红莲型细胞质雄性不育水稻线粒体DNA的AP-PCR分析

为了研究红莲型细胞质雄性不育与线粒体基因组的关系。以水稻红莲型粤泰细胞质雄性不育系A和保持系B及杂种一代F1为材料。应用AP-PCR分析,用10个单引物对其线粒体DNA进行扩增。实验结果表明,不同的引物在3种材料间均有不同程度的差异。为红莲型细胞质雄性不育分子机理的研究提供了线索;此外,在引物6F1的扩增图谱中找到一条在YTA和F1中特异的带TAF6F2,Sounthern分析TAF6F2不育胞质的特异性,可能与红莲型水稻细胞质雄性 不育性状的形成有关。     

利用RAPD分子标记对三组三系杂交水稻及亲本的遗传分析和鉴定

利用RAPD技术,从248个随机寡聚核苷酸（10bp）中筛选出13个引物能在供试的三组三系杂交水稻及亲本间扩增出43条稳定性较好的多态性片段,其中6个引物能在供试材料间扩增出20个强的多态性标记。利用这些标记能有效地区分各组合中不育系、保持系、恢复系和F1,并能看出各组合中不育系与保持系、不育系与恢复系、F1与亲本间的遗传关系。 Abstract:A total of 248 arbitrary 10-mer oligonucleotide primers were screened using RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) techniques with the genome DNA of three groups of three-line hybrid rice and their parents.Thirteen primers produced 43 polymorphism fragments.Six primers of them produced 20 obviously repeatable polymorphic markers among rice lines tested.Using this RAPD markers,the hybrid rice combinations (sterile-line,maintainer-line,restorer-line and F1)can be effectively identified,and the genetic relationship among them can be shown.     

水稻红莲型细胞质雄性不育系与保持系mtRNA差异显示和差别片段的分析

将T4 RNA连接酶和AFLP技术特点相结合构建了适于mtRNA的差异显示方法 ,并比较了水稻 (OryzasativaL .)红莲型细胞质雄性不育系、保持系和杂种一代mtRNA的差异。在 4组引物对的选择扩增产物中共找到 6个差异片段 ,其中差异条带DTA为不育系仅有 ,条带DAB为不育系和保持系特有 ,而条带DBF1、DBF2 、DBF3 、DBF4 为保持系和F1杂种共有。这表明水稻红莲型不育系粤泰A与杂种一代泰优 2号mtRNA的差异大于保持系粤泰B和杂种一代泰优 2号mtRNA的差异。Northern杂交证实条带DTA在不育系、保持系和杂种一代的转录确有差异 ,表明它与红莲型细胞质雄性不育有关。条带DTA全长 2 5 9bp ,尽管未发现有同源序列和新的开放阅读框 ,但它可作为探针从cDNA文库中筛选全基因序列 ,进而寻找与细胞质雄性不育有关的开放阅读框架。     

水稻红莲型细胞质雄性不育系与保持系mtRNA差异显示和差别片段？…

将Ｔ４ＲＮＡ连接酶和ＡＦＬＰ技术特点相结合构建于适于ｍｔＲＮＡ的差异显示方法,并比较水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）红莲型细胞质雄性不育系,保持系和杂种一代ｍｔＲＮＡ差异。在４组引物对的选择扩增产物中共找到６个差异片段,其中差异条带ＤＴＡ为不育系仅有,条带ＤＡＢ为不育系和保持系特有,而条带ＤＢＦ１、ＤＢＦ２、ＤＢＦ３、ＤＢＦ４为保持系和Ｆ１杂种共有。这表明水稻红莲型不育系粤泰Ａ与杂种一代泰优     

BT型细胞质雄性不育水稻及其三系的线粒体DNA研究

用RAPD技术对BT型水稻胞质雄性不育系秀A及其保持系秀B、恢复系湘晴以及杂种F1代的线粒体DNA进行了比较分析。结果表明不育系与其保持系间存在显著差异;不育系与其F1之间mtDNA也存在差异。在引物OPJ－08的扩增产物中,秀A扩增出一条分子量为800bp的多态性片段,在引物OPK－10的扩增产物中,杂种F1扩增出一条分子量为900bp的片段。把这两片段回收、克隆并制备探针,OPJ－08800的Southern杂交结果显示不育系与其F1杂交图谱存在多态性;OPK－10900的Suthern杂交结果显示不育系与其保持系同存在差异。推测这两片段与育性可能有一定的联系。     

水稻红莲型细胞质雄性不育系小孢子发育过程中的花药蛋白质分析(英文)

水稻不育系的不育机理至今尚未搞清。本工作对红莲型不育系小孢子发育过程中花药蛋白质的变化进行了分析,为从分子水平阐明其不育机理奠定基础。分别在不育系（A）、保持系（B）、杂种一代（F1）和恢复系（R）的花粉母细胞单核、二核及三核四分体时期取花药,匀浆、反复离心制备上清液、定量后,做不连续Bis－Acr凝胶电泳、染色,观察其蛋白电泳条带的变化。结果见Fig．1＆2和Tab．1：大多数主要的、表达量大的蛋白质在二核期前后（花粉败育时期）,没有明显变化,这些蛋白与败育无关。条带X、XI随着小孢子发育过程出现变化,但它们在A、B、F1和R中的表达行为变化一致,也与败育无关。条带Ⅰ、Ⅱ在不育系中不表达,条带Ⅲ为不育系所特有,条带Ⅳ在单核期以后出现,条带Ⅶ在二核期受到抑制,它们均可能与育性有关。A、F1中均有条带Ⅴ表达,说明该编码基因是由不育系遗传到F1中的,它与育性无关;而R、F1系中均有条带Ⅵ、Ⅷ表达,该编码基因可能是由恢复系遗传到F1中的,可能涉及F1的育性恢复。     

粘类小麦雄性不育恢复基因的遗传分析及RAPD标记

利用RAPD分子标记对粘类小麦雄性不育系ms（Kots）-90-110的恢复系Rk5451的恢复基因进行了标记定位。选取具有高恢复力的恢复系康本材料Rk5451和Rk5253为父本与ms（Kots）-90-110杂交．F1代再与保持系90-110回交;以90-110／／ms（Kots）-90-110／Rk5451的BC1F1代分离群体为研究对象．利用分离群体分组分析法（Bulked Segregant Analysis．BSA）．以350个随机引物对Rk5451的主效恢复基因进行RAPD分析．筛选到27个可在亲本间扩增出多态性的引物．其中引物S120经多次重复能在亲本间及不育和可育池间扩增出稳定的多态性片段S120-1745。     

红莲型水稻不育系统花粉发育不同时期MADS-box基因家族的表达分析

以红莲型水稻不育系、保持系、恢复系和杂种为材料 ,根据 MADS- box的保守序列设计特异引物 ,并分别以 Oligo d T1 2 GC和 Oligo d T1 2 CG为锚定引物对花粉发育单核期和二核期的花药进行了差异展示分析。扩增共得到 382条带 ,其中有组成型表达带 2 2× 8=176条。对差异带的统计分析表明 :MADS- box基因家族参与了水稻CMS和育性恢复的核质互作。最后 ,对这些差异带与 CMS和育性恢复之间的关系以及特异引物在研究复杂生物学现象中的应用进行了讨论。     

玉米三系及其杂种根尖染色体C-带带型的遗传分析

用玉米的两个雄性不育系,和它们共同的保持系、恢复系以及两个不育系和恢复系杂交的F_1进行了根尖染色体C-带带型的遗传分析。从明显的C-带带型看,不育系与保持系相同,恢复系与不育系和保持系显著不同。在F_1中,从父母本之间带型有明显差异的4对染色体看,每对同源染色体的一条,其带型和一个亲本相似,另一条和另一个亲本相似。以明显的C-带带型作为标记,在杂交后代中可以直接对不同亲本遗传下来的染色体进行追踪。 文中讨论了在明显C-带带型方面细胞质对细胞核有无影响,用品种间明显C-带带型的差异大小作为选配强杂种优势组合的依据,以及从细胞学上鉴定核代换程度的标准的可能性。     

利用SSR标记分析水稻亲本间遗传距离与杂种优势的关系

利用5个光温敏核不育系与40个恢复系（品种）配制了200个组合,应用SSR标记估算了这5个不育系与40个恢复系之间的遗传距离,分析了遗传距离与杂种优势的关系。结果表明：（1）不同材料、不同遗传距离范围之间,遗传距离与单株产量以及有效穗数、穗长、每穗粒敷、着粒密度、结实率、千粒重、单株产量7个性状超亲优势的相关性有很大差别,表现出很复杂的关系。（2）田丰S与父本遗传距离在0．6286～2．5257之间时,F1单株产量及其超亲优势与遗传距离极显著相关;培矮64S与父本遗传距离在0．8247～1．5315之间时,F1单株产量与遗传距离显著相关。（3）所有两系组合亲本间遗传距离在0．5333～1．5之间时,F1单株产量超亲优势与遗传距离显著相关;遗传距离在0．5333～1．0之间时,F1单株产量与遗传距离显著相关,遗传距离分别在1．0～1．5、0．5333～1．5和0．5333～2．5257之间时极显著相关。（4）另外,F1单株产量与遗传距离的相关程度普遍高于其超亲优势与遗传距离的相关程度。     

红麻UG93细胞质雄性不育系、保持系及恢复系间的遗传多样性分析

利用8条核基因组ISSR引物和7对叶绿体基因组SSR引物(cpSSR),对9对红麻UG93细胞质雄性不育系/保持系及5个恢复系的细胞核、细胞质遗传多样性进行分析.结果表明:各材料的核基因组遗传相似系数在0.333～1.000之间,其中保持系间、保持系和恢复系间、恢复系间的平均相似系数分别为0.583、0.689和0.8...     

Hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.): identification and parentage determination by RAPD fingerprinting

Summary DNA from three families of rice plants selected in Northern China (each comprising the male sterile, the restorer, the hybrid F1 and the maintainer lines) has been extracted and amplified by PCR with different random DNA primers (RAPD analysis). Then, DNA has been analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis and DNA bands scored as present or absent. The generated matrices are reproducible and amenable for identification of each single plant line. Thus, RAPD fingerprinting of the inbred parental lines and of the resulting hybrid is proposed as a convenient tool for the identification, protection and parentage determination of plant hybrids. Furthermore, by offering a molecular tool to verify the degree of dissimilarity between the parental lines, the RAPD analysis may also be used to search for new parental combinations.     

Conversion of a rice CMS maintainer into a photo- or thermo-sensitive genetic male sterile line

A maintainer line of 3-line hybrid rice commonly presents a certain genetic distance to a 2-line restorer line, but in many cases, 2-line restorer lines present defects upon recovery of the object cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of the maintainer line, which impedes the utilization of their heterosis. Here, we report a strategy and an example of converting a maintainer into a photoperiod/temperature-sensitive genic male sterile (P/TGMS) line with an almost identical genetic background, thus maximizing the heterosis. Firstly, through treatment of maintainer line T98B with ⁶⁰C_O-γ irradiation, we identified the TGMS line T98S, which is sterile at higher temperatures and fertile at lower temperatures. Secondly, the T98S line was proven to be identical to T98B with regard to genetic background via an examination of 48 parental polymorphous SSR markers and exhibited excellent blossom traits similar to those of T98B, with an extensive forenoon flowering rate of 75.92% and a high exertion rate of 64.59%. Thirdly, in a combination test, three out of six hybrids from T98S crossed with 2-line restorer lines showed a yield increase of 6.70–15.69% for 2 consecutive years. These results demonstrated that the strategy can generate a new P/TGMS line with strong general combining ability (converted from a maintainer line), thus helping to increase the genetic diversity of male sterile heterotic groups.     

Linkage analysis of a fertility restoring mutant generated from CMS rice

 DNA polymorphism between a cytoplasmic male-sterile rice line II-32A, the male-fertile maintainer counterpart II-32B, a fertile revertant (T24), as well as two commercial indica restorers, was analyzed with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). A very low degree of polymorphism was found between the revertant T24 and II-32A compared with that of indica rice varieties. This result, together with agronomic and genetic evidence, suggests the revertant to be a product of a nuclear mutation. An analysis of polymorphism between II-32A and the revertant T24 with 510 RAPD decamer primers identified the co-segregating markers OPB07₆₄₀ and OPB18₁₀₀₀ to be linked to a sterile allele of the restoring locus in the revertant T24, at a distance of 5.3 cM. RAPD analysis of a mapping population of Tesanai2/CB with primer OPB07 revealed linkage of OPB07₆₄₀ with RG374 (10.8 cM) and RG394 (8.8 cM) on chromosome 1. Thus the restorer gene, designated Rf ₅, was tentatively localized between RG374 and RG394 on chromosome 1 and appears to be independent of other mapped restorer genes in rice. Received: 11 November 1997 / Accepted: 17 December 1997     

Genetic Variation of Main Parents of Hybrid Rice in China Was Revealed with Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

Total thirty throe parents of hybrid rice ( Oryza sativa L. ), including twenty five rice male sterile lines, throe maintainer lines and five restore lines, were analyzed by using twenty SSR (simple sequence repeats) primer pairs which disperse on 12 chromosomes in rice. Those primers detected 102 alleles among 33 parents of hybrid rice. PIC (polymorphic index content) values ranged from 0.274 to 0.773. PIC value is 0.554 on the average. Five SSR primer pairs selected from fifty six primer pairs can distinguish individually all of the rice male sterile lines and restore lines in the present study. As results from cluster analysis, it was concluded as follows. (1) Rice male sterile lines have abundant genetic diversity in China. Genetic background was vulnerable among rice male sterile lines used in large scale. (2) In indica rice, genetic variation of the restored lines is larger than that of the male sterile lines. (3) The restored lines were clustered separately from the male sterile lines which are grown widely for production.     

用微卫星DNA标记检测中国主要杂交水稻亲本的遗传差异

选用分布于水稻(OryzasativaL.)12条染色体上的20对SSR(Simplesequencerepeats)引物,分析了具有多种质源和较大应用面积的24个水稻胞质雄性不育系、1个光(温)敏核不育系、3个保持系和5个生产中应用较广的恢复系。在以上33份杂交水稻亲本材料间共检测出102个等位基因(alleles),平均每对SSR引物可检测到5.1个等位基因。PIC(polymorphicindexcontent)值的变动范围为0.274～0.773,平均PIC值为0.554。从56对SSR引物中筛选出5对引物,能够有效地区分所有供试的水稻雄性不育系和恢复系。杂交水稻亲本的聚类分析表明:(1)我国水稻雄性不育系遗传变异丰富,但生产中主要应用的水稻雄性不育系遗传背景比较单一。(2)生产中应用面积较大的水稻雄性不育系遗传变异较恢复系差。(3)生产中主要应用的水稻雄性不育系与恢复系分别聚类于不同的类群,且遗传关系较远。     

三系杂交稻亲本随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分析

选用9个随机引物对31份杂交水稻亲本材料进行了RAPD分析, 共检测到60条多态性带。聚类分析结果表明,所有供试材料可以被明确地区分。在9个随机引物中,有8个具有较高的多态性检测能力。以这8个引物为基础,选用任两个引物即可在任一对材料中检测出多态性的频率在96.13%以上,而选用任3个引物则该频率在99.21%以上。这显示了运用RAPD鉴定稻种具有简便、灵敏、高效的优点,在鉴定杂交稻种的实践中有着良好的应用前景。 Abstract:Seven rice sterile lines,12 maintainer lines and 12 restorer lines were analyzed by RAPD with 9 primers.Altogether,118 fragments were generated,of which 60 detected polymorphisms among rice marker.Eight of nine primers can detect high polymorphism.The frequencies of polymorphism in any primers were used,the frequencies would be higher than 99.21%.The eight primers were therefore recommended as candidates for the identification of hybrid rice seeds.     

Deep re-sequencing of a widely used maintainer line of hybrid rice for discovery of DNA polymorphisms and evaluation of genetic diversity

Genetic diversity within parental lines of hybrid rice is the foundation of heterosis utilization and yield improvement. Previous studies have suggested that genetic diversity was narrow in cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS/A line) and restorer lines (R line) for Three-line hybrid rice. However, the genetic diversity within maintainer lines (B line), especially at a genome-wide scale, remains largely unknown. In the present study, we performed deep re-sequencing of the elite maintainer line V20B (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica). We then compared the V20B sequence with the 93-11 (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) genome sequence. 112.1 × 106 paired-end reads (PE reads) were generated with approximately 30-fold sequencing depth. The V20B PE reads uniquely covered 87.6 % of the 93-11 genome sequence. Overall, a total of 660,778 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and 266,301 insertions and deletions (InDels) were identified, yielding an average of 2.1 SNPs/kb and 0.8 InDels/kb. Genome-wide distribution of the SNPs and InDels was non-random, and variation-rich and variation-poor regions were identified in all chromosomes. A total of 20,562 non-synonymous SNPs spanning 8,854 genes were annotated. Our results identified DNA polymorphisms at the genome-wide scale and uncovered the high level of genetic diversity between V20B and 93-11. Our results proved that next-generation sequencing technologies can be powerful tools to study genome-wide DNA polymorphisms, to query genetic diversity, and to enable molecular improvement efforts with Three-line hybrid rice. Further, our results also indicated that 93-11 could be used as core germplasm for the improvement of wild-abortive CMS lines and the maintainer lines.