Theorems on Binary Responses to Combinations of Stimuli

Binary responses, such as dead or alive, in response to two or more stimuli are considered in this paper. Their joint actions are defined to be either independent, conditionally independent, additive, synergistic or antagonistic. The Bernoulli parameter is replaced by a dose-response function. Theorems on the probability of a response resulting from the joint actions of the stimuli are stated, and proved. An example is also included.     

The Binary Regression Quantile Plot: Assessing the Importance of Predictors in Binary Regression Visually

We present a graphical measure of assessing the explanatory power of regression models with a binary response. The binary regression quantile plot and an area defined by it are used for the visual comparison and ordering of nested binary response regression models. The plot shows how well various models explain the data. Two data sets are analyzed and the area representing the fit of a model is shown to agree with the usual likelihood ratio test.     

东乡野生稻双元细菌人工染色体(BIBAC)文库的构建

双元细菌人工染色体(binarybacterialartificialchromosome,BIBAC)是能直接将大片段DNA转入植物的载体,是植物基因图位克隆和构建植物基因嵌入突变体库的重要工具。该研究以东乡野生稻为材料,构建其BIBAC文库。该文库由14592个克隆组成,平均插入片段大小为65kb,覆盖率为2倍基因组。稳定性检测结果表明,东乡野生稻基因组DNA能够在BIBAC载体中稳定存在。     

Glass Transition and Delocalization in a Binary Hard-Sphere Mixture

Abstract

The glass transition of a disparate-size binary liquid and the delocalization of small particles in a glassy matrix are studied within a mode-coupling theory. The density-relaxation functions together with their long-time limits are investigated by solving space- and time-dependent mode-coupling equations numerically. We focus our attention on the effective-potential fluctuations produced by the glassy matrix, which the small particles will experience when they move through the matrix. It is found that in a strongly localized state the spatial correlations of effective-potential fluctuations are well represented by a Gaussian function. For the small particles with a long localization length, on the other hand, the effective potential is no longer Gaussian, reflecting the structure of the glassy matrix established by the big particles. The time-dependence of the effective potential is also investigated.     

一般家系二分类性状的贝叶斯连锁分析方法

应用阈值模型和可逆的跳跃马尔可夫链方法提出一种适用于人类一般家系中复杂二分类性状基因定位的连锁分析方法,此方法可以同时估计易感基因位点的数目与位置。     

Magno- and Parvocellular Contrast Responses in Varying Degrees of Autistic Trait

Autistic tendency has been associated with altered visual perception, especially impaired visual motion sensitivity and global/local integration, as well as enhanced visual search and local shape recognition. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these abnormalities remain poorly defined. The current study recruited 29 young adults displaying low, middle or high autistic trait as measured by Baron-Cohen''s Autism spectrum Quotient (AQ), and measured motion coherence thresholds psychophysically, with manipulation of dot lifetime and stimulus contrast, as well as nonlinear cortical visual evoked potentials (VEPs) over a range of temporal luminance contrast levels from 10% to 95%. Contrast response functions extracted from the major first order and second order Wiener kernel peaks of the VEPs showed consistent variation with AQ group, and Naka-Rushton fits enabled contrast gain and semi-saturation contrasts to be elicited for each peak. A short latency second order response (previously associated with magnocellular processing) with high contrast gain and a saturating contrast response function showed higher amplitude for the High AQ (compared with Mid and Low groups) indicating poorer neural recovery after rapid stimulation. A non-linearity evoked at longer interaction times (previously associated with parvocellular processing) with no evidence of contrast saturation and lower contrast gain showed no difference between autism quotient groups across the full range of stimulus contrasts. In addition, the short latency first order response and a small, early second order second slice response showed gain and semi-saturation parameters indicative of magnocellular origin, while the longer latency first order response probably reflects a mixture of inputs (including feedback from higher cortical areas). Significant motion coherence (AQ group) * (dot lifetime) interactions with higher coherence threshold for limited dot lifetime stimuli is consistent with atypical magnocellular functioning, however psychophysical performance for those with High AQ is not explained fully, suggesting that other factors may be involved.     

二元融合子与荧光假单胞菌耐药性遗传标记的筛选

应用定性和定量药物敏感性试验与诱变相结合,筛选出荧光假单胞菌56-12-10菌株的遗传标记为链霉素抗性,二元融合子AM-1菌株的遗传标记为环丙沙星抗性,确定了在这两种细菌原生质体融合试验中,选择培养基中链霉素的应用浓度为300Iu/ml,环丙沙星应用浓度为100Iu/ml。     

Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) and Mendelian Trait Loci (MTL) Analysis in Prunus: a Breeding Perspective and Beyond

Trait loci analysis, a classic procedure in quantitative (quantitative trait loci, QTL) and qualitative (Mendelian trait loci, MTL) genetics, continues to be the most important approach in studies of gene labeling in Prunus species from the Rosaceae family. Since 2011, the number of published Prunus QTLs and MTLs has doubled. With increased genomic resources, such as whole genome sequences and high-density genotyping platforms, trait loci analysis can be more readily converted to markers that can be directly utilized in marker-assisted breeding. To provide this important resource to the community and to integrate it with other genomic, genetic, and breeding data, a global review of the QTLs and MTLs linked to agronomic traits in Prunus has been performed and the data made available in the Genome Database for Rosaceae. We describe detailed information on 760 main QTLs and MTLs linked to a total of 110 agronomic traits related to tree development, pest and disease resistance, flowering, ripening, and fruit and seed quality. Access to these trait loci enables the application of this information in the post-genomic era, characterized by the availability of a high-quality peach reference genome and new high-throughput DNA and RNA analysis technologies.     

The Role of Trait and State Absorption in the Enjoyment of Music

Little is known about the role of state versus trait characteristics on our enjoyment of music. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of state and trait absorption upon preference for music, particularly preference for music that evokes negative emotions. The sample consisted of 128 participants who were asked to listen to two pieces of self-selected music and rate the music on variables including preference and felt and expressed emotions. Participants completed a brief measure of state absorption after listening to each piece, and a trait absorption inventory. State absorption was strongly positively correlated with music preference, whereas trait absorption was not. Trait absorption was related to preference for negative emotions in music, with chi-square analyses demonstrating greater enjoyment of negative emotions in music among individuals with high trait absorption. This is the first study to show that state and trait absorption have separable and distinct effects on a listener’s music experience, with state characteristics impacting music enjoyment in the moment, and trait characteristics influencing music preference based on its emotional content.     

High Mutability of the Tumor Suppressor Genes RASSF1 and RBSP3 (CTDSPL) in Cancer

Background

Many different genetic alterations are observed in cancer cells. Individual cancer genes display point mutations such as base changes, insertions and deletions that initiate and promote cancer growth and spread. Somatic hypermutation is a powerful mechanism for generation of different mutations. It was shown previously that somatic hypermutability of proto-oncogenes can induce development of lymphomas.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We found an exceptionally high incidence of single-base mutations in the tumor suppressor genes RASSF1 and RBSP3 (CTDSPL) both located in 3p21.3 regions, LUCA and AP20 respectively. These regions contain clusters of tumor suppressor genes involved in multiple cancer types such as lung, kidney, breast, cervical, head and neck, nasopharyngeal, prostate and other carcinomas. Altogether in 144 sequenced RASSF1A clones (exons 1–2), 129 mutations were detected (mutation frequency, MF = 0.23 per 100 bp) and in 98 clones of exons 3–5 we found 146 mutations (MF = 0.29). In 85 sequenced RBSP3 clones, 89 mutations were found (MF = 0.10). The mutations were not cytidine-specific, as would be expected from alterations generated by AID/APOBEC family enzymes, and appeared de novo during cell proliferation. They diminished the ability of corresponding transgenes to suppress cell and tumor growth implying a loss of function. These high levels of somatic mutations were found both in cancer biopsies and cancer cell lines.

Conclusions/Significance

This is the first report of high frequencies of somatic mutations in RASSF1 and RBSP3 in different cancers suggesting it may underlay the mutator phenotype of cancer. Somatic hypermutations in tumor suppressor genes involved in major human malignancies offer a novel insight in cancer development, progression and spread.     

Choice of Scale and Asymmetric Logistic Models

In recent years, a number of authors have proposed generalizations to the binomial logistic model. These proposals were motivated, in part, by the claimed inability of the logistic model to fit asymmetric data, that is, data that does not follow a symmetric S-shaped curve. In this note, it is demonstrated that by changing the scale of the independent variable(s), the logistic model can fit asymmetric data. Logistic models are fit to data from BLISS (1935) that had been used as an example by three of the authors; the logistic models fit Bliss' data as well as the proposed alternative models. In a general sense, these data serve as an example of the need to consider the appropriate choice of scale of the independent variables in logistic analysis.     

Mutability of constitutive heterochromatin (C-bands) during eukaryotic chromosomal evolution and their cytological meaning.

A quantitative analysis of the alterations of constitutive heterochromatin in eukaryotic chromosomal evolution was attempted using the accumulated C-banding data available for mammals, amphibians, fish, ants, grasshoppers, and plants. It was found that these eukaryotes could be classified into two types by their C-banding patterns: 1) Type I included mammals, fish, and ants, and 2) Type II included amphibians, grasshoppers, and plants. C-bands were rather scarce in Type I eukaryote chromosomes and were found around the pericentromeric region when present at all, whereas the predominance of interstitial or terminal C-bands was found in Type II eukaryote chromosomes. The Type I and II C-banding patterns can best be interpreted by assuming that in the former group of eukaryotes the saltatory increase in constitutive heterochromatin occurs preferentially at the pericentromeric regions of telocentric chromosomes induced by centric fission, with C-bands being eliminated almost completely by centric fusion and/or pericentric inversion. On the other hand, C-bands appear in the Type II eukaryotes both interstitially and in the telomeric regions of chromosomes, and there may be no effective mechanism to eliminate these bands once they are integrated.     

StxB／HlyA（CT）融合蛋白的分泌表达和StxB在小鼠内的特异免疫反应

本文将志贺氏毒Ｂ亚单位（ＳｔｘＢ）与大肠杆菌溶血素Ａ的Ｃ末端（ＨｌｙＡ（ＣＴ））相融合,蛋白ＳｔｘＢ／ＨｌｙＡ（ＣＴ）不仅能在大肠杆菌中分泌到胞外,而且也能从ａｒｏＡ突变的减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌中分泌出去。当用高拷贝质粒ｐＵＣ１８作载体时,上述融合蛋白对宿主细胞有毒性,但以低拷贝质粒ｐＢＲ３２２取代之后,该融合蛋白不再对窠主细胞产生任何不利影响。融合蛋白ＳｔｘＢ／ＨｌｙＡ（ＣＴ）无论是在ａｅｒｏｂａｃ     

Morphology and Morphogenesis of Two Species of the Genus Lembadion (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophora): Lembadion lucens and Lembadion bullinum

ABSTRACT. The morphology and morphogenesis of two species of the genus Lembadion, L. lucens and L. bullinum , are described. In both species, left and right ventral kineties converge behind the mouth forming a postoral suture. Buccal infraciliature is formed by one polykinety and two very close paroral kineties (inner and outer). During stomatogenesis, the new oral structures originate from the paroral kineties. The inner paroral kinety forms the new adoral polykinety and regenerates the outer paroral kinety of the proter, while the paroral kineties of the opisthe originate from the outer paroral kinety of the parental cell. Somatic proliferation starts before the stomatogenesis at the equatorial level of the cell, and extends towards the poles forming an equatorial band. Two large invariant zones, anterior and posterior, remain in the dividing cell. Moreover, the kinetodesmal fibers disappear in the proliferation band during the bipartition (fission) process.     

Equilibrium of Cu(II) and Ni(II) biosorption by marine alga Sargassum filipendula in a dynamic system: competitiveness and selectivity

The study focuses on the equilibrium of dynamic biosorption in single and binary systems containing Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions using Sargassum filipendula (a marine alga). The experiments were performed in fixed-bed columns with both single-component and bi-component metal solutions (using different molar concentrations). Experimental data were fitted with different equilibrium models such as Langmuir, Langmuir with inhibition, Jain and Snowyink and Langmuir-Freundlich equations. The biosorption of pure metal ions in solution presented adequate capacities both for Cu(II) and Ni(II). In binary solutions the preferential sorption of Cu(II) over Ni(II) was demonstrated by the displacement of Ni(II) (marked overshoot on the breakthrough curves).     

Electrochemical study of the complexes of aspartame with Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) ions in the aqueous medium

The voltammetric behaviours of aspartame in the presence of some metal ions (Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II)) were investigated. In the presence of aspartame, copper ions reduced at two stages with quasi-reversible one-electron and, with increasing the aspartame (L) concentration, Cu(II)L(2) complex reduces at one-stage with irreversible two-electron reaction (-0.322 V). Zn(II)-aspartame complex (logbeta=3.70) was recognized by a cathodic peak at -1.320 V. Ni(II)-aspartame complex (logbeta=6.52) is reduced at the more positive potential (-0.87 V) than that of the hydrated Ni(II) ions (-1.088 V). In the case of the reduction of Ni(II) ions, aspartame serves as a catalyst. From electronic spectra data of the complexes, their stoichiometries of 1:2 (metal-ligand) in aqueous medium are determined. The greatness of these logarithmic values is agreement with Irwing-Williams series (NiZn).     

Life Tables of Phytoseiulus Macropilis (Banks) (Gamasida: Phytoseiidae) at Different Temperatures

The biology of Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) fed on Tetranychus urticae Koch was studied at different temperatures. The total development times averaged 7.5, 5.7, 4.2, 4.2 and 5.6 days at 20, 25, 28, 30 and 32°C, respectively at 78 ± 2% RH and 16 h photoperiod daily. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r_m) and the net reproduction (R_o) reached maximum values 0.47 and 88.9, respectively, at 28°C. The mean generation time decreased (20.0-8.8 days) with increasing temperature 20-28°C.