tobacco cells was observed. Uptake was linear (up to 90 minutes) with respect to time and amount of tissue only after 4 to 6 hours preincubation in calcium-containing medium. The observed cellular accumulation of lysine was against a concentration gradient and not due to exchange diffusion. Transport was stimulated by low pH and characterized by a biphasic uptake isotherm with two K(m) values for lysine. System I (K(m) approximately 5 x 10(-6) molar; V(max) approximately 180 nanomoles per gram fresh weight per hour) and system II (K(m) approximately 10(-4) molar; V(max) approximately 1900 nanomoles per gram fresh weight per hour) were inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide and a variety of respiratory inhibitors. This inhibition was not due to increased efflux. In antagonism experiments, system I was inhibited most effectively by basic amino acids, followed by the sulfur amino acids. System I was only slightly inhibited by the neutral and aromatic amino acids and was not inhibited by the acidic amino acids aspartic and glutamic acids. Transport by system II was inhibited by all of the tested amino acids (including aspartic and glutamic acids) and analogs; however, this system was not inhibited by d-arginine. Neither system was strongly inhibited by d-lysine or the lysine analog S-2-aminoethyl-l-cysteine. Arginine was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of both systems with values for K(i) similar to the respective K(m) values.These studies suggest the presence of at least two amino acid permeases in W-38 tobacco cells.     

银胶中三螺旋RNA poly（rU）．poly（rA）．poly（rU）的付立叶表面增强拉曼光谱研究

采用近红外付立叶拉曼光谱研究了三螺旋ＲＮＡ（ｒＵ）．ｐｏｌｙ（ｒＡ）．ｐｏｌｙ（ｒＵ）在溶液中的构象和在银胶中的表面增强拉曼散行为。结果表明在溶液中,该三螺旋ＲＮＡ分子中以Ｗａｔｓｏｎ－Ｃｒｉｃｋ碱基酸对的两条链处于Ａ－构型,而第二条嘧啶链处于Ｃ２’－ｅｎｄｏ／ａｎｔｉ构象。在银胶中,该三螺旋ＲＮＡ的表面增强拦曼效应明显。与溶液状态下相比,８３５和８１９ｃｍ＾－１谱带的出现暗示该三螺旋ＲＮＡ吸附到     

银胶中三螺旋RNA poly（rU）．poly（rA）．poly（rU）的付立叶表面增强拉曼光谱研究

采用近红外付上叶拉曼光谱研究了三螺旋ＲＮＡ（ｒＵ）．ｐｏｌｙ（ｒＡ）．ｐｏｌｙ（ｒＵ）在溶液中的构象和在银胶中的表面增强拉曼散射行为。结果表明在溶液中,该三螺旋ＲＮＡ分子中以Ｗａｔｓｏｎ—Ｃｒｉｃｋ碱基配对的两条链处于Ａ－构型,而第二条嘧啶链处于Ｃ２＇－ｅｎｄｏ／ａｎｔｉ构象。在银胶中,该三螺旋ＲＮＡ的表面增强拉曼效应明显。与溶液状态下相比,８３５和８１９ｃｍ－１谱带的出现暗示该三螺旋ＲＮＡ吸附到银胶表面后,该三螺旋ＲＮＡ分子的螺旋结构仍得到保留,且其构象与溶液中的相近。同时该三螺旋ＲＮＡ主要是通过核酸骨架上带负电荷的磷酸基团定位于银胶表面而吸附的。