碱性蛋白酶高产菌株EIM-8的筛选鉴定及其液体发酵条件优化

筛选分离得到一株高产碱性蛋白酶菌株EIM-8,并基于16S序列进行分子系统进化分析,鉴定该菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis).同时,采用响应面法对Bacillus subtilis EIM-8的产酶条件进行了优化.首先通过单因素试验,筛选出最适碳源为玉米淀粉,最适氮源为牛肉膏.在此基础上,采用Pl...     

Identification of xylanase-producing fungi EIM-30 and its optimization of submerged fermentation conditions

通过对木聚糖酶高产菌株EIM-30基于形态学和18S rDNA序列的系统发育进化分析,鉴定为里氏木霉Trichoderma reesei.在单因子实验确定EIM-30产木聚糖酶的最适碳源和氮源的基础上,通过Plackett-Burman实验对影响其产酶的相关因素进行评估并筛选出3个显著效应因子,然后应用最陡爬坡实验和响应面分析确定最适产酶培养基配方为:酵母浸膏1.50％,蛋白胨1.00％,NaCl 0.50％,PPG-2000 0.10％,MgSO4 1.20％,CaCl2 0.18％,(NH4)2 SO4 0.45％,甘油4.18％,乳糖3.05％,K2HPO41.59％.优化后Trichoderma reesei EIM-30的液体发酵产木聚糖酶的活力可达9.857×105 U/mL,较优化前提高1.98倍.     

木聚糖酶高产菌株EIM-30的鉴定及其产酶条件的优化

通过对木聚糖酶高产菌株EIM-30基于形态学和18SrDNA序列的系统发育进化分析,鉴定为里氏木霉Trichoder撇reesei。在单因子实验确定EIM-30产木聚糖酶的最适碳源和氮源的基础上,通过Plackett—Burman实验对影响其产酶的相关因素进行评估并筛选出3个显著效应因子,然后应用最陡爬坡实验和响应面分析确定最适产酶培养基配方为：酵母浸膏1．50％,蛋白胨1．00％,NaC10．50％,PPG-20000．10％,MgS041．20％,CaC20．18％,（NH4）2S040．45％,甘油4．18％,乳糖3．05％,K2唧041．59％。优化后TrichodermareeseiEIM-30的液体发酵产木聚糖酶的活力可达9．857×105V／mL,较优化前提高1．98倍。     

聚半乳糖醛酸酶高产菌的产酶条件研究

通过单因素及正交试验对米曲霉（Aspergillus orza）C491产生聚半乳糖醛酸酶的发酵条件进行了优化。该菌株的摇床发酵滤液以桔子果胶为底物时酶活力可达344．8U／mL。产酶最适培养基组成为：麦芽汁（糖度6％）中添加6％桔皮粉,2％硫酸铵（w/v）。最适培养条件：起始pH4（灭菌前）,30℃,r/min,培养112h。Tween80可以促进C－491产酶。     

木聚糖酶高产菌株的鉴定及产酶条件的优化

目的:通过了解木聚糖酶高产菌株A79的遗传背景.并优化其产木聚糖酶的液体发酵条件,为下一步工业化生产和木聚糖酶制剂的研制奠定基础.方法:通过形态观察和18S rDNA基因的分子系统进化分析,对菌株A79进行鉴定;通过单因素和均匀设计试验,优化其产胞外木聚糖酶的液体发酵条件.结果:通过对18S rDNA基因的分子系统进化分析,菌株A79被鉴定为黑曲霉(Asperillus niger A79).其最佳产酶培养基为:玉米芯5.0%,麸皮0.5%.纤维物质1.O%,玉米浆1.1%.(NH4)2SO40.8%,蛋白胨0.8%,CaCO3 0.5%,KH2PO4 0.23%,MgSO4,·7H2O 0.08%,微量元素(MaIldels)0.08%,pH自然.最佳发酵条件为:接种量5%(2.0×107),28℃、250r/min振荡培养96h.结论:经优化培养,酶活力由前期的50 000u/ml提高到90000u/ml,增加了近50%.     

一株产胆固醇氧化酶的不动杆菌的筛选鉴定及特性研究

目的：筛选鉴定产胆固醇氧化酶的菌株并对其酶的性质及发酵条件进行初步的研究。方法：利用唯一碳源的胆固醇平板筛选,酶活测定比较得酶活力最高的菌株;生理生化试验结合16S rDNA序列分析鉴定其种属,单因素及正交实验优化培养基及发酵条件。结果：所得菌株H4与产不动杆菌（Acinetobacter）有最近的亲缘关系,其胆固醇氧化酶作用的最适温度和pH分别为37℃和8.0,金属离子Mg2＋、Zn2＋、Fe2＋对该酶具有一定激活作用,菌株产酶的最适培养基为（g/L）：胆固醇1.5,蔗糖5,蛋白胨7,硝酸铵3,吐温1.0,pH7.5;最适培养条件为33℃,15mL培养基/100mL三角瓶,摇床培养（200r/min）48h,优化后发酵液酶活达135.8U/L。结论：获得了1株产胆固醇氧化酶的菌株H4,并初步鉴定为不动杆菌（Acinetobacter）。     

碱性果胶酶高产菌株产酶条件的优化

目的:对碱性果胶酶高产菌株的产酶条件进行优化.方法:通过筛选得到一株产碱性果胶酶的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)TCCC11286,利用单因素实验对其发酵条件进行优化.采用Plackett-Burman(P-B)方法筛选出对产酶有重要影响的3个因素(豆饼粉、MgSO4以及FeSO4的添加量),并采用响应面试验设计(RSM)对重要闪素进行优化.结果:最适的产酶条件为:玉米粉4%,豆饼粉3.55%,MgSO40.034%,(NH4)2SO4 0.4%,磷酸盐0.05mol/L,FeSO40.013%.结论:优化后其产酶能力得到了明显的提高,酶活提高到14.82U/ml.     

纤维素酶产生菌和糖化酶产生菌液体混合发酵的研究

应用正交试验设计研究了糖化酶高产菌株黑曲霉UV-11(Aspergillus niger UV-11)和纤维素酶高产菌株黑曲霉F_(27)(A.niger F_27)液体混合发酵条件。结果表明,发酵液糖化酶活力为6500U/ml,CMC酶活力为99mg葡萄糖/ml·h。与UV-11单菌发酵相比,糖化酶活力提高16％,CMC酶活力提高266％。     

脂肪酶产生菌Aspergillus niger NJY-1的选育及鉴定

目的：筛选耐高温脂肪酶产生菌株并对其进行18SrDNA鉴定及系统进化树亲缘分析。方法：通过聚乙烯醇橄榄油乳化液方法对所选菌株的粗酶酶学性质进行研究并通过BLAST和MAGE4软件鉴定和聚类分析。结果：从云南省福贡县的榨油作坊土壤中筛选到一株耐高温产酸性脂肪酶的菌株NJY-1,对其粗酶酶学性质进行研究结果表明：该菌株酶促反应的最适作用pH为6.0,pH稳定性为3.0-8.0,最适作用温度为50℃,温度稳定性为35-60℃。该菌株通过18SrDNA鉴定及系统进化树分析,NJY-1与Aspergillus niger具有最紧密的亲缘关系,达到99%。结论：筛选到了1株耐高温脂肪酶产生菌株NJY-1,确定了其粗酶酶学性质和其亲缘关系。     

响应面法优化黑曲霉产果胶酶培养基中无机盐成分的研究

利用SAS软件中的二水平设计和响应面分析方法较系统地研究了发酵培养基中无机盐组分对黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)JW-1菌株产果胶酶的影响.得到了在一定条件下果胶酶随无机盐组分的变化规律,并根据分析结果优化了产酶培养基.最终确定KH_2PO_4,FeSO_4·7H_2O,CaCl_2·2H_2O的最优浓度分别为0.85mg/mL,1.86mg/mL和2.52mg/mL,此时果胶酶活力可达5054.6U·g~(-1),为该菌株今后的研究和应用奠定了基础.     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism