Epididymite,M. S. T. et Fertilité

Before the antibiotic’s era, the clinicians have shown the relation between epididymitis and Infertility. At the moment, venerial diseases are the principal cause of Epididymitis by the young man. The early diagnosis of the urethral infection (acute or not) associated with a suitable antibiotherapy will allow to protect the fertility.     

Chemical Constituents of Schisandra rubriflora Rehd. et Wils.

Schisandra rubriflora Rehd. et Wils. is a traditional Chinese medicine. To search for new and bioactive components from traditional Chinese medicines and provide scientific evidence for taxonomy, the chemical constituents of the plant were investigated by various column chromatography methods (silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and RP-18). From the aerial parts of S. rubriflora, three new megastigmane glycosides,namely (3S, 5R, 6S, 9R)-megastigmane-3, 9-diol 3-O-[α-L-arabionfuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside](1), 7-megastigmene-3-ol-9-one 3-O-[α-L-arabionfuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (2), and megastigmane-3α, 4β, 9ξ-tfiol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), along with 14 known compounds, were isolated.The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods.     

Triterpenoid Saponins from Pulsatilla cernua （Thunb.） Bercht. et Opiz.

To investigate saponins from the roots of Pulsatilla cernua （Thunb.） Bercht. et Opiz., two new compounds together with five known trlterpenold saponins were isolated. The structures of the two new trlterpenoid saponins, named cernuasides A and B, were elucidated as 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl（1-）2）]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl（1-）4）]-α-L- arablnopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester （compound 1） and 3-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl（1→）3）]- [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （1→）2）]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester （compound 2） by 1D, 2D-NMR techniques, ESIMS analysis, as well as chemical methods.     

A New Combination of the genus Zingiber—Z. ellipticum (S. Q. Tong et Y. M. Xia) Q. G. Wu et T. L. Wu and the Systematic Evidence

The distinct characters of the flower of Plagiostachys elliptica, S. Q. Tong et Y. M. Xia are: (1) each flower possesses two large lateral staminodes, which are adnate to the lip (labellum) to form a deeply 3 lobed labellum;(2) connective extends into a curved, beak like conspicuous appendage (anther crest) and envelops the upper part of style. In the Zingiberaceae, these characters are only present in the genus Zingiber.Furthermore, in Sect. Pleuranthesis of Zingiber the spike also arises from side of the leafy stem. Pollen grains of the species are with cerebelloid sculpture,that is the character of the Subtype Cerebelloid areolate in Zingiberaceae, and are similar to those sculpture and morphology of Sect. Zingiber of the genus Zingiber and differ from those of Plagiostachys, of which pollen grains are with longer spines and belong to the Group long spinate of Subtype spinate. The endotesta of seeds in this species is composed of one layer of brick shaped parenchymatous cells, which is similar to the parenchymatous endotesta of Zingiber seeds and obviously differs from that of seeds of Plagiostachys, which consists of one layer of sclereids. Therefore,Plagiostachys elliptica S. Q. Tong et Y. M. Xia should be transferred from Plagiostachys to the genus Zingiber, and a new combination——Zingiber ellipticum (S. Q. Tong et Y. M. Xia) Q. G. Wu et T. L. Wu is made in this paper.     

Raoul Combes (1883–1964) et la S.I.G.M.A.

Sans résumé     

贡山三尖杉的新名称(Cephalotaxus talonensis Cheng et Feng ex S.G.Lu et X.D.Lang)及分类地位

提议贡山三尖杉的新名称Cephalotaxus talonensis Cheng et Feng ex S.G.Lu et X.D.Lang替代不合法的旧名称Cephalotaxus lanceolata K.M.Feng in Cheng et al.(晚出同名)。对比贡山三尖杉和三尖杉Cephalotaxus fortunei Hooker的模式标本和自然生长状态下的叶片形态,支持将贡山三尖杉处理为种的等级,不赞同Silba(1990)将贡山三尖杉降为三尖杉的变种［Cephalotaxus fortunei Hooker var. lanceolata(Feng) Silba］。文中提供4幅参照图片。     

Étude de Gilbertella: I. Influence des facteurs physiques et nutritifs sur la morphologie de gilbertella persicaria (Eddy) Hesseltine et Gilbertella persicaria var. indica Mehrotra et mehrotra. II. Étude comparative biochimique. Position taxonomique

A comparative morphological, physiological and biochemical study ofGilbertella persicaria andGilbertella persicaria var.indica has been made. The two organisms differ not only in the morphological characters (phototropic branched hyphae bearing sporangia and rate of growth) but also in their cellular contents, with regard to amino acids, organic acids, lipids and fatty acids.Quantitative determinations of the free amino acids during the course of development of the species and the variety in media containing different sugars, show that the two organisms differ in the following groups of amino acids: glutamic acid group, glycine-alanine group and tyrosine group.The species synthesizes citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid and one unknown organic acid, whereas the variety synthesizes glyceric acid, lactic acid and two unknown acids in addition to the first four organic acids of the species.The amount of lipids in the variety is higher than that of the species under all the cultural conditions. Further, the difference between the two organisms lies in oleic acid. This acid is three times and less than one time more in quantity in the species than in the variety with mannose and trehalose, respectively. From the biochemical studies it is evident that the metabolism of the two organisms is different.The taxonomic position ofGilbertella has been discussed. The important morphological and physiological characters in which the genus shows similarities with the Choanephoraceae are: morphology of asexual apparatus and negligible or no growth in the absence of thiamine. On the other hand, the genus exhibits a number of morphological and physiological differences from the family Choanephoraceae.Sporulation inGilbertella is more intense than in the family. Besides, it produces phototropic branched hyphae bearing sporangia. Normally the family produces two different asexual structures (sporangia and sporangiola inBlakeslea: sporangia and conidia inChoanephora), whereas in the genus only sporangia are produced. Sporangia in the genus, unlike the family, deliquisce at maturity.Zygospores in the genus, unlike the characteristic sexual spores of the family, are Mucor-type.Gilbertella persicaria (IMI 101698) is found to develop a good number of Mucor-type zygospores, when mated withMucor luteus (obtained from Prof.Montant). No such mating is reported between Choanephoraceae andMucor spp.The rate and amount of growth ofGilbertella is generally much superior to that of the family. The genus grows and sporulates satisfactorily at low pH values (2.5 and 3.0) which are not suitable for the family. Besides, it utilizes quite satisfactorily both nitrite and nitrate nitrogen, whereas the family fails to grow on these nitrogen compounds.The genus may be separated from the family Choanephoraceae in view of the characteristic physiological differences and Mucor-type zygospores, and suitably placed in the Mucoraceae after broadening the concept of the family to include forms with appendaged sporangiospores (Hesseltine, 1960). A detailed study of lipids inG. persicaria by column chromatography has been made and the thirteen different fractions have been analysed. The fraction no. 12 richest in phospholipids (with and without amino groups) was analysed for amino acids. It was found to contain 33.14% of ethanolamine. Further, it contained glycerol, mannose and an unidentified sugar.A new method for measuring sporulation inGilbertella persicaria with the help of Densitometer Chromoscan is described. This method is suitable for fungi with intense and homogenous sporulation on solid agar medium.

---

Resume Une étude comparative morphologique, physiologique et biochimique deGilbertella persicaria etGilbertella persicaria var.indica a été effectuée. Les deux organismes diffèrent non seulement par les caractères morphologiques (les hyphes phototropiques ramifiées portant des sporanges; et la vitesse de croissance) mais aussi par leurs contenus cellulaires en ce qui concerne les acides aminés, les acides organiques, les lipides et les acides gras.L'analyse quantitative des acides aminés libres constitutifs au cours du développement de l'espèce et de sa variété, cultivées sur différents sucres, montre des différences importantes entre les deux organismes. Ces différences résident dans les groupes suivants d'acides amines: groupe de l'acide glutamique, groupe du glycocolle-alanine et groupe de la tyrosine.L'espèce synthétise les acides citrique, malique, succinique, fumarique et un acide organique inconnu, tandis que la variété synthétise les acides glycerique, lactique et deux acides organiques inconnus; en plus les quatre premiers acides organiques de l'espèce.La synthèse des lipides chez les deux organismes est influencée par les facteurs physiques ainsi que par les facteurs nutritifs. De plus, la quantité de lipides synthétisée chez la variété est généralement plus élevée que chez l'espèce. Une différence très importante entre les deux champignons relative à l'acide oléique apparaît lorsqu'ils sont cultivés sur un milieu contenant du mannose ou du tréhalose. Avec l'espèce cet acide est trois fois plus abondant qu'avec variété sur le tréhalose, cet acide n'excède guère la moitié de la valeur obtenue avec la variété.La position taxonimique deGilbertella a été discutée. Les caractères morphologiques et physiologiques importants par lesquels le genre montre des similitudes avec les Choanéphoracées sont: la morphologie de l'appareil asexué et une croissance négligeable ou nulle en absence de thiamine. Par contre, le genre montre un certain nombre de différences morphologiques et physiologiques avec la famille.La sporulation deGilbertella est plus importante que celle des diverses espèces de Choanéphoracées. Il existe d'autre part dans le genre des hyphes phototropiques très caractéristiques. La famille des Choanéphoracées forme deux types de fructifications asexuelles: sporanges et sporangioles (Blakeslea): sporanges et conidies (Choanéphora) alors queGilbertella ne produit que des sporanges déliquescentes à maturité.Gilbertella forme normalement de très nombreuses chlamydospores à l'inverse des Choanéphoracées.Les zygospores deGilbertella sont de typeMucor et peuvent même provenir du croisement deGilbertella persicaria (IMI 101698) etMucor luteus, alors que cette aptitude n'a pas été observée avec les Choanéphoracées.La croissance deGilbertella est plus rapide que celle des Choanéphoracées et le poids sec normalement plus élevé; les pH acides (2.5 et 3) sont mieux supportés parGilbertella que par les Choanéphoracées; ces dernières à l'inverse deGilbertella n'assimilent pas l'azote minéral (nitrite ou nitrate).En définitive, les différences d'ordre morphologique entre le genreGilbertella et les Choanéphoracées sont donc confirmées par les caractéristiques physiologiques et biochimiques que nous venons de mettre en évidence et nous adopterons la conception d'Hesseltine (1960) qui suggérait de rangerGilbertella chez les Mucoracées et la considérerons comme parfaitement acceptable.Une nouvelle méthode pour mesurer la sporulation chezGilbertella persicaria à l'aide du Densitomètre Chromoscan est décrite. Cette méthode est convenable pour les champignons sporulant d'une manière intense et homogène sur les milieux gélosés.

     

A taxonomic study on the genus LeptolepidiumK. H. Shing et S. K. Wu

A taxonomic study is made on the genus Leptolepidium K. H. Shing et S. K. Wu （Sinopteridaceae） on the basis of field work and specimen examination. Two species （L. caesium (Christ) K. H. Shing et S. K. Wu and L. tenellum Ching et S. K. Wu） and two va     

Bakkeius moragai n. gen. et n. sp. and Pojmanskia riosae n. gen. et n. sp. (Trematoda: Digenea: Brachylaimoidea) in birds from the Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica

We describe 2 new species of leucochloridiid-like brachylaimoid digeneans parasitizing a variety of birds in the Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, each of which we assign to a new genus. According to Pojmanska's (Pojmanska, T. 2002a. Superfamily Brachylaimoidea Joyeux & Foley, 1930. In Keys to the Trematoda, D. I. Gibson, A. Jones, and R. A. Bray [eds.]. CAB International and The Natural History Museum, London, U.K., p. 31-36.) key for the Brachylaimoidea, we are unable to place either species in any family. One species most closely resembles members of Leucochloridium by having well-developed suckers, lacking an esophagus, and having cecal shoulders, gonads at the posterior end, and the genital pore at posterior end of body but differs by having symmetrical testes, a posttesticular ovary, and a terminal genital pore; thus, we propose the genus Bakkeius for it. The second new genus resembles members of Michajlovia by having ventral genital pores but differs by having extracecal uterine loops in the forebody, a cirrus sac containing the pars prostatica and seminal vesicle, and gland cells surrounding the genital pore; thus, we propose Pojmanskia for it. These new genera must currently be treated as incertae sedis according to Pojmanska (op. cit.); however, we feel that future phylogenetic analyses will require emendation of the family diagnosis for Leucochloridiidae to include those taxa with terminal and ventral genital pores and with preovarian testes.     

Cephalaria Schrad. ex Roem. et Schult. of Dipsacaceae—A New Record from China

A new recorded genus, Cephalaria Schrad. ex Roem. et Schult. (Dipsacaceae), is reported here and C. gigantea (Ldb.) Bobr. is found for the first time inXinjiang, China.     

Pyrenomycetes of the Russian Far East—Additions and corrections. 1.Rossmania ukurunduensis gen. et sp. nov.

Rossmania ukurunduensis gen. and sp. nov. collected in the reverve Bolshekhekhtsirsky (Khabarovsk Territory, Russian Far East) is described and illustrated.Rossmania aculeata comb. Nov. is indicated as the second species of the genus.