六月雪万年青

六月雪万年青李学东六月雪万年青（Ｄｉｅｆｆｅｎｂａｃｈｉａａｍｏｅｎａｃｖ．ＴｒｏｐｉｃＳｎｏｗ）是天南星科花叶万年青属植物大王万年青的栽培变种。茎直立粗壮（直径可达５ｃｍ以上），株高可达１５０ｃｍ以上。下部叶脱落后，便显露出翠竹般挺拔的茎干。叶椭圆...     

陕西省种子植物区系新记录

报道了陕西省种子植物区系2新记录属[茜草科(Rubiaceae)的虎刺属(Damnacanthus Gaertn.f.),桔梗科(Campanulaceae)的刺萼参属(Echinocodon Hong)],3新记录种[四川虎刺(Damnacanthus officinarum Huang),刺萼参(Echinocodon lobophyllus Hong)及报春花科(Primulaceae)的异花珍珠菜Lysimachia crispidens(Hance)Hemsl.]。     

落叶松-杨栅锈菌基因复制事件及共线性分析

落叶松-杨栅锈菌是一种分布广且危害严重的林木病原真菌.了解基因组内发生的基因复制事件及基因组间的共线性关系,能为最终理解落叶松-杨栅锈菌适应性进化等生物学问题提供帮助.落叶松-杨栅锈菌全基因组水平上基因复制相关研究未见报道,共线性研究报道也较少.本研究利用落叶松-杨栅锈菌全基因组序列分析其基因复制模式.结果表明,落叶松...     

刮目相看茜草科（上）

蓬子菜茜草科植物有５００属６０００种,也有书记载为６３７属１０７００种。它在被子植物的科中不是最大的,但是有一现象十分有趣。如果我们把几个大科的属和种数对比一下,会发现茜草科有一特点,即用属数和种数比,平均每属所包含的种数少,足以令人刮目相看这一科。茜草科以种数与属数相除,平均每属含种数１２个,此数值较之其他几个大科少得多。这说明茜草科植物属的分化强烈,亦即说明本科生物多样性的分化更深入。但是茜草科中也有一些大的属,如九节木属Ｐｓｙｃｈｏｔｒｉａ有８００—１５００种,耳草属Ｈｅｄｙｏｔｉｓ…     

耳草属（茜草科）植物的两个新种

耳草属（茜草科）植物的两个新种=Two new species of the genus Hedyotis　(Rubiaceae) from China[刊,中]/ 王 瑞 江（中国科学院华南植物研究所 广州 510650）,邢 福 武//植物分类学报.—2002,41（1）.—85～88 摘要：描述了国产耳草属(茜草科)植物的两个新种,启无耳草Hedyotis wangii　R. J. Wang和崖州耳草H. yazhouensis　F. W. Xing et R. J. Wang。     

新疆醉马芨芨上柄锈菌属一新种

本文报道了寄生在禾本科植物醉马芨芨[Achnatherum inebrians(Hance) Keng]上的柄锈菌属(Puccinia)一新种,即醉马芨芨柄锈菌(Puccinia achnatheri-inebriantis Z. Y. Zhao sp. nov.)。上述新种有汉文和拉丁文描述,并有新种与羽茅柄锈近似种的讨论。     

栅锈菌属(Melampsora)一新种

报道了寄生在多腺柳(Salix polyadenia Hand)上栅锈菌一新种,多腺柳栅锈菌(Melampsora salicis-polyadeniae Y.Xue et L.P.Shao)。其形态特征有拉丁文和中文描述。主模式标本存放在东北林业大学林学院标本室。     

金锈菌属一新种——祁连金锈菌

本文报道寄生在青海云杉(Picea crassifolia Kom.)针叶上的一种新的金锈菌,命名祁连金锈菌(Chrysomyxa qilianensis Wang,Wu et B.Li sp.nov.。其发育阶段[0.Ⅰ]在云杉上,[Ⅲ]在青海杜鹃(Rhododendron przewalskii Maxim.)叶背,缺[Ⅱ]。     

中国西部柄锈菌新资料

本文报告了我国西部的四种柄锈菌。黑果茜草Rubia cordifolia var. pratensis上的西北柄锈菌Puccinia boreo-occidentalis被描述为新种。垂花报春Primula nutans上的北极柄锈菌P. arctica、车叶草Asperula aparine上的车叶草柄锈菌P. asperulae-aparines和黄水枝Tiarella polyphylla上的黄水枝生柄锈菌P. tiarellicola为中国新记录。根据我国的标本对每个种作了描述和讨论并附有孢子线条图。所有标本保藏在中国科学院菌物标本馆(HMAS)。     

城乡环境梯度下植物群落的区系成分分析

分别以白云山、帽峰山、莲塘风水林作为广州市区、城郊和郊区常绿阔叶林群落代表,分析其植物区系组成和多样性特征。结果显示,广州帽峰山常绿阔叶林群落种类最丰富,维管束植物有87科155属212种,优势科为茜草科、大戟科、樟科、禾亚科、芸香科、紫金牛科、壳斗科;白云山维管束植物有72科121属168种,优势科为茜草科、樟科、桑科、禾亚科、大戟科、冬青科;而莲塘风水林森林群落有55科88属102种,优势科为茜草科、樟科、大戟科。从属的地理分布区类型来看,三个群落皆以泛热带分布属的比例最高,其次为旧世界热带分布属和热带亚洲分布属,群落缺乏典型的热带成分,但具有南亚热带植物区系的基本特征。其中白云山的东亚分布类型有3属;帽峰山的东亚分布类型有4属,中国特有分布类型有1属;而莲塘风水林则没有东亚分布和中国特有分布类型。     

内蒙古赤峰地区的锈菌 Ⅱ.鞘锈菌属等8属

报道了内蒙古赤峰地区的锈菌8属23种,其中明痂锈菌属(Hyalopsora)和疣双胞锈菌属(Tranzschelia)为内蒙古新记录属,6个种为内蒙古新记录种;3种植物为中国新记录寄主;列出了锈菌种名、寄主植物、采集地点及标本号。所有引证标本均保存于赤峰学院菌物标本室(CFSZ)。     

Life history and host specificity of the Japanese flea beetles Trachyaphthona sordida and T. nigrita (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), potential biological control agents against skunk vine, Paederia foetida (Rubiaceae), in the southeastern parts of the United States and Hawaii

Skunk vine, Paederia foetida (Rubiaceae), is native to Asia and has been recognized as an invasive weedy vine of natural areas in Florida and Hawaii. Two insects, Trachyaphthona sordida and Trachyaphthona nigrita (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Japan are being considered as potential biological control agents against skunk vine. To gather fundamental information on their biology, we carried out field surveys and laboratory experiments in Kyushu, southern Japan, between 2003 and 2006. We found that T. sordida is commonly distributed in Kyushu and T. nigrita is restricted to the southern parts of Kagoshima Prefecture on the southern part of Kyushu. These species are fundamentally univoltine and adults appear in late April to early July. Trachyaphthona sordida overwinters as mature larvae and T. nigrita as mature larvae or rarely as adults. Larvae of both species feed on fine roots of P. foetida in the field and Serissa foetida (Rubiaceae) under rearing conditions, and they appear to have tribe‐level host specificity in their host range. On the basis of these results, we suggest that both species are suitable as biological control agents.     

中国脊背管蓟马属一新种(缨翅目,管蓟马科)

脊背管蓟马属是具有长翅的蓟马,头长,头部额区脊状隆起,口针宽,通常极长并有一个或几个侧环.记述中国脊背管蓟马属1新种,即齿跗脊背管蓟马Oidanothrips notabilis sp.nov.并与台湾脊背管蓟马O.taiwanus进行了比较.模式标本保存于包头市园林科技研究所（BLRI）.此新种与O.taiwanus相似,其主要区别是新种1）翅基鬃内Ⅲ端部钝;2）复眼后鬃端部钝;3）口针伸达单眼后鬃;而后者,1）翅基鬃内Ⅲ端部尖;2）复眼后鬃端部尖;3）口针不伸达单眼后鬃.     

内蒙古包头南海子湿地鸟类群落组成及多样性

为了解包头南海子湿地鸟类资源现状,2006年8月至2007年10月,对内蒙古包头市南海子自然保护区的鸟类物种多样性和群落结构进行了调查,共记录到鸟类128种,隶属于15目37科.其中,古北界鸟类110种,占调查区鸟类种数的85.94%.居留型主要以夏候鸟和旅鸟为主.根据鸟类栖息地的生境类型,将保护区的鸟类划分为4个群落.其中,浅水沼泽的鸟类数量最多,多样性指数、均匀度指数均最高.南海子自然保护区对包头市生态旅游产业以及自然保护教育具有重要意义.     

Fungal pathogen (mis-) identifications: A case study with DNA barcodes on Melampsora rusts of aspen and white poplar

Wide variation and overlap in morphological characters have led to confusion in species identification within the fungal rust genus Melampsora. The Melampsora species with uredinial–telial stages on white poplar and aspens are especially prone to misidentification. This group includes the Melampsora populnea species complex and the highly destructive pine twisting rust, Melampsora pinitorqua, which alternates between hosts in Populus section Populus and Pinus. Our objective was to compare morphologically based identification to genetic material extracted from Melampsora species pathogenic to aspen and white poplar. We compared morphometric traits and DNA barcodes obtained from internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large ribosomal RNA subunit (28S), and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) sequences to delimit within this taxonomically difficult group. Eight different Melampsora species were initially defined based on host specificity and morphometric data. DNA barcodes were then overlaid on these initial species definitions. The DNA barcodes, specifically those defined on ITS and 28S sequences, provided a highly accurate means of identifying and resolving Melampsora taxa. We highlighted species misidentification in specimens from Canadian herbaria related to either Melampsora medusae f. sp. tremuloidae or Melampsora aecidioides. Finally, we evidenced that the north-American species found on Populus alba, M. aecidioides is closely related but distinct from the four species of the M. populnea complex (Melampsora larici-tremulae, Melampsora magnusiana, Melampsora pinitorqua, and Melampsora rostrupii) found in Eurasia.     

Melampsora rust species on biomass willows in central and north-eastern Germany

Melampsora willow rusts are the most important fungal pathogens in short rotation coppices of biomass willows. In the past, breeding programmes for rust resistant biomass willows concentrated on the distinction of races within the forma specialis Melampsora larici-epitea f. sp. larici-epitea typica that colonized Salix viminalis and related clones. In a new breeding program that is based on a wider range of willow species it is necessary to identify further Melampsora species and formae specialis that are pathogens of willow species other than S. viminalis. Therefore, three stock collections with Salix daphnoides, Salix purpurea, and other shrub willow species (including S. viminalis) species were sampled in north-eastern Germany. A fourth stock collection in central Germany contributed rusts of tree willows (Salix fragilis and Salix alba) and the large shrub Salix caprea. Out of 156 rust samples, 149 were successfully sequenced for ITS rDNA. A phylogenetic analysis combining Neighbour-Joining, Maximum-Likelihood and Bayesian analysis revealed six species: Melampsora ribesii-purpureae, Melampsora allii-salicis-albae, Melampsora sp. aff. allii-fragilis, Melampsora larici-pentandrae, Melampsora larici-caprearum, and Melampsora larici-epitea. The first four species were found exclusively on the expected hosts. Melampsora larici-caprearum had a wider host range comprising S. caprea and S. viminalis hybrids. Melampsora larici-epitea can be further differentiated into two formae speciales. The forma specialis larici-epitea typica (59 samples) colonized Salix viminalis clones, Salix purpurea, Salix×dasyclados, and Salix×aquatica. In contrast to this relatively broad host range, f. sp. larici-daphnoides (65 samples) was found exclusively on Salix daphnoides. With the distinction and identification of the rust species/formae speciales it is now possible to test for race-specific resistances in a more targeted manner within the determined pairings of rust and willow species.     

Molecular evidence indicates that subarctic willow communities in Scotland support a diversity of host-associated Melampsora rust taxa

Rare and threatened subarctic willow scrub communities in the UK are the subject of ongoing conservation programmes, yet little is known about the diversity of fungal taxa that they support. Isolates of the rust genus Melampsora were sampled from 112 leaves of eight subarctic willow (Salix) taxa and their hybrids from twelve sites in the UK. In order to determine the number of Melampsora taxa present in the samples, isolates were sequenced for the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of rDNA and data were subject to phylogenetic analysis. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis indicated that the isolates fell into three strongly supported host-associated clades. Clade I contained only isolates from Salix herbacea and was distinguished morphologically by dense urediniospore echinulation and thin cell walls. Clade II contained isolates from Salix arbuscula and Salix reticulata only. These could not be distinguished morphologically from isolates in Clade III which were found on Salix lapponum, Salix myrsinites, Salix myrsinifolia, Salix aurita, Salix lanata, and their hybrids. Clade II was most distinct in ITS sequence, differing by 50 bases from Clades I and III, while the latter clades differed in sequence by only 24 bases on average. Clades I and III are likely to represent the previously recognised taxa Melampsora alpina Juel 1894 and Melampsora epitea Thüm. 1879 respectively, but Clade II has not apparently been described before. Significant differences in the intensity of infection by isolates of Clade III were found among different Salix species at a single site, suggesting either differences in resistance among Salix taxa, or the presence of further cryptic taxa within Clade III. The study illustrates the power of molecular phylogenetic analysis to reveal cryptic biodiversity within Melampsora, and suggests that conserving Salix host diversity within subarctic willow communities will ensure that a diversity of associated Melampsora taxa is maintained.     

杜松皑粉蚧的生物学特性及其防治

杜松皑粉蚧是杜松的重要害虫。该虫在内蒙古包头1年发生2代,以2龄若虫越冬。5月中下旬和7月中下旬是若虫危害的两个高峰期。在越冬代若虫活动盛期（5月中旬）喷洒2．5％溴氰菊酯＋40％氧乐果（1：3）1500～2000倍混合稀释液或40％氧乐果＋80％敌敌畏乳油1000倍混合稀释液2～3次,杀虫效果可达95％。     

杨树叶锈病研究

松杨栅锈菌（Melampsora larici-populina）导致的杨树叶锈病是杨树病害中分布最广、危害最大的一种病害,它造成杨树林的材积损失和材质下降,严重制约着杨树商品林和生态林的发展。该文从病原菌的分布和寄主种类、病原菌生理分化、寄主抗锈性及分子标记、防治措施等几方面介绍了杨树叶锈病的研究。