Redescription of Enterobius anthropopitheci (Gedoelst, 1916) (Nematoda,Oxyurida), a parasite of chimpanzees

Enterobius anthropopitheci (Gedoelst, 1916), a parasite of the chimpanzees Pan troglodytes and P. paniscus, is redescribed. E. anthropopitheci can be distinguished from the two closely related species parasitic in man, E. vermicularis (L., 1758) and E. gregorii Hugot, 1983, by the following characters: in the males, the cuticular pericloacal ornamentation, and the size and shape of the spicule; in the females, the lateral alae, which are simple in the pinworms of man, are simple only anteriorly and divided into two crests at the mid-oesophageal level in the parasite of chimpanzees.Enterobius anthropopitheci (Gedoelst, 1916), parasite des chimpanzés, Pan troglodytes et P. paniscus, dans toute leur aire de répartition est redécrite. E. anthropopitheci est très proche par sa morphologie des deux oxyures de l'Homme, E. vermicularis (L., 1758) et E. gregorii Hugot, 1983, dont il diffère toutefois par les caractères suivants: chez le mâle, ornementation cuticulaire péricloacale, taille et forme du spicule; chez la femelle, aile latérale simple sur toute sa longuer chez les oxyures de l'Homme, simple dans la région antérieure se dédoublant en deux crêtes au milieu de l'oesophage, chez l'oxyure parasite des chimpanzés.     

Tetrameres tarapungae n.sp. (Nematoda: Spirurida), a parasite of the red-billed gull,Larus novaehollandiae scopulinus

Abstract

Tetrameres (Tetrameres) tarapungae n.sp. is described from specimens from the proventriculus of juvenile red-billed gulls from Kaikoura, New Zealand. The male is characterised by having two short rows of lateral cervical cuticular spines that do not extend beyond the middle of the oesophagus, a body length of 2.2–2.6 mm, and the larger spicule longer than half the body length. The male tail bears four pairs of subventral papillae and two pairs of lateral papillae. The pathology of the infections is described briefly.     

Redescription of Nesomachilis (Arcliaeognatha : Meinertellidae), with descriptions of new species from the Australian region

Abstract

Nesomachilis Tillyard and its type-species N. maorica (Tillyard) are redescribed, the latter from a topotypical paratype. N. blumi (Irian Jaya), N. howensis (Lord Howe Island), AT. novaecaledoniae (New Caledonia), N. queenslandica, N. tamborino, and N. watsoni (Australia) are described as new species. Structures diagnostic of the genus are discussed, and a key to species is given.     

Redescription, generic allocation and synonymy of Decorataria magnilabiata (Molin, 1860) n. comb. (Nematoda: Spirurida: Acuariidae), a parasite of the roseate spoonbill Platalea ajaja L. (Aves: Threskiornithidae) in South America

Decorataria magnilabiata (Molin, 1860) n. comb. is proposed for Dispharagus magnilabiatus Molin, 1860 [= Acuaria (Cheilospirura) magnilabiata (Molin, 1860) Railliet, Henry & Sisoff, 1912; Cheilospirura magnilabiata (Molin, 1860) Stiles & Hassall, 1920; Dispharynx magnilabiata (Molin, 1860) Gendre, 1920] (Nematoda, Spirurida, Acuariidae), a parasite of the roseate spoonbill Platalea ajaja L. (Ciconiiformes, Threskiornithidae) known from Brazil, France (bird in captivity), Argentina and Cuba. The species is redescribed and illustrated on the basis of the type-series (from Brazil) in the Helminthological Collection of the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. Syncuaria diacantha Petter, 1961 [= Decorataria diacantha (P.) Skryabin, Sobolev & Ivashkin, 1965], originally described from Platalea ajaja in France (bird in captivity), is recognised as a junior synonym of Decorataria magnilabiata (new synonymy).     

New data on Oncophora melanocephala (Nematoda: Camallanidae), a little-known parasite of scombrid fishes

The camallanid nematode Oncophora melanocephala (Rudolphi, 1819) is redescribed from specimens collected in tunas, Thunnus thynnus (L.), T. albacares (Bonnaterre), T. atlanticus (Lesson) and Auxis thazard (Lacépède) from the Atlantic littoral of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In addition to a specific structure of the buccal capsule, the species is characterized by the presence of seven pairs of preanal and five pairs of postanal subventral papillae in the male and by an unusual shape of body in the adult female; deirids are described for the first time in O. melanocephala. The structure of the buccal capsule of O. melanocephala, particularly the presence of a large posterior portion of capsule and a colourless connecting ring between buccal capsule and oesophagus, shows close affinities of Oncophora Diesing, 1851 with Paracamallanus Yorke et Maplestone, 1928. The findings of O. melanocephala in T. atlanticus and A thazard represent new host records.     

Paracuaria hispanica n. sp. (Nematoda: Acuariidae), a stomach parasite of the pyrenean desman Galemys pyrenaicus Geoffr. (Insectivora: Talpidae), with a redefinition of the genus Paracuaria Rao, 1951

Adult and fourth-stage larvae of Paracuaria hispanica n. sp., from the stomach of the Pyrenean desman Galemys pyrenaicus Geoffroy (Insectivora: Talpidae) in northern and central Spain, are described. The new species differs from the other members of the genus Paracuaria (P. adunca and P. soricis), among other morphological details, in its smaller body and spicule sizes, the presence of a cuticular ring around the tip of the female tail, and the existence of lateral alae running longitudinally along its body from the cervical region to the tail. In view of the latter feature, the genus Paracuaria is redefined. The fourth stage larva of the new species is distinguished from that of P. adunca by its monocuspid deirids. P. hispanica occurred in 45% of the 20 host specimens examined.     

Redescription of Ichthyouris bursata Moravec & Prouza, 1995 (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae), a parasite of wild and aquarium-reared discus Symphysodon spp. (Osteichthyes)

The oxyuroid nematode Ichthyouris bursata Moravec & Prouza, 1995 (Pharyngodonidae) was recorded from the intestine of discus (Symphysodon spp. and hybrids) cultured in discus farms in Bangkok and Nonthaburi, central Thailand, during 2006 and 2007. This material made it possible to study in detail the morphology of this little known parasite species, using both light and scanning electron microscopy (the latter not previously used for the male). The SEM examination showed taxonomically important morphological features not previously reported or erroneously described, including the presence of three bilobed lips, a pair of sclerotised plate-like structures and a median cone-shaped outgrowth on the posterior cloacal lip, short 'hairs' on the cloacal lips, digital phasmids in the male and, sometimes, up to two filaments on the egg poles. This species is of South American origin, which was confirmed by its recent record from a free-living blue discus S. aequifasciatus Pellegrin in Brazil. The reproduction and transmission of I. bursata in the conditions of aquarium tanks is probably permitted by the direct (homoxenous) life-cycle of this parasite.     

Redescription of Heliconema africanum (Linstow, 1899) n. comb. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae), a nematode parasite of freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) in South Africa

The little-known nematode species Heliconema africanum (Linstow, 1899) n. comb. (Physalopteridae) is redescribed based on light and scanning electron microscopical examinations of specimens collected from the stomach of the African longfin eel Anguilla mossambica (Peters) in the Nahoon River, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. This species, previously misidentified as Heliconema longissimum (Ortlepp, 1922), is a common parasite of eels in South Africa. The systematic status of H. longissimum, a species originally described from unidentified Australian snakes, is unclear and probably several morphologically closely related species have been included under this name.     

Proteomic analysis of the pinworm Syphacia muris (Nematoda: Oxyuridae), a parasite of laboratory rats

Syphacia muris (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) is a ubiquitous nematode that commonly infects rats in the laboratory which can interfere in the development of biological assays. The somatic extract of S. muris adults collected from infected rats was investigated using a proteomic approach. A shot-gun liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry procedure was used. We used the MASCOT search engine (Matrix-Science) and ProteinPilot software v2.0 (Applied Biosystems) for the database search. A total of 359 proteins were accurately identified from the worms. The largest protein families consisted of metabolic enzymes and those involved in the nucleic metabolism and cell cycle. Proteins of transmembrane receptors and those involved in protein metabolism, chaperones, structural and motor, signalling and calcium-binding proteins also were identified in the proteome of S. muris. Proteome array of S. muris may contribute to further elucidation of biological system of S. muris as well as host-parasite relationships.     

Cold-hardiness in Pelecitus fulicaeatrae (Nematoda: Filarioidea), a parasite of the ankles of Fulica americana (Aves).

The filarioid nematode Pelecitus fulicaeatrae (Diesing, 1861) is considered cold-hardy. Adults and microfilariae became motile when placed in saline at 22 C after having been removed from thawed carcasses of their host, the American coot (Fulica americana Gmelin) (Aves: Gruiformes). Adult nematodes from 5 of 12 carcasses became active as did microfilariae from 4 of 5 carcasses. Carcasses had been frozen at an undetermined temperature below 0 C for an initial 14 days and then at -21 to -24 for 100-159 days.     

Redescription of Cruzia americana Maplestone, 1930 (Nematoda: Kathlaniidae) a parasite of Didelphis virginiana (Kerr) (Mammalia: Didelphidae) in the USA

Systematic Parasitology - Cruzia americana Maplestone, 1930 is a common nematode parasite of opossums in North America. However, our present knowledge on the morphology of this species is still...     

Redescription, synonymy, and new records of Vexillata noviberiae (Dikmans, 1935) (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina), a parasite of rabbits Sylvilagus spp. (Leporidae) in the United States

Vexillata noviberiae (Dikmans, 1935) (Trichostrongylina: Heligmosomoidea), originally described as a parasite of Sylvilagus floridanus from Louisiana, is redescribed from material collected from Sylvilagus palustris in Florida and from S. floridanus in Kansas. New morphometric and morphological data are provided. Stunkardionema halla Arnold, 1941, described from S. floridanus from Kansas and New York, is proposed as a junior synonym of V. noviberiae. These findings confirm the occurrence of V. noviberiae as a parasite of rabbits and its wide distribution range in North America.     

Scanning electron microscopy of Turgida turgida (Nematoda: Spiruroidea), parasite of the Virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana, from southern California.

Taxonomic characters for identification of Turgida turgida Rudolphi, 1819, a parasitic nematode of the Virginia opossum Didelphis virginiana, were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The distinguishing feature of the cephalic end is the presence of numerous denticles, structures associated with the internal tooth, and 2 spongelike areas on the inner side of each pseudolabia. The posterior end of male T. turgida differs from that in other species of Physalopteridae by the number of caudal papillae (22), truncated postcloacal papilla, and patterns of ventrocaudal ornamentation.     

Ultrastructure of the trophosome, a food-storage organ in Gastromermis boophthorae (Nematoda: Mermithidae)

The ultrastructure of the trophosome of Gastromermis boophthorae (Welch & Rubzov, 1965) is described at selected points in the life cycle of this mermithid nematode. The trophosome is grossly modified for the assimilation and storage of nutrients, and comparison is made with a generalised nematode intestine, with which it may be homologous. At its maximum development the trophosome is a solid syncytial cylinder which almost fills the body cavity of the nematode. Internally it is packed with nutrient reserves, whilst the outer cytoplasmic layer exhibits features indicative of transport functions. The trophosome is linked to the hypodermis of the body wall by radially-orientated cytoplasmic bridges, and the possible significance of this arrangement is discussed in relation to the nutritional function of the trophosome.     

Three New Species of the Super Family Neotylenchoidea (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from Pakistan

Three new species in the super family Neotylenchoidea collected in Pakistan during 1979-80 are described. New species Nothotylenchus gohleni is related to N. affinis Thorne, 1941 but is differentiated by its longer, more robust body with tine cuticular annules, a more posterior vulva, inconspicuous basal knobs of the stylet, and poorly developed metacorpal area. N. geraerti and N. tuberosus are also close to this undescribed species, hut they have a more developed metacorpal area and a larger post uterine sac. Boleodorus zaini n.sp. is distinguished by its excretory pore open at a level with the base of the posterior esophageal bulb and by six distinct lines in the lateral field. Paurodontella sohailai n.sp. is closely related to P. densa (Thorne, 1941) Hussain &Khan, 1967 and P. minuta Hussain &Khan, 1967 but differs from them by its larger body, shape of tail, and seven incisures in the lateral field.     

Revision of the subfamily Meyliinae De Coninck, 1965 (Nematoda: Desmoscolecoidea) with a discussion of its systematic position

The Meyliinae contains seven species, belonging to four genera: Boucherius Decraemer & Jensen, 1982, Gerlachius Andrassy, 1976, Meylia Gerlach, 1956 and Noffsingtria Decraemer & Jensen, 1982, differentiated from each other primarily by the ornamentation of the body cuticle. The Meyliinae are compared with the Desmoscolecidae ( sensu Lorenzen, 1969; Timm, 1970) and found to be unique in the position and structure of the amphids and in the reflexed branches of the female reproductive system. It is concluded that they belong to the Desmoscolecida, closely related to the Tricominae.     

Cylicospirura advena n.sp. (Nematoda: Spirocercidae) a stomach parasite from a cat in New Zealand,with observations on related species

Summary Cylicospirura (Cylicospirura) advena n.sp. described from specimens obtained from a feral cat in New Zealand is characterized by the presence of toothless rounded knobs on the anterior ends of the longitudinal supporting ribs in the buccal capsule; a vulva either anterior or posterior to the oesophago-intestinal junction; its small size (less than 6 mm) and the presence of a thin, disc-like process on the tip of the short spicule. Additional figures are provided of Cyathospirura dasyuridis Mawson, 1968, and the presence of conspicuous lateral alae of Cylicospirura (C.) heydoni (Baylis, 1927) is noted for the first time. ac]19810222