宁夏六盘伪黑盲蛛记述(盲蛛目,开气门亚目,硬体盲蛛科)(英文)

记述了分布于中国宁夏回族自治区的伪黑盲蛛属Pseudomelanopa 1新种:六盘伪黑盲蛛P.liupan sp.nov.,此种与本属中的唯一种类台湾伪黑盲蛛P.taiwana相比较,雄蛛的阳茎和雌蛛的纳精囊明显不同;新种步足上的刺明显小于台湾伪黑盲蛛P.taiwana;新种雌蛛眼丘光滑,而台湾伪黑盲蛛P.taiwana眼丘上具1对小钝突;新种雄蛛触肢膝节和胫节光滑,仅在其膝节远端具1尖刺,而台湾伪黑盲蛛P.taiwana雄蛛触肢膝节和胫节背面具小齿.新种模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆.     

中国吻额蛛属一新种（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科：微蛛亚科）

本文描述了作者1986年采自湖北省神农架林区的吻额蛛属Aprifrontalia一新种:膨大吻额蛛,新种Aprifrontalia afflata sp.nov.。目前,除本新种外,世界仅报道过1种:Aprifrontalia mascula,本新种雄蛛最显著的特征是:其额向前突呈吻状,触肢胫节前端甚膨大。外雌器形成一斜向下方的突起。模式标本保存于白求恩医科大学生物教研室。     

中国海南奥利蛛属1新种（蜘蛛目：巨蟹蛛科）

本文报道了采自海南岛的巨蟹蛛科奥利蛛属Oliosl新种：指奥利蛛Oliosdigitatus sp．nov．。模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆。指奥利蛛,新种Oliosdigitatus sp．nov．（图1-4）正模♂,海南省昌江黎族自治县霸王岭镇,2009—5—25,张超采。副模2♂♂,海南省昌江黎族自治县霸王岭镇,2009—5—25,张超采。鉴别特征：在奥利蛛属Olios的种类中,本新种的生殖器官与Olios scalptor Jager＆Ono,2001非常相似,但具有以下特征可以区别：本新种雄蛛触肢器胫节突端半部指状;引导器半透明膜状,基部比端部厚,且基部具皱褶。词源学：以雄蛛触肢器胫节突的形状命名。地理分布：海南     

中国冕蟹蛛属一新种记述(蜘蛛目,蟹蛛科)

记述了采自中国湖南省石门县壶瓶山境内的蟹蛛科形状不同,本种纳精囊细管状,而后者囊状;3)新种螯肢Thomisidae冕蟹蛛属Smodicinodes 1新种,壶瓶冕蟹蛛Smod- 前齿堤有5根须状长毛,而后者为2个小齿.雄蛛与Smodiicinodes hupingesissp nov..新种与Smodicinodes kovaci Ono,cinodes schwendingeri Benjamin,2002相似,但有以下几点不1993相似,但有以下几点不同:1)两者头胸部和腹部的比同:1)腹部形状不同;2)本种触肢胫节腹突和跗舟延伸部例不同,且前者腹部梨形,后者腹部长卵圆形;2)交媾腔分尖锐,而后者圆钝;3)胫节后侧突指状,而后者分叉.     

方胫莫蛛新种记述及其与毛笔莫蛛的比较(蜘蛛目,皿蛛科)

记述中国皿蛛科1新纪录属和1新种：莫蛛属Moebelia Dahl,1886,方胫莫蛛 Moebelia rectangula sp.nov.模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所,北京. 方胫莫蛛,新种Moebelia rectangula sp.nov.（图1～11） 正模♂,河北嶂石岩, 2005-09-12 ,李枢强采;副模8♀♀,12 ♂♂,河北嶂石岩,李枢强等采; 4♀♀,7♂♂,北京门头沟,王倩等采。 新种与产自芬兰的毛笔莫蛛Moebelia penicillata（图12～22）相近,两者主要区别：前者触肢胫节无毛笔状毛簇;前者触肢前侧胫节突方形,后者锥形;前者超盾片突无三角形片状突起;前者外雌器后缘比后者宽;前者纳精囊之间的距离窄于后者。     

中国幽灵蛛属两新种记述(蜘蛛目:幽灵蛛科)

记述了幽灵蛛科幽灵蛛属2新种:舌幽灵蛛Pholcus lingulatus sp. nov. 和青城幽灵蛛Pholcus qingchengensis sp. nov..模式标本保存在河北大学生命科学学院.舌幽灵蛛,新种Pholcus lingulatus sp.nov. (图1～8)正模♀,副模2♂♂,2♀♀,吉林省桦甸市苇沙河,1973年8月13日.鉴别特征新种雄性触肢器的钩状突形状近似于Pholcus clavimaculatus Zhu et Song, 1999,但有如下2点不同:1)雄性触肢转节距呈弯指状,2)跗前突具一蛇舌状突起.新种的种名根据雄性触肢器跗前突、前侧突起的形状而拟定.青城幽灵蛛,新种Pholcus qingchengensis sp.nov. (图9～14)正模♂,副模1♂,四川省都江堰市青城山,1975年10月26日.鉴别特征新种雄性触肢器的钩状突形状近似于关氏幽灵蛛Pholcus guani Song et Ren, 1994,但有如下3点不同:1)雄性触肢转节距呈铲状,2)跗前突具一钉状突起,3)螯肢前面中部具2个突起.新种的种名根据模式标本的采集地而拟定.     

贵州洞穴小弱蛛属一新种记述(蜘蛛目:弱蛛科)

记述采自贵州省施秉县一洞穴小弱蛛属Leptonetela一新种,施秉小弱蛛Leptonetela shibingensis sp.nov.。该新种近似于查氏小弱蛛Leptonetela zhai WangLi,2011,主要区别有:眼退化,仅留眼丘,后者6眼完全;雄蛛触肢器中突(median apophysis,M)小,三角形,而后者中突大,近掌状;雄蛛触肢器胫节基刺(basal spine of male palpal tibia,TBS)短而粗,末端向内弯曲。模式标本保存于贵州科学院生物研究所。     

中国新园蛛属三新种(蜘蛛目,园蛛科)(英文)

记述中国园蛛科新园蛛属3新种:朱氏新园蛛Neoscona zhui sp.nov.,黄色新园蛛N.flavescenssp.nov.和崇左新园蛛N.chongzuoensis sp.nov.模式标本保存在河北大学博物馆。文中测量单位为mm。朱氏新园蛛,新种Neoscona zhuisp.nov.(图1~9)正模♀,福建武夷山自然保护区,2003年7月17日,张超采。副模1♂,福建武夷山自然保护区,2003年7月17日,张超采。新种与多褶新园蛛N.multiplicans(Chamberlin,1924)近似,区别为:1)新种雌蛛的外雌器基部窄,垂体较长;2)新种外雌器垂体的的侧隆起位于中部,而多褶新园蛛的侧隆起位于垂体的末端;3)新种触肢器的引导器有1骨质化的裂片,而多褶新园蛛无裂片;4)两者中突齿的位置不同;5)新种基节Ⅳ具1肉质的小瘤状突起,而多褶新园蛛无小突起。新种与类青新园蛛N.scylloides(B senberg & Strand,1906)近似,区别为:1)新种雌蛛外雌器的垂体短;2)新种中突相对较小;3)新种触肢器的顶突基部具1凹陷,而类青新园蛛无凹陷;4)两者胫节Ⅱ的刚毛数不同。词源:新种...     

中国格德蛛属一新种：蜘蛛目：跳蛛科

本文记述采自湖南道县的跳蛛科格德蛛属一新种,定名为道县格德蛛Gedea daoxianensis sp.nov.。本新种根据雄性触肢胫节两个突起的形状,可与本属内其他种类相区别。     

中国塔逸蛛属一新种记述(蜘蛛目,逸蛛科)

记述采自安徽典山逸蛛科1新种,定名为黄山塔逸蛛Takeosa muangshan sp. Nov. 模式标本保存在河北大学生命科学学院.黄山塔逸蛛Takeoa huangshan sp. Nov.正模♂,安徽山民主镇,2002年8月9日,唐鑫生、宋志顺采.鉴别特征:新种近似于西川塔逸啤酒Takeoa nishimurai(Yaginuma, 1963),但其第1步足胫节具8对腹刺;雄蛛触肢器的引导器末端分叉,中突近梯形,不同于后者.     

Materials for Chinese Phyllanthoideae

The present paper is part of taxonomic study on Chinese Phyllanthoideae. Included in it are two new varieties, Leptopus esquirolii var. villosus and Drypetes hainanensis var. longistipitata, one new combination, Glochidion triandrum var. siamense, and seven new records in China: Drypetes salicifolia, D. hoaensis. Actephila subsessilis, Glochidion khasicum, G. nubigennum, Bridelia spiosa and B. poilanei. In addition, seventeen taxon names are newly reduced: Liodendron formosanum = Drypetes formosana, Liodendron matsumurae = Drypetes matsumurae, D. longipes = D. indica, Antidesma paxii = A. acidum, A. hiiranense, A. filipes and A. pentandrum var. hiiranense = A. japonicum, A. calvescens = A. montanum, A. microphyllum = A. venosum, Breynia stipitata var. formosana and B. jormosana = B. vitis-idaea, Glochidion zeylanicum var. tomentosum = G. hirsutum, G. rubidulum = G. thomsonii, G. acuminatum = G. triandrum, G. fagifolium and Phyllanthus fagifolius = Glochidion sphaerogynum, Bridelia penangiena = B. insulana, B. henryana = B. tomentosa. All the types are kept in SCBl and PE.     

Phylogenetic revision of the Taenogera Kröber genus-group (Diptera: Therevidae), with descriptions of two new genera

The phylogenetic relationships of the Taenogera genus-group, consisting of nine genera, are examined using cladistic methods. Twenty-one species representing nine genera and one outgroup were compared in a cladistic analysis across 99 states in 44 characters. The genus Taenogera Kröber is revised to contain only T. longa (Schiner), T. nitida (Macquart) and T. notatithorax Mann. Two new genera are described and figured: Actenomeros gen. n., with two species, A. corniculaticaudus sp. n. and A. onyx sp. n.; and Taenogerella gen. n., with four species, Ta. elizabethae sp. n., Ta. platina sp. n., Ta. schlingeri sp. n. and Ta . nigrapicalis (Mann) comb. n. Phylogenetic analysis also supports the removal of Nanexila gracilis (Mann) comb. n. from Taenogera .     

Relationships between host blood factors and proteases in Glossina morsitans subspecies infected with Trypanosoma congolense

Abstract. Host blood effects on Trypanosoma congolense establishment in Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis were investigated using goat, rabbit, cow and rhinoceros blood. Meals containing goat erythrocytes facilitated infection in G. m. morsitans , whereas meals containing goat plasma facilitated infection in G. m. centralis. Goat blood effects were not observed in the presence of complementary rabbit blood components. N-acetyl-glucosamine (a midguMectin inhibitor) increased infection rates in some, but not all, blood manipulations. Cholesterol increased infection rates in G. m. centralis only. Both compounds together added to cow blood produced superinfection in G. m. centralis , but not in G. m. morsitans. Midgut protease levels did not differ 6 days post-infection in flies maintaining infections versus flies clearing infections. Protease levels were weakly correlated with patterns of infection, but only in G. m. morsitans. These results suggest that physiological mechanisms responsible for variation in infection rates are only superficially similar in these closely-related tsetse.     

Selection of Verticillium lecanii Isolates with High Potential for Biocontrol of Cucumber Powdery Mildew by Means of Components Analysis at Different Humidity Regimes

To identify characteristics for the selection of Verticillium lecanii isolates with high potential for biocontrol of Sphaerotheca fuliginea under glasshouse conditions, an exploratory study was performed on the effect of water limitation on the development of 14 isolates. The conidial germination, growth and sporulation of isolates of V. lecanii were studied in a tritrophic system on cucumber leaves and in a ditrophic system in Petri dishes. Their mycoparasitic ability was studied in S. fuliginea and Cladosporium cladosporioides . All characteristics were clearly affected by humidity. Four isolates showed good biocontrol potential. The performance of isolates on agar had less predictive value than on powdery mildew. The germination of isolates of V. lecanii was lower and the mycelial growth faster on agar than on mildewed leaves under corresponding humidity conditions. The results suggest that conditions in the phyllosphere differed from the set humidity in the surrounding air. A correlation was found between the lysis of C. cladosporioides growing in dual culture on agar with isolates of V. lecanii and the parasitism of powdery mildew on detached, rooted leaves. C. cladosporioides might offer a suitable substrate for testing isolates of V. lecanii for mycoparasitic potential under various environmental conditions. Conidial germination, growth and sporulation had limited predictive value.     

Evaluation of the Palaearctic Eurithia consobrina (Diptera: Tachinidae) as a Potential Biocontrol Agent for Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Canada

The evaluation of Eurithia consobrina (Meigen) as a candidate for introduction against bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in western Canada included studies of its host range, distribution, synchronization with host, constancy, abundance and life history in Europe. In addition, its diapause induction and its coldhardiness were compared with those of the target host M. configurata and its native tachinid parasitoid, Athrycia cinerea (Coq.). E. consobrina was found to fit criteria for a successful biocontrol agent reasonably well. It also had the potential to fill a largely unoccupied niche in the parasitoid complex of M. configurata. E. consobrina has a facultative diapause of the long-day type, similar to A. cinerea, but is less sensitive to diapause-inducing conditions. E. consobrina is at least as coldhardy as A. cinerea and more coldhardy than M. configurata. Laboratory exposures to temperatures of 0 C for 140 days apparently selected for greater coldhardiness, and later generations survived exposures of 140 days at -15 C without significant mortality. Adult E. consobrina were released at three locations in Manitoba in 1986 and 1987, but establishment has not been confirmed.     

Predation by Halmus chalybeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Ceroplastes destructor and C. sinensis (Hemiptera: Coccidae: Ceroplastinae) Infesting Citrus in Northland, New Zealand

Predation by Halmus chalybeus (steelblue ladybird) on two species of wax scale was studied on citrus orchards in Northland, New Zealand. Field experiments using an exclusion technique of enclosing citrus branches in bags, found that larval and adult H. chalybeus preyed on first and second instars of both Ceroplastes destructor (white wax scale) and C. sinensis (Chinese wax scale), but not third instar C. destructor. Third instar C. sinensis and adults of both species were not tested but are rarely, if ever, attacked by H. chalybeus. The sampling of scale and ladybird populations and field experiments showed that few scales of either species survived past the second instar stage where H. chalybeus was numerous. The feeding rate of H. chalybeus on settled first and second instar scales was estimated inside bagged branches. Adults consumed on average 15.6 C. destructor and 13.3 C. sinensis per day per ladybird, while larvae ate 9.7 C. destructor per day. These feeding rates accounted for the experimental reduction of scale populations. H. chalybeus is a useful natural enemy for the control of C. destructor and C. sinensis when its activity is not disrupted by pesticides.     

Further flavonoid studies onAttalea species and some related cocosoid palms

In a flavonoid survey of direct and hydrolysed leaf extracts of sixteenAttalea, sevenScheelea and fourOrbignya species free tricin, tricin 7-glycosides, tricin 5-glucoside and flavone C-glycosides were the most frequent constituents; present in 100, 89, 70, and 81% of species, respectively. Luteolin, quercetin and isorhamnetin were each found in only 15% of the sample. The present results confirm the findings of a previous survey thatAttalea, Scheelea andOrbignya are chemically heterogeneous with as much variation between species as between genera. Furthermore, threeAttalea species,A. allenii, A. guaranitica andA. victoriana showed some infraspecific variation. On the other hand all three accessions ofA. ferruginea and six ofA. geraensis examined gave identical flavonoid profiles. The results support the view thatA. geraensis andA. guaranitica are closely related but do not support the suggested close relationship based on morphology betweenA. oleifera, A. burretiana andA. piassabossu.     

Investigations into the evolutionary history of the polyploid complexAntennaria neodioica (Asteraceae: Inuleae)

TheAntennaria neodioica polyploid agamic complex is a polymorphic species occurring across North America mainly north of the terminal margin of the Wisconsin glacier. This taxonomically difficult group has recently been treated as consisting of the four subspeciesA. neodioica subsp.canadensis, subsp.howellii, subsp.neodioica, and subsp.petaloidea. TheA. neodioica agamic complex has been considered of hybrid origin with several sexual diploid species constituting its parentage. Crosses were made among five sexual diploid species ofAntennaria, morphologically similar toA. neodioica s.l., in an attempt to discover its origins. Representative specimens of the five diploid species,A. neodioica s. l., and the synthetic interspecific F₁ hybrids were subjected to various analyses including PCA, cluster (UPGMA), and discriminant analyses. Results suggest that theA. neodioica complex is of multiple hybrid origin involving the four diploid speciesA. neglecta, A. plantaginifolia, A. racemosa, andA. virginica. BecauseA. neodioica is the result of diverse origin it is more desirable to consider the agamic complex as a separate, distinct species from its sexual diploid relatives. Several morphological characters in the diploid species were determined to be polygenically inherited.Investigations into the Evolutionary History of the Polyploid Complexes inAntennaria (Asteraceae: Inuleae). I.