中国拟细角跳小蜂属分类学研究（膜翅目: 跳小蜂科）

对中国拟细角跳小蜂属Leptomastidea 分类研究进行了回顾, 并记述了分布于中国的拟细角跳小蜂属6 种, 其中草居拟细角跳小蜂L. herbicola, 红胸拟细角跳小蜂L. rubra 和谢氏拟细角跳小蜂L. shafeei为中国新记录种。文中提供了分种检索表、形态特征图。研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国小蜂科属间系统发育关系分析(膜翅目:小蜂科)

利用Hennig86程序的nelsen合意和Phylip程序的多数规则合意2种支序分析方法,探讨了中国小蜂科的系统发育关系。基于中国21属的30个性状,计算得到2个合意树,其分类系统与传统分类系统基本保持一致。在进化关系和亲缘关系上表现为:小蜂属(Chalcis)、卡诺小蜂属(Conura)、大腿小蜂属(Brachymeria)和脊柄小蜂属(Epitranus)相对最为原始,而泰内小蜂属(Tainaniella)和背突小蜂属(Oxycoryphe)相对最为进化,前者和后者之间的亲缘关系最远;亲缘关系最近的有:泰内小蜂属(Tainaniella)和背突小蜂属(Oxycoryphe),泊卡小蜂属(Proconura)和日本小蜂属(Nipponochalcidia),小蜂属(Chalcis)和卡诺小蜂属(Conura)以及细尾小蜂属(Megalocolus)和三角小蜂属(Trigonura),它们分别构成姊妹群关系。     

中国毛缘小蜂属Lasiochalcidia Masi 及二新种记述（膜翅目：小蜂科）

 首次报道了中国毛缘小蜂属Lasiochalcidia Masi种类,描述了该属细角毛 缘小蜂L. gracilantenna sp. Nov.和赤亮毛缘小蜂L. rufipolita sp. Nov.2个新 种,并记述1新记录种披绒毛缘小蜂L. pilosella。文中提供了毛缘小蜂属中国已知种 检索表。     

中国毛缘小蜂属Lasiochalcidia Masi及二新种记述（膜翅目：小蜂科）

首次报道了中国毛缘小蜂属Lasiochalcidia Masi种类,描述了该属细角毛缘小蜂L. gracilantenna sp. Nov.和赤亮毛缘小蜂L. rufipolita sp. Nov.2个新种,并记述1新记录种披绒毛缘小蜂L. pilosella。文中提供了毛缘小蜂属中国已知种检索表。     

尾叶桉无性系生长、干形和抗枝瘿姬小蜂综合选择

对尾叶桉60个无性系进行了生长量和桉树枝瘿姬小蜂的敏感性调查。结果表明, 生长性状在无性系单株间存在显著的相关性,而尾叶桉受姬小蜂的危害情况与生长性状间无显著相关性。对遗传参数的估算表明, 尾叶桉无性系抗桉树枝瘿姬小蜂水平有较高的重复力,可以通过无性系选择获得抗蜂、速生的尾叶桉无性系。最终通过独立淘汰法选择出6个优良的尾叶桉无性系。     

中国螳小蜂属一新种及二新纪录种(膜翅目,长尾小蜂科)

研究了长尾小蜂科长尾小蜂亚科螳小蜂属Podagrion Spinola,1811,描述1新种短脉螳小蜂Podagrion breviveirus sp.nov．及2新纪录种拟螳小蜂Podagrion isos Grissell ＆ Goodpasture和喀拉拉螳小蜂Podagrion keralensis Narendran。新种短脉螳小蜂Podagrion breviveinus sp.nov．与其它两种的主要区别是：触角棒节不膨大,棒节长度明显短于B．F7长度之和;并胸腹节2条亚中脊之间的夹角为锐角;前翅缘脉为后缘脉的8倍;产卵鞘长度约为体长的1．5倍。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

福州大叶榕隐头果内榕小蜂的分类

通过对福州两个样地大叶榕雄花期隐头果进行定时、定点采集,观察与鉴定,从546个花序果内共收集到榕小蜂33641头,隶属于小蜂总科中的7个科(亚科)7个属的11个种,其中传粉小蜂为榕小蜂科的Platyscapa coronata,其余10种非传粉小蜂分别隶属于隐针榕小蜂亚科Epichrysomallinae,金小蜂科Pteromalidae的锥尾榕小蜂亚科Otitesellinae和延腹榕小蜂亚科Sycoryctinae,广肩小蜂科Eurytomidae,刻腹小蜂科Ormyridae和姬小蜂科Eulophidae。传粉小蜂和非传粉小蜂的种类和数量呈现明显的季节性。冬-春季(12-翌年5月)榕果内小蜂的种类和数量较多,传粉榕小蜂是优势种;夏-秋季(6-11月间)小蜂种类和数量略少,Camarothorax bismasculinus和Sycophila sp.1是优势种。在非传粉小蜂中,Camarothorax、Sycophila、Otitesella、Sycoscapter等4个属的榕小蜂为常见种,而Ormyrus和Aprostocetus等2个属的榕小蜂为偶见种。根据小蜂的形态特征制定大叶榕隐头果中榕小蜂种类检索表,本实验为榕小蜂分类、榕-蜂协同进化研究,以及非传粉小蜂对榕-蜂共生体系的影响等研究提供科学依据。     

长尾小蜂属中国一新纪录属及一新纪录种(膜翅目,长尾小蜂科)

记述长尾小蜂科Torymidae中国1新纪录属突喙长尾小蜂属Rhynchoticida,及中国1新纪录种尾突喙长尾小蜂Rhynchoticida caudate Bou(c)ek,1978.突喙长尾小蜂属Rhynchoticida的鉴别特征为:触角粗而短;胸部黑,被密柔毛;后足基节侧面光裸区具大而深的半月形刻点;后足腿节膨大,其腹面具1排较宽的齿;腹部突起.提供了形态描述、寄主、分布及形态特征图.研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆.     

中国缺缘跳小蜂属一新种记述（膜翅目：跳小蜂科）

记述采自辽宁省草河口的缺缘跳小蜂属1新种:黑褐缺缘跳小蜂Cowperia subnigraLi,sp.nov.。本新种与其近缘种C.areolata(Walker,1872)的区别在于其额顶与头宽之比为1:2.53;单眼呈直角三角形排列;梗节长于第1索节;腹部卵圆形,尾须板约位于腹基部1/3处等特征。模式标本保存于东北林业大学昆虫标本室。     

中国阿缨小蜂属分类研究（膜翅目：缨小蜂科）

本文简述了缨小蜂科阿缨小蜂属Acmopolynema的分类现状和已知寄主情况,描述了中国阿缨小蜂属5个种,其中3个新种.喜马阿缨小蜂A. himalum Hayat & Binte 和东方阿缨小蜂A. orientale (Narayanan, Subba Rao & Kaur) 为中国分布新记录,同时提供了中国阿缨小蜂属已知5个种的分类检索表,并附主要形态特征图.所有标本保存在福建农林大学生物防治研究所.1. 长基阿缨小蜂Acmopolynema longicoxilla, 新种 (图1～4)本新种与2双暗带阿缨小蜂A. bifasciatipenne (Girault) 相似,但前翅最长缘毛小于翅宽的一半、后足跗节小于胫节等特征可与后者相区别.正模 ♀, 福建将乐,1991-Ⅹ-10,林乃铨.2. 网基阿缨小蜂Acmopolynema reticoxilla, 新种 (图5～10)本新种与本属其它种较易区分,特征如下 前胸背板完整,不分裂;前翅无暗带;后足基节网状,侧缘具刚毛.正模 ♂,福建将乐,1991-Ⅹ-10,林乃铨.3. 弯尾阿缨小蜂Acmopolynema campylura, 新种 (图15～20)本新种与东方阿缨小蜂Acmopolynema orientale (Narayanan, Subba Rao & Kaur) 相似,但本种前胸背板完整、前翅仅中间一暗带上翅毛特化、并胸腹节上脊的形状以及后足基节上的毛列等特征可与后者相区别.正模 ♀, 福建福州, 1987-Ⅸ-21,林乃铨.     

菱臼齿兽((犭亚)目、哺乳纲)耳区的骨骼结构

本文详细描述了菱臼齿兽耳区各个部分的基本结构;并指出了耳区结构与某些啮齿类的相似性,以及中耳鼓泡组成成份与戈壁(犭亚)兽(Anagale gobiensis)的区别。     

长吻鮠精巢及精子结构的研究

长吻鮠精巢高度分支呈指状。后1/3紫红色,由上皮细胞组成,既不产生精子,也不贮存精子。精巢的内部结构为叶型,由体细胞和生殖细胞构成,小叶的基本单位是小囊。精子头短而圆,主要为核占据,无顶体,核凹窝十分发达,有中心粒帽;尾极长,具侧鳍,轴丝基部有发达的囊泡状结构和线粒体。     

四川自贡大山铺蜀龙动物群——简报Ⅲ.蜥脚类

本文记述了中侏罗世蜥脚类一新属种——巴山酋龙(Datousaurus bashanensts gen. et sp. nov.)对李氏蜀龙(Shunosaurus lii)的特征进行了补充,讨论了它们在蜥脚类进化过程中的位置。     

Karyotype Analysis of 5 Species of Polygonatum Mill.

The present paper reports the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of five species in Polygonatum from Anhui of China. The materials used in this work are listed in Table 1, Photomicrographs of somatic metaphase and karyograms of the five species of Polygonatum in Plate 1, 2, 3, the idiograms in Fig. 1-11 and a comparison of the karyotype of them is provided in Table 2. The results are shown as follows: 1. Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.)Druce Two materials were examined. One from Mt. Huangshan, Anhui, has 2n= 16 = 10m (3sc)+ 6sm (Plate 1 :A, B). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 1. The chromosomes range in length from 2.85 to 8.85 μm, with the total length 48.63μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.11, The karyotype belong to Stebbins’(1971) 2B. The two chromosomes of the first pair have arm ratios 1.01 and 1.29 respectively, and The first pair has one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the short arm, showing heterozyosity .The chromosome num ber of 2n= 16 in P. odoratum and its karyotype are reported for the first time. The other from Langyashan, Chu - xian, Anhui, is found to have 2n = 18 = 10m (Isc)+2sm+6st(2sc) (Plate 1: C, D). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 2. The chromosomes range in length from 2.43 to 8.29μm, with the total length 46.67µm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.41. The karyotype is also of 2B. In a somatic chromosome complement the 2nd pair have one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm, showing heterozygosity. 2. Polygonatum filipes Merr. Two materials were examined. One from the Huangshan, Anhui is found to have two cytotypes: 2n= 16 and 2n=22. This paper reports one of them. The karyotype formula is 2n=22=8m+8sm(2sc)+6st(Plate 3: Q, R). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 3. The chromosomes range in length from 2.55- 5.85μm, with the total length 45.01 μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.29. The karyotype belongs to 3B. The other material from the Fangchang, Anhui, is shown to have four cytitypes: 2n= 14, 2n= 16, 2n=20 (Plate 3: W) and 2n=22. This paper reports two of them. Type I: the karytype formula is 2n=14=10m+4sm (Plate 3: S, T). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 5. The chromosomes range in length from 2.59 to 7.61μm, the total length 37.44μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest is 2.94. the karyotype belongs to 2B. Type II :The karyotype formula is 2n=16=8m+4sm+4st (Plate 3: U, V). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 4. The chromosomes range in length from 2.65 to 8.21 μm, the total length 46.01 μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.10. The karyotype belongs to 2B. The chromosome numbers of 2n=20, 2n= 14 and 2n=22, and karyotype of 2n= 14 and 2n=22 in P. filipes are reported for the first time. 3. Polygonatum cytonema Hua Two materials were examined. One from the Langyashan, Chuxian, anhui, is found to have 2n = 18 = 8m (2sc)+ 6sm+ 4st (Plate 2: K, L). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 7. The chromosomes range in length from 3.41 to 9.21 μm, the total length 56.34μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest is 2.70. The karyotype belongs to 2B. The other material from the Huangshan, Anhui, has two cytotypes: 2n=20 and 2n= 22. Type I: The karyotype formula is 2n= 20= 8m+ 6sm+ 6st (Plate 2: M, N). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 8. The chromosomes range in length from 1.75 to 5.03μm, with the total length 32. 91μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2. 87. The karyotype is also of 2B. Type II: The karyotype formula is 2n=22=6m+ 8sm+4st+ 4t (Plate 2: O, P ). The idiogram is Shown in Fig. 10. The chromosomes range in length from 1.75 to 4.95 μm, with total length 35.05μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.83. The karyotype brlongs to 3B. 4. Polygonatum desoulayi kom. The material from Xuancheng, Anhui, is found to have karyotype 2n = 22 = 10m (2sc) + 6sm (lsc) + 6st ( Plate 2. I, J). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 6. The chromosomes range in length from 1.86 to 5.61μm, with the total length 41.98μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.02. The karyotype is also of 3B. The first pair has one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm, showing heterozygosity. The chromosome number and karyotype of Chinese material are reported for the first time. 5. Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. The material from the Langyashan, Chuxian, Anhui is found to have two cytotypes. Type 1: the karyotype formula is 2n = 18 = 2m+ 2sm+ 10st+ 2t+ 2T (Plate 1: G, H). The idiogram is shown in Fig.9. The chromosomes range in length from 1.86 to 4.03μm, with total length 28.28μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.17. The karyotype classification belongs to 3B. Type II: The karyotype formula is 2n=24=6m+4sm+12st+2T (Plate 1: E, F). The idiogram is shown in Fig. II. The chromosomes range in length from 2.01 to 5.03μm, with total length 41.36μm and the ratio of longest to shortest 2.50. The karyotype is also of 3B. The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of Chinese material are reported for the first time.     

四川自贡发现合川马门溪龙新材料

记述了产自四川自贡上侏罗统的一具较完整的蜥脚类恐龙骨架 ,将其归入合川马门溪龙 (Mamenchisaurushochuanensis)中。新材料的发现弥补了合川种正型标本的不足 ,对合川种的特征作了重要补充 ,同时也使我们对马门溪龙的末端尾椎形态有了新的认识。     

The bronchial tree and lobular division of the gorilla lung

The bronchial ramification in one specimen of gorilla lung was examined from the viewpoint of comparative anatomy, on the basis of the fundamental structure of bronchial ramification in the mammalian lung (Nakakuki, 1975, 1980). The right lung of the gorilla consists of the upper, middle, lower, and accessory lobes. The right lung has the dorsal, lateral, and ventral bronchiole systems, but the medial bronchiole system is lacking. The upper lobe is formed by the first branch of the dorsal bronchiole system. The middle lobe is formed by the first branch of the lateral bronchiole system. The accessory lobe is formed by the first branch of the ventral bronchiole system. The remaining bronchioles constitute the lower lobe. The left lung consists of the middle and lower lobes; the upper and accessory lobes are lacking. The left lung has the dorsal and lateral bronchiole systems, but the ventral and medial bronchiole systems are lacking. The middle lobe is formed by the first branch of the lateral bronchiole system. The remaining bronchioles constitute the lower lobe. The bronchial ramifications of the gorilla lung are rather similar to those of the human lung.     

芒苞草形态学和胚胎学研究：Ⅱ.花药和胚珠发育的研究

芒苞草成熟胚珠为倒生型,薄珠心,双珠被。胎座为侧膜胎座向中轴胎座的过渡类型。胚囊发育为单孢蓼型。 成熟胚囊由印器,具二极核的中央细胞及三个反足细胞组成。助细胞呈倒梨形,极性不明显,珠孔端壁有角状的丝状器。中央细胞的二极核在受精前融合为次生核。 花药具二个小孢子囊,花药壁层为单子叶型,具分泌型绒毡层,小孢子母细胞减数分裂时,胞质分裂为连续型,四分体是左右对称式排列,成熟花粉粒为二细胞的。 在花药与胚珠发育过程中,多糖物质的消长是有规律的变化。     

小玉竹的胚胎学研究

小玉竹Polygonatum humile Fisch．ex Maxim．的花药四室．绒毡层腺质型,发育后期出现双核至多核。小孢子四分体左右对称型,偶见四面体型,胞质分裂连续型。成熟花粉具2细胞。子房3室,中轴胎座。胚珠倒生,双珠被,厚珠心,珠孔由内珠被形成。胚囊发育为葱型。受精后,子房壁和外珠被细胞中含有草酸钙针晶。胚发育类似于紫菀型,基细胞有时纵裂形成两个子细胞。胚乳核型。根据实验结果,并结合前人的资料,本文提出了黄精属的胚胎学特征,并在此基础上对黄精族的概念以及属间系统关系进行了探讨。     

小熊猫胃的解剖和组织结构研究

小熊猫的胃属单室腺型胃,它以角切迹为界,可分为胃底部和幽门部两部分。胃壁由粘膜、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜四层组成。四上皮为单层柱状上皮,具有分泌粘液的功能。胃腺有贲门腺、胃底腺、幽门腺三种,但贲门腺不发达。主细胞、壁细胞和粘液细胞的数量与分布呈现规律性变化。肌层发达,特别是内环行肌发达。并与大熊猫胃的结构作了比较。