乌鳢胃肠内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究

乌鳢胃肠内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究夏立群,王庆堂（同济医科大学组织胚胎学教研室武汉４３００３０）关键词乌鳢,内分泌细胞,免疫组织化学ＰＡＰ方法ＩＭＭＵＮＯＣＹＴＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＴＨＥＥＮＤＯＣＲＩＮＥＣＥＬＬＳＩＮＴＨＥＧＡＳＴＲＯ...     

中华姬鼠种群生态的初步分析

中华姬鼠种群生态的初步分析ＴＨＥＰＲＥＬＩＭＩＮＡＲＹＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＮＴＨＥＰＯＰＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＥＣＯＬＯＧＹＯＦＣＨＩＮＥＳＥＦＩＥＬＤＭＯＵＳＥ（ＡＰＯＤＥＭＵＳＤＲＡＣＯ）ＫｅｙＷｏｒｄｓＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＦｉｅｌｄＭｏｕｓｅ（Ａｐｏｄｅｍｕｓ...     

GENUS ANTROPHYUM KAULF.FROM CHINA AND NEIGHBORING REGIONS

ＧＥＮＵＳＡＮＴＲＯＰＨＹＵＭＫＡＵＬＦ．ＦＲＯＭＣＨＩＮＡＡＮＤＮＥＩＧＨＢＯＲＩＮＧＲＥＧＩＯＮＳＸ．Ｃ．ＺＨＡＮＧ（Ｔｈｅｈｅｒｂａｒｉｕｍ（ＰＥ）,ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏｔａｎｙ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ,Ｂｅｉ...     

中国点池蝇属一新纪录种

中国点池蝇属一新纪录种ＡＮＥＷＲＥＣＯＲＤＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＧＥＮＵＳＳＰＩＬＯＧＯＮＡＦＲＯＭＣＨＩＮＡ关键词双翅目蝇科点池蝇属新纪录种中国半球点池蝇Ｓｐｉｌｏｇｏｎａｓｅｍｉｇｌｏｂｏｓａ（Ｒｉｎｇｄａｈ１,１９１６）Ｅｅｔ．Ｔｉｄｓｋｒ．,３７...     

新疆风毛菊属二新种

新疆风毛菊属二新种沈观冕（中国科学院新疆生物土壤沙漠研究所乌鲁木齐８３００１１）ＴＷＯＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＳＡＵＳＳＵＲＥＡＤＣ．（ＣＯＭＰＯＳＩＴＡＥ）ＦＲＯＭＸＩＮＪＩＡＮＧ,ＣＨＩＮＡＳＨＥＮＫｕａｎＭｉａｎ（ＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔ...     

异裂菊属两新种

异裂菊属两新种梁健英（广西植物研究所,桂林５４１００６）关键词菊科;异裂菊属;新种ＴＷＯＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＨＥＴＥＲＯＰＬＥＸＩＳＣＨＡＮＧ（ＣＯＭＰＯＳＩＴＡＥ）￥ＬｉａｎｇＪｉａｎｇｙｉｎｇ（ＧｕａｎｇｘｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏｔａｎｙ...     

中国锥属一新种

中国锥属一新种符国瑷（海南省林业局标本室,海口５７０００３）关键词锥属;波叶锥ＡＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＣＡＳＴＡＮＯＰＳＩＳＢＬ．ＦＲＯＭＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＦｕＧｎｏａｉ（ＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙＢｕｒｅａｕｏｆＨａｉｎａｎ,Ｈａｉｋｏｕ５７０００３）Ｋｅｙｗｏ...     

广西树萝卜属一新种

广西树萝卜属一新种方鼎（广西中医药研究所南宁５３００２２）ＡＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＴＨＥＧＥＮＵＳＡＧＡＰＥＴＥＳ（ＶＡＣＣＩＮＩＡＣＥＡＥ）ＦＲＯＭＧＵＡＮＧＸＩ,ＣＨＩＮＡＦＡＮＧＤｉｎｇ（ＧｕａｎｇｘｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＴｒａｄｉｔｉｏ...     

蛋白激酶C对鼻咽癌细胞P21~(ras)表达的影响

使用蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）抑制剂与抗Ｐ２１Ｈ－ｒａｓ单抗,通过免疫细胞化学,双参数流式细胞仪等方法,探讨鼻咽癌细胞ＣＮＥ－２Ｚ中ＰＫＣ与Ｈ－ｒａｓ表达的关系。结果：１）Ｐ２１ｒａｓ蛋白在ＣＮＥ－２Ｚ细胞主要在胞膜（２７％）与胞浆（９３．７％）表达。作用于ＰＫＣ调节区的抑制剂ｓｐｈｉｎｇｏｓｉｎｅ（ＳＳ）（２×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）与作用于催化区的ｓｔａｕｒｏｓｐｏｒｉｎｅ（ＳＴ）（２×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）在明显抑制细胞生长的浓度使Ｐ２１ｒａｓ表达程度均减弱,胞膜阳性率明显降低,分别为５．６％与１．６％。２）蛋白质－ＤＮＡ双参数流式细胞法测定发现在Ｇ１期细胞群Ｒａｓ蛋白表达差异较大,提示Ｒａｓ蛋白主要在Ｇ１期合成逐渐增多;经ＰＫＣ抑制剂ＳＳ与ＳＴ处理后,Ｇ１期细胞表达的差异减小,说明ＰＫＣ抑制剂抑制了Ｇ１期Ｒａｓ蛋白合成。本研究结果提示：ＰＫＣ对Ｒａｓ蛋白向发挥作用的部位胞膜的转移具有一定的调控作用。Ｒａｓ蛋白的表达可能与ＣＮＥ－２Ｚ细胞Ｇ１／Ｓ期的过渡有关。     

云南黍属(禾本科)一新种

云南黍属（禾本科）一新种彭华周丽华（中国科学院昆明植物研究所昆明６５０２０４）ＡＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＴＨＥＧＥＮＵＳＰＡＮＩＣＵＭＬ．（ＰＯＡＣＥＡＥ）ＦＲＯＭＹＵＮＮＡＮ,ＣＨＩＮＡＰＥＮＧＨｕａＺＨＯＵＬｉＨｕａ（ＫｕｎｍｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉ...     

从野外大熊猫的粪便估计年龄及其种群年龄结构的研究

本文对野外大熊猫粪便中的竹秆咬节及切缘与竹叶残片量度和破碎状况的研究,并以此对已知年龄个体的牙齿切片和齿冠磨损程度进行验证,发现通过粪便分析,可将野外大熊猫种群,大体划分为4个年龄组。     

改变食物组成对大鼠胃肠道嗜铬细胞的影响

为研究食物组成对肠嗜铬（ＥＣ）细胞的影响，用免疫组织化学方法（ＰＡＰ法）对４组食物组成不同大鼠的胃肠道５－羟色胺免疫反应阳性（５－ＨＴＩＲ）细胞的数量和分布作了观察。发现食物改变会引起大鼠摄食量和胃肠形态的变化，但未见其生长发育异常。食物中米糠含量加倍后，大鼠５－ＨＴＩＲ细胞数量无显著增加，但分布型有明显的变化。食物中米糠含量或米糠和麦麸含量都减少到１０％后，大鼠５－ＨＴＩＲ细胞数量和分布都有明显     

野化培训大熊猫幼仔的食性转换

本文以2010—2020年15只母兽带仔野化培训的大熊猫幼仔为研究对象,基于红外视频监控系统观察和音频颈圈解译获得的行为资料、GPS颈圈跟踪定位采集的粪样数据,分析了野化培训大熊猫幼仔的行为发育进程和食性转换特征。结果表明：随着野化培训大熊猫幼仔的生长发育,与觅食和警戒相关的行为得到充分发育,且具有较强的时间关联性,包括食乳、爬行、走动、玩耍物品、爬树、咬玩竹子、饮水和采食竹子等。8～10月龄的大熊猫幼仔开始取食竹子,其发育性食性转换过程划分为3个阶段：食乳期(1～7月龄)、食母乳—食竹子转换期(8～28月龄)和食竹期(29～39月龄),其中转换期细分为关键期(8～18月龄)和过渡期(19～28月龄)。从统计检验来看,不同食性阶段间差异显著;过渡期的大熊猫幼仔可离开母兽独立生活,此阶段大熊猫幼仔食物组分比例与食竹期相比无显著差异。野化培训大熊猫幼仔的季节性食性转换规律与带仔母兽和野生大熊猫具有相似的格局,即春季主要取食竹笋,夏、秋季则以嫩竹茎和竹叶为食,冬季采食竹叶与竹茎。     

Characterization of immunoreactive motilin from the rat small intestine.

Immunocytochemistry, radioimmunoassay, chromatography, and biological assay using a rabbit isolated duodenal muscle strip preparation were used in attempting to characterize motilin from the rat small intestine. Several different antisera and monoclonal antibodies directed against natural porcine motilin were used. A variety of fixation techniques using Bouin's, paraformaldehyde, and benzoquinone with different staining methods including, fluorescein-conjugated second antibody, peroxidase-antiperoxidase or peroxidase-conjugated second antibody techniques were used. All methods failed to detect immunoreactive motilin cells in the rat small intestine. The same antisera were used in radioimmunoassays for motilin to evaluate extracts of rat intestinal tissue. Two of these detected immunoreactive motilin in gut extracts, and these antisera showed a different distribution for the peptide. Samples containing immunoreactive motilin obtained from cation exchange chromatography on SP-Sephadex-G25 were concentrated and assayed for biological activity in a rabbit duodenal muscle strip preparation. Desensitization of duodenal tissue to porcine motilin could be demonstrated by pretreatment with this peptide. The biological activity of partially purified rat intestinal immunoreactive motilin was not prevented by pretreatment of the tissue with motilin. Further purification of this preparation on Bio-Gel P-10 yielded an immunoreactive motilin peak that co-eluted with natural porcine motilin. Rat intestinal immunoreactive motilin did not co-elute with natural porcine motilin following high pressure liquid chromatography on a Waters microBondapak C18 reversed-phase column using a linear gradient of water-acetonitrile (10-45%) over 30 min. Although of similar molecular size, rat motilin is probably structurally dissimilar to other mammalian motilins.     

On the immunocytochemical localization of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.

The distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) immunoreactive nerves and endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas of a number of mammalian and submammalian species has been examined in order to throw light on the exact localization of this peptide. Seven out of 8 VIP antisera demonstrated numerous nerve fibers in the gut, whereas one antiserum (TR2) revealed only scattered, few nerve fibers. The distribution of endocrine cells demonstrated by the different VIP antisera varied considerably. Thus, some antisera demonstrated only endocrine cells in the feline antrum, others only colonic endocrine cells and still others only endocrine cells of the upper gut and pancreas. The variability in staining pattern of endocrine cells as well as recent radioimmunological data makes it opportune to suggest that true VIP is a neuronal peptide and that endocrine cells store peptides resembling, but not being identical with, VIP (VIPoids).     

鲢,鳙,银鲫和团头鲂肠道内分泌细胞中3种肽激素的免疫组化研究

应用ＡＢＣ免疫组化技术,用抑胃多肽、５－羟色胺和内啡肽３种哺乳动物抗血清对鲢、鳙、银鲫和团头鲂的肠粘膜中内分泌细胞进行了检测。结果４种鱼的肠粘膜中均有抑胃多肽免疫反应内分泌细胞存在,但未发现５－羟色胺和内啡肽的免疫反应。抑胃多肽免疫反应内分泌细胞主要分布在前肠前段,并单个地散布在肠褶顶部上皮细胞与杯状细胞之间,多呈长梭形。本文比较了不同食性鱼类和其他动物肠道抑胃多肽免疫反应内分泌细胞的分布规律,讨论了用５－羟色胺和内啡肽免疫染色的结果。     

Seasonal shifts in giant panda feeding behavior: relationships to bamboo plant part consumption

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is classified as a carnivore, yet subsists on a diet comprised almost exclusively of bamboo. Wild and captive giant pandas use highly selective foraging behaviors for processing and consuming bamboo. These behaviors are for the first time quantified in captive giant pandas over a 5‐year period of time showing highly specific seasonal trends. Giant panda feeding behavior was recorded using live video observations of two giant pandas housed at the Memphis Zoo from November 2003 to June 2008. Leaf was the primary plant part consumed from June to December, whereas culm was consumed primarily from February to May, with both bears displaying similar seasonal shifts in plant part consumption. From May to June, leaf consumption increased significantly (P‐values<0.001); from June to August, leaf consumption remained high and stable. From December to March, leaf consumption decreased significantly (P‐values<0.001). Specific behaviors for bamboo leaf and culm consumption were also observed. Both bears formed wads of leaves before ingestion while feeding on leaf, but the male employed this feeding behavior more often than the female (54 and 33%, respectively). Both bears used similar culm‐stripping behavior (26 and 25%), used to remove the outer layer and isolate the pith for consumption. This study indicates that unique seasonal foraging behaviors observed in wild pandas are also apparent in captive animals in relation to plant part selectivity and feeding behaviors. Zoo Biol 29:470–483, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

汶川地震对大熊猫栖息地的影响与恢复对策

 大熊猫是生物多样性保护的旗舰种, 保护大熊猫及其栖息地是保护生物多样性和生态系统功能完整性与稳定性的重要保障体现。汶川地震灾区位于大熊猫重点分布区岷山-邛崃山, 地震及其次生灾害导致该区27个大熊猫自然保护区不同程度受损, 8.3%的大熊猫栖息地因地震而被破坏。地震及其次生灾害对大熊猫栖息地的影响主要表现在: 1) 地震埋没和砸毁大熊猫赖以生存的主食竹, 地震可能诱发主食竹开花, 威胁到大熊猫的健康和食物安全; 2) 地震及其诱发的土壤和山石运动显著影响森林的动态特征, 森林大面积丧失或质量下降; 3) 地震改变大熊猫栖息地生境特征, 大熊猫个体交流的廊道阻断, 形成“生殖孤岛”, 遗传多样性降低, 栖息地破碎化进程加快。应对震后大熊猫栖息地恢复的主要对策有: 1) 重新评估震后大熊猫栖息地质量, 并重新规划现有大熊猫保护区群的布局; 2) 应用地理信息系统、遥感及数学模型等手段与野外实地实证研究相结合的方法, 全面查清震后大熊猫栖息地主食竹资源状况及分布规律并及时监测其动态, 复壮更新大熊猫主食竹; 3) 利用天然植被自然恢复和人工重建等措施恢复因地震而退化或丧失的大熊猫栖息地。     

An immunohistochemical study of gut endocrine cells in two species of insectivorous vespertilinid bats (Chiroptera: Pipistrellus abramus and Plecotus auritus sacrimontis)

11 endocrine cell types immunoreactive for either 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), somatostatin, gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), motilin, secretin, neurotensin, pancreatic glucagon, enteroglucagon or bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP) were found in gastrointestinal tract of 2 species of insectivorous bats. 5 of these 11 types of endocrine cells were located in the stomach and all 11 types of endocrine cells were found in the intestine. However, the distribution and relative frequency of each immunoreactive endocrine cell varied among the cell types and between the 2 species of bats examined. In Brunner's glands, gastrin- and 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were detected very rarely in Pipistrellus and only occasionally in Plecotus. The present results obtained from the insectivorous bats were compared with those of the sanguivorous vampire bats.     

Immunohistochemical study of the distribution of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the camel (Camelus bactrianus)

The regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the camel, Camelus bactrianus, were investigated using immunohistochemical methods. Ten types of immunoreactive (IR) endocrine cells were identified in this study. Among these cell types, only serotonin- and somatostatin-IR cells were detected in almost all regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Most of the cell types showed peak density in the pyloric gland region. The others showed restricted distribution: gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), motilin, bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP), and (gastric) substance P in the stomach; gastrin, CCK, BPP, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon, peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and substance P in the small intestine; and CCK, motilin, BPP, and PYY in the large intestine. Fundamentally the distribution pattern of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the camel is similar to that of cattle. The distribution and frequency of endocrine cells in the glandular sac region are the same as those of the cardiac gland.