共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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J Müller 《The EMBO journal》1995,14(6):1209-1220
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Ryan L. Boudreau Ryan M. Spengler Ray H. Hylock Brandyn J. Kusenda Heather A. Davis David A. Eichmann Beverly L. Davidson 《Nucleic acids research》2013,41(1):e9
RNA interference (RNAi) serves as a powerful and widely used gene silencing tool for basic biological research and is being developed as a therapeutic avenue to suppress disease-causing genes. However, the specificity and safety of RNAi strategies remains under scrutiny because small inhibitory RNAs (siRNAs) induce off-target silencing. Currently, the tools available for designing siRNAs are biased toward efficacy as opposed to specificity. Prior work from our laboratory and others’ supports the potential to design highly specific siRNAs by limiting the promiscuity of their seed sequences (positions 2–8 of the small RNA), the primary determinant of off-targeting. Here, a bioinformatic approach to predict off-targeting potentials was established using publically available siRNA data from more than 50 microarray experiments. With this, we developed a specificity-focused siRNA design algorithm and accompanying online tool which, upon validation, identifies candidate sequences with minimal off-targeting potentials and potent silencing capacities. This tool offers researchers unique functionality and output compared with currently available siRNA design programs. Furthermore, this approach can greatly improve genome-wide RNAi libraries and, most notably, provides the only broadly applicable means to limit off-targeting from RNAi expression vectors. 相似文献
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Absence of transitive and systemic pathways allows cell-specific and isoform-specific RNAi in Drosophila 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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Roignant JY Carré C Mugat B Szymczak D Lepesant JA Antoniewski C 《RNA (New York, N.Y.)》2003,9(3):299-308
RNA interference (RNAi) designates the multistep process by which double-stranded RNA induces the silencing of homologous endogenous genes. Some aspects of RNAi appear to be conserved throughout evolution, including the processing of trigger dsRNAs into small 21-23-bp siRNAs and their use to guide the degradation of complementary mRNAs. Two remarkable features of RNAi were uncovered in plants and Caenorhabditid elegans. First, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities allow the synthesis of siRNA complementary to sequences upstream of or downstream from the initial trigger region in the target mRNA, leading to a transitive RNAi with sequences that had not been initially targeted. Secondly, systemic RNAi may cause the targeting of gene silencing in one tissue to spread to other tissues. Using transgenes expressing dsRNA, we investigated whether transitive and systemic RNAi occur in DROSOPHILA: DsRNA-producing transgenes targeted RNAi to specific regions of alternative mRNA species of one gene without transitive effect directed to sequences downstream from or upstream of the initial trigger region. Moreover, specific expression of a dsRNA, using either cell-specific GAL4 drivers or random clonal activation of a GAL4 driver, mediated a cell-autonomous RNAi. Together, our results provide evidence that transitive and systemic aspects of RNAi are not conserved in Drosophila and demonstrate that dsRNA-producing transgenes allow powerful reverse genetic approaches to be conducted in this model organism, by knocking down gene functions at the resolution of a single-cell type and of a single isoform. 相似文献
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The ability of short RNAs (21-27 nucleotides) to silence genes containing homologous nucleotide sequences is related to RNA silencing. The pathways of short RNAs (siRNA and microRNA) biogenesis from their precursors, double stranded and hairpin RNAs respectively, are briefly reviewed. The functioning of specific RNA binding domains found for the first time in the proteins operating in RNA interference (RNAi) is considered. The interactions of these domains with the earlier well known RNA binding modules in RNAi proteins are described. 相似文献
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A robust system for RNA interference in the chicken using a modified microRNA operon 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Das RM Van Hateren NJ Howell GR Farrell ER Bangs FK Porteous VC Manning EM McGrew MJ Ohyama K Sacco MA Halley PA Sang HM Storey KG Placzek M Tickle C Nair VK Wilson SA 《Developmental biology》2006,294(2):554-563
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BACKGROUND: RNA interference (RNAi) has become a powerful tool in silencing target genes in various organisms. In mammals, RNAi can be induced by using short interfering RNA (siRNA). The efficacy of inducing RNAi in mammalian cells by using siRNA depends very much on the selection of the target sequences. METHODS: We developed an siRNA target sequence selection system by first constructing parallel-type siRNA expression vector libraries carrying siRNA expression fragments originating from fragmentized target genes, and then using a group selection system. For a model system, we constructed parallel-type siRNA expression vector libraries against DsRed and GFP reporter genes. RESULTS: We carried out the first screening of groups containing more than 100 random siRNA expression plasmids in total for each target gene, and successfully obtained target sequences with very strong efficacy. Furthermore, we also obtained some clones that express dsRNAs of various lengths that might induce cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: This system should allow us to perform screening for powerful target sequences, by including all possible target sequences for any gene, even without knowing the whole sequence of the target gene in advance. At the same time, target sequences that should be avoided due to cytotoxicity can be identified. 相似文献
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RNA干扰(RNAi)是双链RNA分子在mRNA水平上诱发的序列特异性转录后基因表达沉默,从基因组水平设计针对多个靶基因的RNAi序列,建立RNAi文库进行系统性、大规模的筛选工作是功能基因组学研究的有力工具。目前RNAi文库主要包括质粒(或病毒)文库、siRNA表达盒文库、寡核苷酸文库和随机RNAi文库,已经被成功应用于基因功能鉴别、信号转导途径解析和药物靶标筛选等研究领域。近年来,这一领域发展迅速,本文就RNAi文库的发展应用以及存在的问题与展望进行综述。 相似文献
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Analysis of the C. elegans Argonaute family reveals that distinct Argonautes act sequentially during RNAi 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yigit E Batista PJ Bei Y Pang KM Chen CC Tolia NH Joshua-Tor L Mitani S Simard MJ Mello CC 《Cell》2006,127(4):747-757
Argonaute (AGO) proteins interact with small RNAs to mediate gene silencing. C. elegans contains 27 AGO genes, raising the question of what roles these genes play in RNAi and related gene-silencing pathways. Here we describe 31 deletion alleles representing all of the previously uncharacterized AGO genes. Analysis of single- and multiple-AGO mutant strains reveals functions in several pathways, including (1) chromosome segregation, (2) fertility, and (3) at least two separate steps in the RNAi pathway. We show that RDE-1 interacts with trigger-derived sense and antisense RNAs to initiate RNAi, while several other AGO proteins interact with amplified siRNAs to mediate downstream silencing. Overexpression of downstream AGOs enhances silencing, suggesting that these proteins are limiting for RNAi. Interestingly, these AGO proteins lack key residues required for mRNA cleavage. Our findings support a two-step model for RNAi, in which functionally and structurally distinct AGOs act sequentially to direct gene silencing. 相似文献
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pSAT RNA interference vectors: a modular series for multiple gene down-regulation in plants
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for functional gene analysis, which has been successfully used to down-regulate the levels of specific target genes, enabling loss-of-function studies in living cells. Hairpin (hp) RNA expression cassettes are typically constructed on binary plasmids and delivered into plant cells by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Realizing the importance of RNAi for basic plant research, various vectors have been developed for RNAi-mediated gene silencing, allowing the silencing of single target genes in plant cells. To further expand the collection of available tools for functional genomics in plant species, we constructed a set of modular vectors suitable for hpRNA expression under various constitutive promoters. Our system allows simple cloning of the target gene sequences into two distinct multicloning sites and its modular design provides a straightforward route for replacement of the expression cassette's regulatory elements. More importantly, our system was designed to facilitate the assembly of several hpRNA expression cassettes on a single plasmid, thereby enabling the simultaneous suppression of several target genes from a single vector. We tested the functionality of our new vector system by silencing overexpressed marker genes (green fluorescent protein, DsRed2, and nptII) in transgenic plants. Various combinations of hpRNA expression cassettes were assembled in binary plasmids; all showed strong down-regulation of the reporter genes in transgenic plants. Furthermore, assembly of all three hpRNA expression cassettes, combined with a fourth cassette for the expression of a selectable marker, resulted in down-regulation of all three different marker genes in transgenic plants. This vector system provides an important addition to the plant molecular biologist's toolbox, which will significantly facilitate the use of RNAi technology for analyses of multiple gene function in plant cells. 相似文献