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1.
D. N. Rana R. V. Persad M. Desai D. M. Perera H. El Teraifi J. Marshall 《Cytopathology》2003,14(Z1):5-5
Aims Table 1. . The outcome status of these women
Table 2 shows the outcome of women with borderline and mild dyskaryosis smears with or without koilocytosis. Table 2. The outcome of women with borderline and mild dyskaryosis smears with or without koilocytosis
Table 3 shows the proportion of borderline and mild dyskaryosis cervical smears with or without koilocytosis. Table 3. The proportion of borderline and mild dyskaryosis cervical smears with or without koilocytosis
Conclusions
- 1 To identify the outcome status of women with borderline and mild dyskaryosis smears.
- 2 To determine whether the presence or absence of koilocytosis influences the outcome status.
- 3 To identify the proportion of women with borderline smears showing koilocytosis.
Cytology | Outcome status | ||
---|---|---|---|
Negative (%) | Low‐grade (%) | High‐grade (%) | |
Borderline | 68 | 19 | 13 |
Mild dyskaryosis | 46 | 26 | 28 |
Koilocytosis | Outcome status | ||
---|---|---|---|
Negative (%) | Low‐grade (%) | High‐grade (%) | |
Present | 58 | 22 | 20 |
Absent | 61 | 21 | 18 |
Cytology | Koilocytosis present (%) | Koilocytosis absent (%) |
---|---|---|
Borderline | 24 | 76 |
Mild dyskaryosis | 34 | 66 |
- 1 Sixty‐eight per cent of women with a borderline cervical smear had a normal outcome.
- 2 Thirteen per cent of women with a borderline cervical smear developed a high‐grade lesion.
- 3 The presence or absence of koilocytosis in borderline and mild dyskaryosis cervical smears does not appear to affect the outcome status of these women.
- 4 Twenty‐four per cent of smears showing borderline nuclear changes were found to have koilocytosis.
2.
Andrew Evered 《Cytopathology》2003,14(Z1):14-14
Introduction Direct endometrial sampling with cytology and or histology is used at our hospital as part of the investigation of abnormal uterine bleeding. It is used in cases where there is a low clinical suspicion of malignancy. The advantage of the technique is that it can be done as an outpatient procedure with minimal patient discomfort. Reports in the literature give mixed results. We present a 3‐year retrospective of our experience with follow‐up.
Results Eighty‐eight cases were examined with an age range of 42–82. Review of the false negative case showed no malignant cells and is likely to represent a sampling problem. Conclusions
Result | Cytology | Biopsy | Follow‐up histology |
---|---|---|---|
Inadequate | 9 | 9 | One ovarian adenocarcinoma |
negative | 75 | 66 | One adenocarcinoma nine benign |
Suspicious | 3 | One hyperplasia | One hyperplasia one polyp |
Malignant | 1 | 1 | Adenocarcinoma |
Total | 88 | 77 | 16 |
- 1 The technique is useful in identifying low risk patients, only 16 of 88 had further histological investigation.
- 2 Increased experience and better recognition of the different cytological appearances should improve the diagnostic accuracy.
3.
Züleyha A. etinkaya Mesut Sezikli Fatih Güzelbulut Süleyman Cogun Serkan Düzgün Oya
. Kurda 《Helicobacter》2010,15(2):143-147
Aim: To compare the efficacy of 14‐day and 5‐day amoxicillin treatment on the eradication rate during tetracycline containing sequential H. pylori therapy, and also to compare the eradication rate of this regimen with those used in similar studies performed in Turkey. Method: This study included 112 patients infected with H. pylori that were randomized into 2 groups. In group A, patients (n = 56) received pantoprazole (40 mg BID) and amoxicillin (1 g BID) for 5 days, followed by pantoprazole (40 mg BID), tetracycline (500 mg QID), and metronidazole (500 mg TID) for the remaining 9 days. In group B, patients (n = 56) received pantoprazole (40 mg BID) and amoxicillin (1 g BID) for 5 days, followed by pantoprazole (40 mg BID), tetracycline (500 mg QID), metronidazole (500 mg TID), and amoxicillin (1 g BID) for the remaining 9 days. Eradication rates were calculated using both intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analyses. Results: In all, 112 patients were subjected to ITT analysis and 109 patients completed the study. In group A, H. pylori eradication was achieved in 46 (82.1%) of the 56 patients included in the ITT analysis and in 46 (83.6%) of the 55 patients included in the PP analysis. In group B, H. pylori eradication was achieved in 44 (78.57%) of the 56 patients included in the ITT analysis and in 44 (81.48%) of the 54 patients included in the PP analysis ( Table 2 ). The eradication rates were not statistically significant between the 2 groups (p > .005). Table 2. Eradication rates in the two study groups
Group A | Group B | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | ITT/PP | n | ITT/PP | ||
Eradication | |||||
Female | 21 | 70%/72.4% | 34 | 79.06%/82.9% | NS |
Male | 25 | 6.1%/96.1% | 10 | 76.9%/76.9% | NS |
Total | 46 | 82.1%/83.6% | 44 | 78.57%/81.48% | NS |
- NS, not significant; PP, per‐protocol; ITT, intention‐to‐treat.
4.
Introduction: The authors initiated the use of Liqui‐PREP? (LGM International Inc., Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA) in August, 2005. Cytotechnologists received extensive (one month) training by cytopathologists experienced in Liquid‐based cytology. The Liqui‐PREP? direct‐to‐vial procedure (LP) was compared to the conventional Pap smears in a routine screening population. Methods: Data derived from 26 178 LP cervical‐vaginal (CV) specimens were compared to data derived from 218 548 conventional Pap smears (CS). Both data sets reflect patient samples collected concurrently (August–December, 2005) by 117 participating outpatient medical practices from a well‐defined geographic area. There were no significant personnel changes during the study period. The diagnostic results, classified according to Bethesda criteria were calculated. Results:
Discussion: Liqui‐PREP? direct‐to‐vial method for CV specimens identified 210% more LSIL and 56% more HSIL+ lesions compared to the conventional smears. The ASCUS rate was increased (perhaps due to the conservative nature of our staff and their cautious interpretation of a new preparation). The ratio of ASCUS to LSIL+ was reduced by 5% for Liqui‐Prep?. Available biopsy data showed high correlation between both LP and CS abnormal cytology diagnoses (94.1% and 89.9% respectively). These findings suggest that the Liqui‐PREP? cytology preparation procedure identifies more pre‐malignant lesions than the conventional smear. 相似文献
% ASC‐US | % ASC‐H | % LSIL | % HSIL+ | ASCUS/ LSIL+ | % Unsat. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liqui‐PREP? | 6.5 | 0.24 | 1.55 | 0.39 | 3.8 | 0.02 |
Conv. Smear | 2.8 | 0.09 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 4.0 | 0.05 |
5.
Hundreds of eukaryotic membrane proteins are anchored to membranes by a single transmembrane domain at their carboxyl terminus. Many of these tail-anchored (TA) proteins are posttranslationally targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane for insertion by the guided-entry of TA protein insertion (GET) pathway. In recent years, most of the components of this conserved pathway have been biochemically and structurally characterized. Get3 is the pathway-targeting factor that uses nucleotide-linked conformational changes to mediate the delivery of TA proteins between the GET pretargeting machinery in the cytosol and the transmembrane pathway components in the ER. Here we focus on the mechanism of the yeast GET pathway and make a speculative analogy between its membrane insertion step and the ATPase-driven cycle of ABC transporters.The mechanism of membrane protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been extensively studied for many years (Shao and Hegde 2011). From this work, the signal recognition particle (SRP)/Sec61 pathway has emerged as a textbook example of a cotranslational membrane insertion mechanism (Grudnik et al. 2009). The SRP binds a hydrophobic segment (either a cleavable amino-terminal signal sequence or a transmembrane domain) immediately after it emerges from the ribosomal exit tunnel. This results in a translational pause that persists until SRP engages its receptor in the ER and delivers the ribosome-nascent chain complex to the Sec61 channel. Last, the Sec61 channel enables protein translocation into the ER lumen along with partitioning of hydrophobic transmembrane domains into the lipid bilayer through the Sec61 lateral gate (Rapoport 2007).Approximately 5% of all eukaryotic membrane proteins have an ER targeting signal in a single carboxy-terminal transmembrane domain that emerges from the ribosome exit tunnel following completion of protein synthesis and is not recognized by the SRP (Stefanovic and Hegde 2007). Nonetheless, because hydrophobic peptides in the cytoplasm are prone to aggregation and subject to degradation by quality control systems (Hessa et al. 2011), these tail-anchored (TA) proteins still have to be specifically recognized, shielded from the aqueous environment, and guided to the ER membrane for insertion. In the past five years, the guided-entry of TA proteins (GET) pathway has come to prominence as the major machinery for performing these tasks and the enabler of many key cellular processes mediated by TA proteins including vesicle fusion, membrane protein insertion, and apoptosis. This research has rapidly yielded biochemical and structural insights (and2)2) into many of the GET pathway components (Hegde and Keenan 2011; Chartron et al. 2012a; Denic 2012). In particular, Get3 is an ATPase that uses metabolic energy to bridge recognition of TA proteins by upstream pathway components with TA protein recruitment to the ER for membrane insertion. However, the precise mechanisms of nucleotide-dependent TA protein binding to Get3 and how the GET pathway inserts tail anchors into the membrane are still poorly understood. Here, we provide an overview of the budding yeast GET pathway with emphasis on mechanistic insights that have come from structural studies of its membrane-associated steps and make a speculative juxtaposition with the ABC transporter mechanism.
Open in a separate windowTA, tail anchored; TPR, tetratricopeptide repeat; TMDs, transmembrane domains.
Open in a separate windowADP, adenosine diphosphate. 相似文献
Table 1.
A catalog of GET pathway component structuresComponent | Role in the pathway | PDB ID |
---|---|---|
Sgt2 | Component of the pretargeting complex that delivers TA proteins to Get3; dimer interacts with Get4/Get5, contains TPR repeats that interact with Hsps | 3SZ7 |
Get5 | Component of the pretargeting complex that delivers TA proteins to Get3; dimer interacts with Get4 via amino-terminal domain and with Sgt2 via its ubiquitin-like domain | 2LNZ 3VEJ 2LO0 |
Get4 | Component of the pretargeting complex that delivers TA proteins to Get3; interacts with Get3 via amino-terminal domain and with Get4 via carboxy-terminal domain | 3LPZ 3LKU 3WPV |
Get3 | ATPase that binds the TA protein; dimer interacts with the pretargeting complex in the cytosol, and with Get1/2 at the ER membrane | Table 2 |
Get1 | ER receptor for Get3; integral ER membrane protein, three TMDs; forms a complex with Get2 | 3SJA, 3SJB 3SJC, 3ZS8 3VLC, 3B2E |
Get2 | ER receptor for Get3; integral ER membrane protein, three TMDs; forms a complex with Get1 | 3SJD 3ZS9 |
Table 2.
An itemized list of published Get3 structures with associated nucleotides and conformation nomenclatureOrganism | Nucleotide | Conformation | PDB ID | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Get3 | ||||
Schizosaccharomyces pombe | None | Open | 2WOO | Mateja et al. 2009 |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | None | Open | 3H84 | Hu et al. 2009 |
3A36 | Yamagata et al. 2010 | |||
Aspergillus fumigatus | ADP | Open | 3IBG | Suloway et al. 2009 |
S. cerevisiae | ADP | Open | 3A37 | Yamagata et al. 2010 |
Debaryomyces hansenii | ADP | Closed | 3IO3 | Hu et al. 2009 |
Chaetomium thermophilum | AMPPNP-Mg2+ | Closed | 3IQW | Bozkurt et al. 2009 |
C. thermophilum | ADP-Mg2+ | Closed | 3IQX | Bozkurt et al. 2009 |
S. cerevisiae | ADP•AlF4−-Mg2+ | Fully closed | 2WOJ | Mateja et al. 2009 |
Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus | ADP•AlF4−-Mg2+ | Fully closed | 3ZQ6 | Sherill et al. 2011 |
Methanococcus jannaschii | ADP•AlF4−-Mg2+ | Tetrameric | 3UG6 | Suloway et al. 2012 |
3UG7 | ||||
Get3/Get2cyto | ||||
S. cerevisiae | ADP-Mg2+ | Closed | 3SJD | Stefer et al. 2011 |
S. cerevisiae | ADP•AlF4−-Mg2+ | Closed | 3ZS9 | Mariappan et al. 2011 |
Get3/Get1cyto | ||||
S. cerevisiae | None | Semiopen | 3SJC | Stefer et al. 2011 |
S. cerevisiae | ADP | Semiopen | 3VLC | Kubota et al. 2012 |
S. cerevisiae | None | Open | 3SJA | Stefer et al. 2011 |
3SJB | Stefer et al. 2011 | |||
3ZS8 | Mariappan et al. 2011 | |||
ADP | Open | 3B2E | Kubota et al. 2012 |
6.
7.
Annelies J. Veraart Anna M. Romaní Elisabet Tornés Sergi Sabater 《Journal of phycology》2008,44(3):564-572
Nutrient input in streams alters the density and species composition of attached algal communities in open systems. However, in forested streams, the light reaching the streambed (rather than the local nutrient levels) may limit the growth of these communities. A nutrient‐enrichment experiment in a forested oligotrophic stream was performed to test the hypothesis that nutrient addition has only minor effects on the community composition of attached algae and cyanobacteria under light limitation. Moderate nutrient addition consisted of increasing basal phosphorus (P) concentrations 3‐fold and basal nitrogen (N) concentrations 2‐fold. Two upstream control reaches were compared to a downstream reach before and after nutrient addition. Nutrients were added continuously to the downstream reach for 1 year. Algal biofilms growing on ceramic tiles were sampled and identified for more than a year before nutrient addition to 12 months after. Diatoms were the most abundant taxonomic group in the three stream reaches. Nutrient enrichment caused significant variations in the composition of the diatom community. While some taxa showed significant decreases (e.g., Achnanthes minutissima, Gomphonema angustum), increases for other taxa (such as Rhoicosphenia abbreviata and Amphora ovalis) were detected in the enriched reach (for taxonomic authors, see Table 2 ). Epiphytic and adnate taxa of large size were enhanced, particularly during periods of favorable growth conditions (spring). Nutrients also caused a change in the algal chl a, which increased from 0.5–5.8 to 2.1–10.7 μg chl · cm?2. Our results indicate that in oligotrophic forested streams, long‐term nutrient addition has significant effects on the algal biomass and community composition, which are detectable despite the low light availability caused by the tree canopy. Low light availability moderates but does not detain the long‐term tendency toward a nutrient‐tolerant community. Furthermore, the effects of nutrient addition on the algal community occur in spite of seasonal variations in light, water flow, and water chemical characteristics, which may confound the observations. Table 2. Percent abundances of the most frequent taxa in three reaches of the Fuirosos stream. U1 and U2 untreated; E, enriched both in the periods before (bef) and after (aft) the enrichment of the E reach. Acronyms identifying the taxa are indicated.
U1‐bef | U1‐aft | U2‐bef | U2‐aft | E‐bef | E‐aft | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Achnanthes biasolettiana Grunow | ABIA | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 5.4 | 0.7 |
Achnanthes lanceolata (Bréb.) Grunow | ALAN | 7.2 | 1.3 | 5.7 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 2.2 |
Achnanthes minutissima Kütz. | AMIN | 56.2 | 55.0 | 81.2 | 71.4 | 52.2 | 34.5 |
Achnanthes lanceolata v. frequentissima Lange‐Bert. | ALFR | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.0 |
Amphora inariensis Krammer | AINA | 1.9 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 1.4 |
Amphora ovalis (Kütz.) Kütz. | AOVA | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.3 |
Amphora pediculus (Kütz.) Grunow | APED | 0.9 | 2.2 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 3.3 | 1.3 |
Cocconeis pediculus Ehrenb. | CPED | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.7 |
Cocconeis placentula Ehrenb. | CPLA | 13.7 | 20.3 | 1.8 | 8.4 | 12.3 | 32.4 |
Cymbella silesiaca Bleisch in Rabenh. | CSLE | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
Diploneis oblongella (Nägeli) Cleve‐Euler | DOBL | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Fragilaria capucina var. gracilis (Øestrup) Hustedt | FCGP | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 3.5 |
Fragilaria capucina var. capitellata (Grunow) Lange‐Bert. | FCCP | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
Fragilaria ulna (Nitzsch) Lange‐Bert. | FULN | 0.2 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.4 |
Gomphonema angustatum (Kütz.) Rabenh. | GADI | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 0.8 |
Gomphonema angustum C. Agardh | GANT | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 0.1 |
Gomphonema minutum (C. Agardh) C. Agardh | GMIN | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
Gomphonema pumilum (Grunow) E. Reichardt et Lange‐Bert. | GPUM | 1.7 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.0 |
Meridion circulare (Grev.) C. Agardh | MCIR | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
Navicula antonii Lange‐Bert. | NANT | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 |
Navicula accomoda Hust. | NARB | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Navicula capitatoradiata H. Germ. | NCPR | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
Navicula cryptocephala Kütz. | NCRY | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
Nitzschia linearis (C. Agardh) W. Sm. | NLIN | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
Nitzschia palea (Kütz.) W. Sm. | NPAL | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
Reimeria sinuata (W. Greg.) Kociolek et Stoermer | RSIN | 3.4 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 4.9 | 2.8 |
Rhoicosphenia abbreviata (C. Agardh) Lange‐Bert. | RABB | 8.1 | 5.0 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 3.6 | 9.9 |
Citing Literature
Volume 44 , Issue 3 June 2008
Pages 564-572 相似文献
8.
Christopher N. Carender Christopher A. Anthony Edward O. Rojas Nicolas O. Noiseux Nicholas A. Bedard Timothy S. Brown 《The Iowa orthopaedic journal》2022,42(1):169
BackgroundPreoperative counseling may reduce postoperative opioid requirements; however, there is a paucity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrating efficacy. The purpose of this study was to perform an interventional, telehealth-based RCT evaluating the effect of peri-operative counseling on quantity and duration of opioid consumption following primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsParticipants were randomized into three groups: 1. Control group, no perioperative counseling; 2. Intervention group, preoperative educational video; 3. Intervention group, preoperative educational video and postoperative acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Opioid consumption was evaluated daily for 14 days and at 6 weeks postoperatively. Best-case and worse-case intention to treat analyses were performed to account for non-responses. Bonferroni corrections were applied.Results183 participants were analyzed (63 in Group 1, 55 in Group 2, and 65 in Group 3). At 2 weeks postoperatively, there was no difference in opioid consumption between Groups 1, 2, and 3 (p>0.05 for all). At 6 weeks postoperatively, Groups 2 and 3 had consumed significantly less opioids than Group 1 (p=0.04, p<0.001) (Variable Group p-value 1. Control 2. Video Only Video + ACT Sex (n, % female) 39 (62%) 32 (58%) 40 (62%) 0.90 Surgery (n, % THA) 26 (41%) 21 (38%) 31 (47%) 0.56 Age (mean ± SD; years) 59 ± 11 59 ± 11 58 ± 9 Overall: 0.83
1v2: 0.98
2v3: 0.65
2v3: 0.56 Prolonged Opioid Use > 60 mo. (n, %) 0 0 0 - Opioid Use Within 3 mo. of Index Surgery (n, %) 0 (14%) 4 (7%) 5 (8%) 0.34
1v2: 0.98
2v3: 0.65
2v3: 0.56