广东省兰科植物新资料

报道广东兰科植物1新记录属——钻柱兰属Pelatantheria Ridley,及2新记录种,蜈蚣兰Pelatantheria scolopendrifolia (Makino) Averyanov、插天山羊耳蒜Liparis sootenzanensis Fukuyama,并对其形态特征简要描述。凭证标本保存于深圳兰科植物保护研究中心标本馆(NOCC)。     

广东景天科植物新记录属——石莲属

报道发现于阳山县的广东省植物新记录属,即景天科石莲属(Sinocrassula Berger),描述新记录种石莲[S. indica(Decne.) Berger]的主要形态特征。凭证标本存放于南方医科大学植物标本馆。     

Some New Taxa of Nitella from Guangdong,China

Guangdong Province extends across the subtropical and tropical zones. With favorable climate and plentiful rainfall, this district is extremely rich in plants. However, the study on the Charophyta in this province is scanty. The specimens we identified were collected from 4 cities and 10 counties of the province. The result shows that there are abundant representatives of Chrophyta, especially in Nitella, in the province. In this paper, however, only reported are some new taxa of Nitella. The 2 new species are Nitella sessilis and N. guangdongensis; the 3 new varieties are Nitella flagelliformis var. conglomerata, N. brevidactyla var. hainanensis and N. pakistanica var. magniantheridii; and the 3 new records of distribution in China are Nitella bengalensis Kundu, N. madagascariensis Zanev. and N. tenuissima var. sanukensis Imah.     

广东省种子植物新资料

报道广东省种子植物分布新记录8种(变种)：金缕梅Hamamelis mollis Oliver、剪红纱花Lychnis senno Sieb. et Zucc.、井冈寒竹Gelidocalamus stellatus Wen、沙氏鹿茸草Monochasma savatieri Franch. ex Maxim.、黔岭淫羊藿Epimedium leptorrhizum Stearn、三腺金丝桃Triadenum breviflorum (Wall. ex Dyer) Y. Kimura、华东野核桃Juglans cathayensis Dode var. formosana (Hayata) A. M. Lu et R. H, Chang、伏生紫堇Corydalis decumbens (Thunb.) Pers.。其中,金缕梅属、剪秋罗属、三腺金丝桃属为广东新记录属。     

Chamaelirium shimentaiense (Melanthiaceae), a new species from Guangdong,China

Chamaelirium shimentaiense (Melanthiaceae), a new species from Shimentai Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province, China is described. This species is similar to C. shiwandashanense and C. viridiflorum in having actinomorphic flowers with six tepals and unilocular anthers, but is easily distinguished from them by its strongly undulate leaf blades with crispulate margins and inconspicuous venation, purplish tepals with a slightly broadened and obtuse apex, and purple-tinged filaments. The infrageneric assignment of this species is discussed and a color plate is provided.     

广东金丝桃属一新种和一新亚种

1　ＨｙｐｅｒｉｃｕｍｌｉａｎｚｈｏｕｅｎｓｅＬ .Ｈ .ＷｕｅｔＤ .Ｐ .Ｙａｎｇ ,ｓｐ .ｎｏｖ.Ｆｉｇ 11ａ　ｓｕｂｓｐ .ｌｉａｎｚｈｏｕｅｎｓｅＳｐｅｃｉｅｓａｆｆｉｎｉｓＨ ａｔｔｅｎｕａｔｏＣｈｏｉｓｙ,ａｑｕａｆｏｌｉｉｓｃａｕｌｉｎｉｓｍａｊｏｒｉｂｕｓ,ｏｂｌｏｎｇｏ ｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔｉｓ,ｐａｐｉｌｌｉｓｍｉｎｏｒｉｂｕｓｄｅｎｓｅｏｂｔｅｃ ｔｉｓ;ｃａｕｌｉｂｕｓｎｅｃｐｏｒｃａｔｉｓｎｅｃｎｉｇｒｏ ｇｌａｎｄｕｌｏｓｉｓ;ｓｔｙｌｉｓｏｖａｒｉｏｓｅｍｐｅｒ 4 ｐｌｏｌｏｎｇｉｏｒｉｂ…     

Enrollment characteristics and risk behaviors of injection drug users participating in the Bangkok Tenofovir Study, Thailand

Background

The Bangkok Tenofovir Study was launched in 2005 to determine if pre-exposure prophylaxis with tenofovir will reduce the risk of HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDUs). We describe recruitment, screening, enrollment, and baseline characteristics of study participants and contrast risk behavior of Tenofovir Study participants with participants in the 1999–2003 AIDSVAX B/E Vaccine Trial.

Methods

The Bangkok Tenofovir Study is an ongoing, phase-3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis trial of daily oral tenofovir. The Tenofovir Study and the Vaccine Trial were conducted among IDUs at 17 drug-treatment clinics in Bangkok. Tenofovir Study sample size was based on HIV incidence in the Vaccine Trial. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect demographic, risk behavior, and incarceration data. The Tenofovir Study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number-{"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00119106","term_id":"NCT00119106"}}NCT00119106.

Results

From June 2005 through July 2010, 4094 IDUs were screened and 2413 enrolled in the Bangkok Tenofovir Study. The median age of enrolled participants was 31 years (range, 20–59), 80% were male, and 63% reported they injected drugs during the 3 months before enrollment. Among those who injected, 53% injected methamphetamine, 37% midazolam, and 35% heroin. Tenofovir Study participants were less likely to inject drugs, inject daily, or share needles (all, p<0.001) than Vaccine Trial participants.

Discussion

The Bangkok Tenofovir Study has been successfully launched and is fully enrolled. Study participants are significantly less likely to report injecting drugs and sharing needles than participants in the 1999–2003 AIDSVAX B/E Vaccine Trial suggesting HIV incidence will be lower than expected. In response, the Bangkok Tenofovir Study enrollment was increased from 1600 to 2400 and the study design was changed from a defined 1-year follow-up period to an endpoint-driven design. Trial results demonstrating whether or not daily oral tenofovir reduces the risk of HIV infection among IDUs are expected in 2012.     

广东植物区系新资料

报道了广东7个新记录种,即绣球藤、尾囊草、栀子皮、白花过路黄、曲轴黑三棱、线叶玉凤花、丝瓣玉凤花。其中黑三棱科为广东新记录科;尾囊草属、栀子皮属及黑三棱属为广东新记录属。     

广东省川山群岛开发利用生态风险评价

随着海洋经济的迅猛发展,海岛的开发利用程度不断加大,海岛生态环境遭到极大地冲击和破坏,导致海岛生态系统出现环境恶化、灾害加剧的趋势。广东省川山群岛,主岛为上川岛和下川岛,因岛上旅游娱乐和养殖用海等开发利用活动频繁,使其生态系统面临严峻的挑战。根据EPA提出的生态风险评价框架,分析了川山群岛的生态终点、生境类型和压力源状况,构建了一个用以描述川山群岛压力源、生境和评估终点间相互关系的概念模型,采用RRM模型思想进行了川山群岛开发利用风险评价。结果表明:上川岛属于开发利用的高风险区,主要风险区域是潮间带和近海两个生态子系统,其中以岩滩的开发利用压力最大,旅游娱乐和养殖用海是风险压力的主要来源,珍稀水禽是主要受威胁的物种;下川岛较上川岛的开发利用风险低,其岛陆、潮间带和近海3个生态子系统的开发利用压力都不大,养殖用海、旅游娱乐和城镇用地是风险压力的主要来源,也是威胁珍稀水禽和猛禽的主要压力源。基于此,从旅游管理、养殖用海管理等方面给出了上川岛和下川岛的风险管理对策,以期为海岛环境保护和可持续利用提供科学依据。     

广东兰科植物2种新记录

报道广东省2种兰科植物新记录：永泰卷瓣兰(Bulbophyllum yongtaiense J. F. Liu, S. R. Lan & Y. C. Liang)和低地羊耳蒜(Liparis formosana Rchb.f.)。活体植株保存在深圳市兰科植物保护研究中心种质资源库,凭证标本保存于深圳市兰科植物保护研究中心标本馆(NOCC)。     

广东淡水鱼类弓背青鳉分类形态性状再描述

食蚊鱼Gambusia affinis的入侵导致弓背青鳉Oryzias curvinotus种群严重下降而趋于濒危。其模式标本产地种群(海南岛那大)已经灭绝,野外种群已多年未见报道。过去,研究者对正模标本的描述存在严重错误且难于复检,现亟需对其分类性状进行再描述及模式标本重建。本文对近期采自广州南沙岛的弓背青鳉孑遗种群进行了分类形态性状再描述,补充了活体及浸制标本彩色照片,并对其雌雄间的形态差异进行了统计分析。结果显示,弓背青鳉区别于其他青鳉鱼类的主要分类检索性状是臀鳍条数目为19.60±0.80(19~22)、体侧纵列鳞数目为28.51±0.67(27~30),定种的关键特征是背鳍-吻端/体长:雄鱼为(80.9±1.3)%、雌鱼为(82.2±1.0)%、全部为(81.6±1.3)%;同时,通过单因素方差分析、主成分分析及判别分析等多元统计方法证实了其种内存在的雌雄异形现象,文中回顾并澄清了有关弓背青鳉的分类形态性状问题。当前亟待加强弓背青鳉保护生物学研究并应采取有力的保护措施尽早对现存种群进行有效保护。     

广东省生态安全状态及趋势定量评价

为研究区域生态安全在不同时期的动态变化及发展趋势,在国内外已有的研究基础上,根据压力-状态-响应模型框架,提出了一套完整的区域生态安全水平度量的指标体系和基于熵权法赋权的综合指数评价方法,从时间尺度上（1990～2004年）对广东省生态安全进行定量评估和动态趋势分析.结果表明,广东省生态安全综合指数从1990年的0.125增加至2004年的0.402,生态安全整体水平呈逐年上升趋势,但发展过程中存在的问题是区域生态压力在不断加大及生态安全现状水平仍处于“较不安全”状态.对广东省环境规划的实施效果进行预测评估,得出在实现环境目标的情景下,2010规划年和2020规划年的生态安全综合指数将分别达到0.533（临界安全）和0.691（较安全）.评价方法简单直观,评价结果客观合理.     

广东报春苣苔属一新种——黄进报春苣苔

该文报道了在广东丹霞山发现的报春苣苔属一新种——黄进报春苣苔(Primulina huangjiniana),并对其进行了描述。该新种与同属物种短序报春苣苔(P. depressa)最为相似,但两者在形态特征上能够很好地区别:黄进报春苣苔具有更短的、长2.5～6 mm的苞片(vs. 短序报春苣苔具有长15～30 mm的苞片,顺序下同); 花萼裂片等长(vs. 不等长),花丝基部附近膝状突起,中部以上具腺毛(vs. 于中部膝状突起且无毛); 柱头倒三角形,深2裂成2线形裂片(vs. 片状,稍2浅裂,裂片为三角形),侧膜胎座(vs. 中轴胎座)。加上该新种在内,丹霞山目前共记录有6种报春苣苔属植物,其中丹霞小花苣苔(P. danxiaensis)和该新种均为丹霞地貌特有植物。黄进报春苣苔目前在丹霞山的两个地方有发现,成年植株不超过200株,根据IUCN红色名录标准,属于极危种。     

毛药山茶——中国广东山茶属一新种

毛药山茶　新种　图 1ＣａｍｅｌｌｉａｒｅｎｓｈａｎｘｉａｎｇｉａｅＣ .Ｘ .ＹｅｅｔＸ .Ｑ .Ｚｈｅｎｇ ,ｓｐ .ｎｏｖ . (Ｓｕｂｇｅｎ .ＭｅｔａｃａｍｅｌｌｉａＨ .Ｔ .Ｃｈａｎｇ,Ｓｅｃｔ.ＥｒｉａｎｄｒｉａＣｏｈｅｎ Ｓｔｕａｒｔ) .Ｆｉｇ .1ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓＣ .ｃｒａｔｅｒａｅＨ .Ｔ .ＣｈａｎｇｅｔＣ .ｔｒｉｇｏｎｏｃａｒｐａｅＨ .Ｔ .Ｃｈａｎｇａｆｆｉｎｉｓ,ｓｅｄｉｌｌａｆｌｏｒｉｂｕｓｒｕｂｒｉｓ (ｔｅｓｔｅｎｏｔｕｌａｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｏｒｉｓ) ,ｂｒａｃｔｅｏｌｉｓｓｅｐａｌｉｓｑｕｅｕｔｒｉｎｑ…     

中国广东省虾虎鱼一新种——周氏吻虾虎鱼(Rhinogobius zhoui)(鲈形目:虾虎鱼科)

记述了分布于广东省海丰县莲花山溪流中的吻虾虎鱼属一新种,定名为周氏吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius zhoui。该新种可由如下特征区别于相近种：第二背鳍条I, 8—9;臀鳍条I, 7—8;胸鳍条16—18;纵列鳞29—31;背鳍前鳞10—12;椎骨数10+16=26;成年雄性个体第一背鳍无黑斑,各奇鳍具宽大的亮白色边缘,颊部与鳃盖膜无斑纹,体侧具6—8个红色斑块。     

中国广东一个小型杯状的斜盖伞新种(英文)

报道了一个采自中国广东省的斜盖伞新种——近杯状斜盖伞Clitopilus subscyphoides。该新种主要特征包括其小型白色的担子果、杯状的菌盖及8–10棱的担孢子,讨论了新种与近似种C.scyphoides和C.peri的差异。模式标本保藏于广东省微生物研究所真菌标本馆。