THE RESISTANCE OF DROSOPHILA TO ALCOHOL

On page 536, in the heading of Table IV, after "with the standard deviations",insert "(σ₁)".     

昆虫对生物农药的抗性机制及对策

本文综述了昆虫对B.t等生物杀虫剂的抗性机制及延缓昆虫抗性发展所应采取的措施.昆虫通过下列不同机制产生抗生:1)昆虫的血淋巴对B.t等生物杀虫剂的营养细胞的抑制作用.2)各种来源的蛋白酶对毒素蛋白的过度降解作用.3)昆虫中肠沉淀蛋白对毒素蛋白的沉淀作用.4)中肠上皮修复能力增强.5)中肠的吸附位点对毒素蛋白的亲和力下降.通过加强对B.t菌株的选育,合理科学的用药方式及采用不同的模式进行植物基因操作以提高杀虫蛋白的表达和活性等综合措施,减缓和降低昆虫抗性的发展.     

GENETICS OF HORIZONTAL RESISTANCE TO DISEASES OF CROPS

(1) Horizontal resistance (HR) to diseases of crops has the following leading features: it is polygenically controlled and must be studied by biometrical-genetic methods; it is pathotype-non-specific and essentially ‘durable’; it has several components (e.g. infection rate, latency period, sporulation potential) which tend to be correlated; its use is relevant to the control of all classes of pathogen (fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, nematodes); though often unrecognized, it is very common and generally the means by which ‘minor’ diseases remain minor. HR may be contrasted with ‘vertical resistance’ (VR) which is procured by major genes and is pathotype-specific. VR has uses in particular circumstances but has often failed against airborne epidemic pathogens such as many rusts; hence the importance of understanding HR. (2) In this review the genetic evidence of HR is reviewed and examples are summarized in appendices. Very diverse crops, places and pathogens are represented. So far as may be judged, HR is indeed universal, and found or constructable wherever sought. The most important genetic evidence is based on generation mean and variance analysis, general and specific combining ability, offspring-parent regression and response to selection. Useful supplementary evidence comes from historical observations, continuity and repeatability of resistance and yield-related effects. (3) The main conclusions are that HR is universally available, usually highly heritable and responsive to selection, already keeps a host of crop diseases down to acceptably low levels and has socio-economically attractive features that are likely to increase its use in the future. In particular, it offers long-term stability of performance that must be valuable to small farmers in the Third World and is environmentally attractive because successful breeding programmes minimize the need for environmentally damaging chemical protectants. ‘Green’ pressures are likely to favour HR and some relevance to public policy is thereby implied.     

4种蔬菜对朱砂叶螨的抗性研究

４种供试蔬菜品种以对朱砂叶螨Ｔｅｔｒａｎｙｃｈｕｓｃｉｎｎａｂａｒｉｎｕｓ（Ｂｏｉｓｄｕｖａｌ）种群生长发育,繁殖及种群密度有明显增加,品种间存在的抗螨性差异,其中苦瓜抗螨性能,丝瓜,茄子,豇豆则表现在不同程度度的感螨性,朱砂叶螨能够取食苦瓜叶片,但发育历期延长,雌成螨寿命缩短,死亡率较高,而且在高苦瓜上不产卵,朱砂叶螨在豇豆,茄子,丝瓜上,发育历期短,雌成螨寿命长,产卵量大,死亡率低,Ｒ０,γｍ     

转入乳铁蛋白基因草鱼抗GCHV的初步研究

草鱼出血病是由草鱼出血病病毒 (ＧＣＨＶ ,ＧｒａｓｓｃａｒｐＨａｅｍｏｒｒｈａｇｅＶｉｒｕｓ)引起的爆发性疾病 ,在草鱼鱼种饲养阶段危害极大 ,迄今尚无有效的防治方法。人类乳铁蛋白 (ｈＬＦ ,ｈｕｍａｎｌａｃｔｏｆｅｒｒｉｎ)是人类非特异免疫系统中的重要成员[1 ] 。它不仅有抑制细菌生长乃至杀死各种细菌的功能[2 ] ,还能提高机体抵抗病毒的能力[3] 。转ｈＬＦ基因烟草的抗病研究已经取得可喜的进展[4] 。那么 ,ｈＬＦ是否具有提高低等脊椎动物鱼类的抗病毒能力 ,是一个具有理论和应用意义的课题。通过转人类乳铁蛋白ｃＤＮＡ (…     

腐食酪螨对低氧高二氧化碳气调的抗性

在10％CO_2,5％O_2(其余部分为N_2,下同);35％CO_2,11％CO_2;35％CO_2,21％O_2;75％CO_2,11％O_2,及75％CO_2,21％O_2,五种气调环境下对腐食酪螨Tyrophagus putrescentiae(Schrank)进行连续25～26代的抗气性诱导筛选。结果表明,抗性都有不同程度的增加,在75％CO_2,11％O_2下抗性系数最大为5.0,在10％CO_2,5％O_2下抗性系数最小为3.7,在其它气调环境下,抗性系数都在4以上。     

家蝇对DDT抗性的研究——Ⅰ. 家蝇对DDT及666抗性的形成

一、绪论 家蝇对DDT发生有抵抗性的现象,1946年首先在瑞士被人发现;1947年Sacca在意大利作了第一个详细的调查。接着,在世界各国各地都有了这样的报导。在苏联,及在1950年报道了苏联某一小城市中,在当年施用了DDT之后就发生有抵抗DDT的家蝇。及在1951年又做了进一步的家蝇对DDT发生抗性的观察。     

大豆疫霉菌抗甲霜灵特性研究

大豆疫霉Phytophthorasojae易对甲霜灵产生抗性,从大豆疫霉野生型菌株可诱变筛选到对甲霜灵有抗性的菌株Mtr。Mtr抗性菌株的抗性水平可达野生型单游动孢子菌株的870倍以上。Mtr性状在无性后代稳定遗传,在游动孢子后代连续三代未发生抗药性分离。大豆疫霉Mtr性状的保持对甲霜灵没有表现依赖性。Mtr单游动孢子菌株在不含甲霜灵的胡萝卜培养基(CA)平板上培养30d后对甲霜灵的抗性没有下降,其单游动孢子后代也未出现抗药性分离。     

醋酸钙不动杆菌对22种抗生素的耐药性研究

目的：检测102株醋酸钙不动杆菌对22种抗生素的耐药性。方法：AMS法,结果：耐药率IMI,AMI,CIP和TIA为5．9％－9．8％,CFT,CFZ,TOB和MEZ为10．8－19．6％,TIC,PIP,CAR,CEN和TET为21．6％－39．2％,CFP,CFS,CFU,AZT和AMP为52．0－59．8％,CFX,CFA和NIT为82．4％－85．3％,CEP为92．2％,在痰液,伤口及其他标本分离醋酸钙不动杆菌的测定结果之间,有多种抗生素的敏感性差异有显著性（P＜0．050－0．001）,结论：结果与文献报道一致或接近。     

大肠埃希菌对22种抗生素耐药性分析

目的 :研究大肠埃希菌 (EC)对多种抗生素的耐药性。方法 :用 AMS法检测 173株 EC临床菌株的耐药性。结果 :EC对亚胺培南、头孢他啶、头胞噻肟、丁胺卡那霉素的耐药率为 1.2 %～ 3.5 % ,对氨曲南、头孢西丁、呋喃妥因的耐药率为 8.1%～ 10 .4% ,对头孢呋辛钠、头孢呋辛脂、妥布霉素、头孢噻吩的耐药率为 11.6 %～ 19.6 % ,对头孢唑啉、替卡西林 /克拉维酸、环丙沙星、头孢噻吩、庆大霉素、替卡西林和美洛西林的耐药率为 2 7.7%～ 5 9.0 % ,对哌拉西林、四环素、氨苄西林、羧苄西林的耐药率为 6 1.3%～ 76 .9%。在五类标本中 ,不同标本分离的 EC对 1～ 13种抗生素的耐药性差异有显著性 ,P<(0 .0 5 0～ 0 .0 0 5 )。在 2 2种抗生素中 ,15种抗生素对 2～ 6组配对标本分离 EC的敏感性差异有显著性 ,(P<(0 .0 5 0～ 0 .0 0 5 )。结论 :EC对亚胺培南、头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、丁氨卡那霉素的耐药率低 ,对羧苄西林、氨苄西林、四环素、哌拉西林的耐药率高 ,不同标本分离 EC对多种抗生素的耐药性差异有显著性。