共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
B. M. Das H. Walter K. Gilbert P. Lindenberg K. C. Malhotra B. N. Mukherjee R. Deka R. Chakraborty 《International Journal of Anthropology》1987,2(4):325-340
Six Mongoloid and four Caucasoid populations of Assam, India, were examined for A1A2BO, Rhesus, Duffy and Diego blood groups. The distribution of their phenotypes and allele frequencies are presented. In the
perspective of the ethnographic background, the results have been discussed in terms of genetic variability among these populations
and probable reasons for its existence. The major groups, namely Caucasoids and Mongoloids, appear to form two separate groups
in terms of these blood groups, though evidence is there to suggest intermixture. 相似文献
2.
S Seth 《American journal of physical anthropology》1968,29(3):387-395
2,596 Aroras and 2,629 Khatris comprising six endogamous groups of the Punjabis have been studied for A1A2BO blood groups and secretion of ABO(H) group specific substances. The values of chi-square and the genetical difference (G2) among these groups do not show statistically significant differences in these groups regarding the genetical characters studied. There is a closer affinity between Beri and Bunjahi on the one hand and Uttaradhi and Dhakhandian on the other and also between Uttaradhi and Khukhran; Dhakhandian and Sareen show a great difference among themselves as well as with other groups. The comparison of ABO blood group distribution and secretor factor among the different populations of India show that the distribution is similar among the North Indians. 相似文献
3.
Haplotype determination based on three Y-linked polymorphic sites, 92R7 (C/T), SRY-1532 (A/G), and YAP (-/+), in 127 males belonging to three caste Hindu populations of South India (Vizag Brahmins, Peruru Brahmins, and Kammas) and 13 males belonging to a migrant group (the Siddis) showed the existence of all four haplotypes (CA-, CG-, TG-, and TA-) under the YAP- background. This finding suggests that the reverse mutation (G-->A) at the SRY-1532 site, described earlier in the literature, is present in South Indian populations as well. The YAP+ mutation was seen in only five Siddi individuals. Four of these were of the CG+ haplotype structure, but a novel haplotype (CA+) was found in one male. To explain the occurrence of the six haplotypes found within these three sites, a haplotype tree is constructed that introduces a new reverse mutation at the SRY-1532 site (G-->A), occurring under the CG+ background after the migrant Siddi population arrived in India. 相似文献
4.
I. Bernasovský J. Suchý K. Bernasovsk T. Vargov 《American journal of physical anthropology》1976,45(2):277-279
Blood groups in 2,935 Roms (Gypsies) of East Slovakia show the following frequencies of phenotypes and genes: A1A2BO phenotypes: A1 — 32.91%, A2 — 2.42%, B — 25.21%, O — 30.15%, A1B — 8.45%, A2B — 0.85%, A1 — 0.2363, A2 — 0.0217, B — 0.1929, O — 0.5491. MN phenotypes: M — 27.16%, MN — 51.60%, N — 21.23%; m — 0.5297, n — 0.4703. RH phenotypes: Rh positive — 89.54%, Rh negative — 10.46%; Rh – (D) — 0.6766, Rh (d) 0.3234. The frequencies are contrasted with those of other inhabitants, non-Roms of East Slovakia. 相似文献
5.
ABO blood groups and ABH saliva secretion were investigated in two caste populations, Reddis and Kammas of Southern Andhra Pradesh, and compared with the data of other populations. In ABO gene frequencies, the present series of Reddis and Kammas approach the values from other Andhra caste data. Moderate gene frequency of non-secretor gene in both Reddis and Kammas are noted. 相似文献
6.
Ramana GV Vasanthi A Khaja M Su B Govindaiah V Jin L Singh L Chakraborty R 《Journal of genetics》2001,80(3):137-140
Polymorphic allelic variants of chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5, as well as of stromal-derived factor-1 SDF-1, the ligand
for the chemokine receptor CXCR4, are known to have protective effects against HIV-1 infection and to be involved with delay
in disease progression. We have studied the DNA polymorphisms at the loci that encode these proteins in 525 healthy individuals
without any history of HIV-1 infection from 11 diverse populations of Andhra Pradesh, South India. The two protective allelesSDF-1-3′A andCCR2-64I at the SDF-1 and CCR2 loci, respectively, are present in all populations studied, although their frequencies differ considerably
across populations (from 17% to 35% for theSDF-1-3′A allele, and from 3% to 17% forCCR2-64I). In contrast theCCR5-δ32 allele is observed only in three populations (Yamani, Pathan and Kamma), all in low frequencies (i.e. 1% to 3%). The mean
number of mutant alleles (for the three loci together) carried by each individual varies from 0.475 (in Vizag Brahmins) to
0.959 (in Bohra Muslims). The estimated relative hazard values for the populations, computed from the three-locus genotype
data, are comparable to those from Africa and Southeast Asia, where AIDS is known to be widespread. 相似文献
7.
Agrawal S Müller B Bharadwaj U Bhatnagar S Sharma A Khan F Agarwal SS 《Human biology; an international record of research》2003,75(1):97-104
We have studied variation at 24 microsatellite markers among 50 individuals from each of three endogamous groups, Bhargavas, Chaturvedis, and non-Bhargava, non-Chaturvedi Brahmins of Uttar Pradesh, India. The number of alleles at the loci tested varied from 4 to 11, with an average of 6 at each locus. Heterozygosity was found to be quite high at all loci in the three subpopulations. It varied between 0.44 to 0.84 among Bhargavas (average 0.6510), 0.44 to 0.80 among Chaturvedis (average 0.6633 +/-), and 0.42 to 0.85 among Brahmins (average 6.694 +/-). Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis revealed that these populations are under genetic equilibrium at almost all the loci tested. Comparisons of allele frequency between Bhargavas and Chaturvedis showed that they differed significantly at 14 short tandem repeat (STR) markers (p < 0.001), while Chaturvedis and Brahmins differed at 6 (p < 0.05) and Brahmins and Bhargavas at 8 (p < 0.05). Average F(IS) and F(ST) for the 24 STR markers was -0.02 and 0.013, respectively. We used both un-weighted pair group with arithmetic mean and principal components analysis to evaluate genetic distances among the three groups. Our results revealed that although there were differences at particular allele frequencies between Bhargavas vs. Brahmins, Bhargavas vs. Chaturvedis, and Brahmins vs. Chaturvedis, these differences were not statistically significant when combined over all 24 STR markers between Chaturvedis vs. Brahmins and Bhargavas vs. Brahmins. The genetic distance analysis revealed that Bhargavas are slightly apart from the other two populations. 相似文献
8.
S. E. Temple E. M. Plate S. Ramsden T. J. Haimberger W.-M. Roth C. W. Hawryshyn 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2006,192(3):301-313
Microspectrophotometry of rod photoreceptors was used to follow variations in visual pigment vitamin A1/A2 ratio at various life history stages in coho salmon. Coho parr shifted their A1/A2 ratio seasonally with A2 increasing during winter and decreasing in summer. The cyclical pattern was statistically examined by a least-squares cosine
model, fit to the 12-month data sets collected from different populations. A1/A2 ratio varied with temperature and day length. In 1+ (>12 month old) parr the A2 to A1 shift in spring coincided with smoltification, a metamorphic transition preceding seaward migration in salmonids. The coincidence
of the shift from A2 to A1 with both the spring increase in temperature and day length, and with the timing of seaward migration presented a challenge
for interpretation. Our data show a shift in A1/A2 ratio correlated with season, in both 0+ (<12 months old) coho parr that remained in fresh water for another year and in
oceanic juvenile coho. These findings support the hypothesis that the A1/A2 pigment pair system in coho is an adaptation to seasonal variations in environmental variables rather than to a change associated
with migration or metamorphosis. 相似文献
9.
Jan Holgersson Michael E Breimer Anita Jacobsson Lola Svensson Ami Ulfvin Bo E Samuelsson 《Glycoconjugate journal》1990,7(6):601-608
Total non-acid glycolipid fractions and total sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) solubilized protein fractions were isolated from human thrombocytes obtained from single human donors having different blood group A1/A2 phenotypes. The blood group A glycolipid antigens were characterized by immunostaining of thin layer plates with different monoclonal anti-A antibodies. The glycoproteins carrying blood group A epitopes were identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis using a monoclonal anti-A antibody. Blood group A glycolipid antigens were found in both A1 and A2 thrombocytes but the A2 individuals expressed at least ten times less A glycolipids compared to the A1 individuals. Expression of A type 3/4 chain and small amounts of A type 1 chain glycolipids were seen in thrombocytes of both A1 and A2 individuals, while the type 2 chain A glycolipids appeared to be missing from the A2 thrombocytes. Blood group A reactive glycoproteins were only found in thrombocytes of A1 individuals and could not be detected in A2 individuals or a blood group O individual. The major blood group A glycoprotein were found as a double band migrating in the 130 kDa region.Abbreviations SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- HPTLC
high performance thin layer chromatography
- CBB
Coomassie brilliant blue
- GVH
graft versus host
Part of this work was presented at the Xth International Symposium on Glycoconjugates, Jerusalem, Israel. September, 1989.In the short hand designation for glycolipids, the letter indicate blood group determinant, the first numeral, the number of sugar residues, and the second numeral, the type of carbohydrate chain. Thus, A-6-1 means a hexaglycosylceramide with a blood group A determinant based on the type 1 carbohydrate chain. 相似文献
10.
Mohamed A. Al-Griw Rabia O. Alghazeer Nuri Awayn Ghalia Shamlan Areej A. Eskandrani Afnan M. Alnajeebi Nouf A. Babteen Wafa S. Alansari 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(1):310-316
Cellular elements of maturing brain are vulnerable to insults, which lead to neurodevelopmental defects. There are no established treatments at present. Here we examined the efficacy of selective adenosine A2A receptor inhibitor SCH58261 to combat brain injury, particularly oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cells, in young rats. Wistar rats (n = 24, 6.5 days old) were randomly divided into equal groups of four. The sham (SHAM) group received no treatment, the vehicle (VEHICLE) group received 0.1% dimethylsufoxide, the injury (INJ) group was exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation insult, and the injury+SCH58261 (INJ+SCH58261) group was exposed to the insult and received 1 μM SCH58261. Immunocytochemical experiments revealed that there was a significant reduction in the populations of mature OL (MBP+ OLs) and immature OL precursors (NG2+ OPCs) in the INJ group compared to SHAM group. Furthermore, there was also a significant increase in the percent of apoptotic MBP+ OL and NG2+ OPC populations as evidenced by TUNEL assay. In addition, there was a significant reduction in the proliferation rate among NG2+ OPCs, which was confirmed by BrdU immunostaining. On the other hand, treatment with SCH58261 significantly enhanced survival, evidenced by the reduction in apoptotic indices for both cell types, and it is preserved the NG2+ OPC proliferation. Activation of adenosine A2A receptors may contribute to OL lineage cell loss in association with decreased mitotic behavior of OPCs in neonatal brains upon injury. Future investigations assessing ability of SCH58261 to regenerate myelin will provide insights into its wider clinical relevance. 相似文献
11.
Flavia Varano Daniela Catarzi Matteo Falsini Fabrizio Vincenzi Silvia Pasquini Katia Varani Vittoria Colotta 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2018,26(12):3688-3695
In this study a new set of thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives was synthesized. These derivatives bear different substituents at positions 2 and 5 of the thiazolopyrimidine core while maintaining a free amino group at position-7. The new compounds were tested for their affinity and potency at human (h) A1, A2A, A2B and A3 adenosine receptors expressed in CHO cells. The results reveal that the higher affinity of these new set of thiazolopyrimidines is toward the hA1 and hA2A adenosine receptors subtypes and is tuned by the substitution pattern at both the 2 and 5 positions of the thiazolopyrimidine nucleus. Functional studies evidenced that the compounds behaved as dual A1/A2A antagonists/inverse agonists. Compound 3, bearing a 5-((2-methoxyphenyl) methylamino) group and a phenyl moiety at position 2, displayed the highest affinity (hA1 Ki?=?10.2?nM; hA2A Ki?=?4.72?nM) and behaved as a potent A1/A2A antagonist/inverse agonist (hA1 IC50?=?13.4?nM; hA2A IC50?=?5.34?nM). 相似文献
12.
Beta structure of periodic copolypeptides of L-alanine and glycine. Their relevance to the structure of silks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The β structure of seven periodic copolypeptides of l-alanine and glycine2 namely: A2G, AG, A2G2, A3G3, A2G3, AG2 and AG3 has been studied by infrared, X-ray and electron diffraction techniques. The sheets are made of anti-parallel chains and intersheet spacing is observed to depend both on residue sequence and composition. Samples with glycine molar fractions varying from 0.33 to 0.6 are found to be good models for group II of silk fibroins. The structure of Bombyx mori silk fibroin is discussed in the light of these new data. 相似文献
13.
O. Hernández-González T. Hernández-Flores G. A. Prieto A. Pérez-Burgos M. A. Arias-García E. Galarraga J. Bargas 《Purinergic signalling》2014,10(2):269-281
D1- and D2-types of dopamine receptors are located separately in direct and indirect pathway striatal projection neurons (dSPNs and iSPNs). In comparison, adenosine A1-type receptors are located in both neuron classes, and adenosine A2A-type receptors show a preferential expression in iSPNs. Due to their importance for neuronal excitability, Ca2+-currents have been used as final effectors to see the function of signaling cascades associated with different G protein-coupled receptors. For example, among many other actions, D1-type receptors increase, while D2-type receptors decrease neuronal excitability by either enhancing or reducing, respectively, CaV1 Ca2+-currents. These actions occur separately in dSPNs and iSPNs. In the case of purinergic signaling, the actions of A1- and A2A-receptors have not been compared observing their actions on Ca2+-channels of SPNs as final effectors. Our hypotheses are that modulation of Ca2+-currents by A1-receptors occurs in both dSPNs and iSPNs. In contrast, iSPNs would exhibit modulation by both A1- and A2A-receptors. We demonstrate that A1-type receptors reduced Ca2+-currents in all SPNs tested. However, A2A-type receptors enhanced Ca2+-currents only in half tested neurons. Intriguingly, to observe the actions of A2A-type receptors, occupation of A1-type receptors had to occur first. However, A1-receptors decreased CaV2 Ca2+-currents, while A2A-type receptors enhanced current through CaV1 channels. Because these channels have opposing actions on cell discharge, these differences explain in part why iSPNs may be more excitable than dSPNs. It is demonstrated that intrinsic voltage-gated currents expressed in SPNs are effectors of purinergic signaling that therefore play a role in excitability. 相似文献
14.
Firooznia F Cheung AW Brinkman J Grimsby J Gubler ML Hamid R Marcopulos N Ramsey G Tan J Wen Y Sarabu R 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2011,21(7):1933-1936
The highly potent but modestly selective N-(2-amino-4-methoxy-benzothiazol-7-yl)-N-ethyl-acetamide derivative 2 was selected as the starting point for the design of novel selective A2B antagonists, due to its excellent potency, and good drug-like properties. A series of compounds containing nonaromatic amides or ureas of five- or six-membered rings, and also bearing an m-trifluoromethyl-phenyl group (shown to impart superior potency) was prepared and evaluated for their selectivity against the A2A and A1 receptors. This work resulted in the identification of compound 30, with excellent potency and high selectivity against both A2A and A1 receptors. 相似文献
15.
Elisabetta Barresi Chiara Giacomelli Simona Daniele Ilaria Tonazzini Marco Robello Silvia Salerno Ilaria Piano Barbara Cosimelli Giovanni Greco Federico Da Settimo Claudia Martini Maria Letizia Trincavelli Sabrina Taliani 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2018,26(22):5885-5895
The expression levels and the subcellular localization of adenosine receptors (ARs) are affected in several pathological conditions as a consequence of changes in adenosine release and metabolism. In this respect, labelled probes able to monitor the AR expression could be a useful tool to investigate different pathological conditions. Herein, novel ligands for ARs, bearing the fluorescent 7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD) group linked to the N1 (1,2) or N10 (3,4) nitrogen of a triazinobenzimidazole scaffold, were synthesized. The compounds were biologically evaluated as fluorescent probes for labelling A1 and A2B AR subtypes in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) that express both receptor subtypes. The binding affinity of the synthetized compounds towards the different AR subtypes was determined. The probe 3 revealed a higher affinity to A1 and A2B ARs, showing interesting spectroscopic properties, and it was selected as the most suitable candidate to label both AR subtypes in undifferentiated MSCs.Fluorescence confocal microscopy showed that compound 3 significantly labelled ARs on cell membranes and the fluorescence signal was decreased by the cell pre-incubation with the A1 AR and A2B AR selective agonists, R-PIA and BAY 60-6583, respectively, thus confirming the specificity of the obtained signal. In conclusion, compound 3 could represent a useful tool to investigate the expression pattern of both A1 and A2B ARs in different pathological and physiological processes. Furthermore, these results provide an important basis for the design of new and more selective derivatives able to monitor the expression and localization of each different ARs in several tissues and living cells. 相似文献
16.
Damian Labuda Jean-François Lefebvre Marie-Hélène Roy-Gagnon 《American journal of human genetics》2010,86(3):353-856
Was the past genetic contribution of women and men to the current human population equal? Was polygyny (excess of breeding women) present among hominid lineages? We addressed these questions by measuring the ratio of population recombination rates between the X chromosome and the autosomes, ρX/ρA. The X chromosome recombines only in female meiosis, whereas autosomes undergo crossovers in both sexes; thus, ρX/ρA reflects the female-to-male breeding ratio, β. We estimated β from ρX/ρA inferred from genomic diversity data and calibrated with recombination rates derived from pedigree data. For the HapMap populations, we obtained β of 1.4 in the Yoruba from West Africa, 1.3 in Europeans, and 1.1 in East Asian samples. These values are consistent with a high prevalence of monogamy and limited polygyny in human populations. More mutations occur during male meiosis as compared to female meiosis at the rate ratio referred to as α. We show that at α ≠ 1, the divergence rates and genetic diversities of the X chromosome relative to the autosomes are complex functions of both α and β, making their independent estimation difficult. Because our estimator of β does not require any knowledge of the mutation rates, our approach should allow us to dissociate the effects of α and β on the genetic diversity and divergence rate ratios of the sex chromosomes to the autosomes. 相似文献
17.
G. ivanovi M. Milanovi M. Andjelkovi 《Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research》1995,33(2):81-83
Inversion polymorphism in populations of D. subobscura from a beech forest on Jastrebac mountain was studied in June 1990, 1993, and 1994, respectively. The same analysis was performed in 1990 for D. subobscura populations in a beech forest and an oak forest in the same region. Statistically significant differences in the frequencies of the gene arrangements of A1, J and U chromosome were observed during the period of investigation. A tendency towards a decrease in the frequency of the standard gene arrangements was found for all chromosomes, but was particularly evident with chromosomes A and J. The frequency of the gene arrangements A1 A2, J1 and U1–2+6 increased at the same time. Differences in the frequency of the gene arrangements of A, J and U chromosomes were also observed when the populations from two ecologically different habitats (beech and oak forest) were compared in 1990. 相似文献
18.
Gibberellin Structure-Dependent Interaction between Gibberellins and Deoxygibberellin C in the Growth of Dwarf Maize Seedlings 下载免费PDF全文
Hashimoto T 《Plant physiology》1987,83(4):910-914
The effects of 3-deoxygibberellin C (DGC) on the growth-promoting actions of gibberellins A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A7, A8, A9, A13, A18, A19, A20, and A23 (GAn) as well as 13-deoxygibberellin A5 (deoxy-GA5) were tested with seedlings of gibberellin-deficient dwarf mutants (d2 and d5) of maize (Zea mays L.). It was found that DGC promoted the actions of gibberellins having both C-1 double bond and C-3 axial hydroxyl group, and it inhibited the action of gibberellins having the saturated ring A and lacking the C-3 axial hydroxyl group, whereas it did not affect that of the ones having the hydroxyl group. The presence of C-2 double bond, as in GA5 and deoxy-GA5, diminished the inhibitory action of DGC. The DGC inhibition was alleviated by raising the doses of the relevant GAs, suggesting that it is a competitive inhibition. These results and the finding that the growth of normal maize and rice seedlings are inhibited by DGC indicate that GA9, GA19, GA20 or other gibberellins having ring A of the same structure are involved in the growth of these plants as active form(s) or as intermediate(s) leading to the active form(s). 相似文献
19.
Roslyn Lefin Mietha M. van der Walt Pieter J. Milne Gisella TerreBlanche 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2017,27(17):3963-3967
Previous research has shown that bicyclic 6:5-fused heteroaromatic compounds with two N-atoms have variable degrees of adenosine A1 receptor antagonistic activity. Prompted by this imidazo[1,2-α]pyridine analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their adenosine A1 and A2A receptor affinity via radioligand binding studies and subjected to a GTP shift assay to determine its adenosine A1 receptor agonistic or antagonistic functionality. Imidazo[1,2-α]pyridine, the parent scaffold, was found devoid of affinity for the adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. The influence of substitution on position C2 showed no improvement for either adenosine A1 or A2A receptor affinity. The addition of an amino or a cyclohexylamino group to position C3 also showed no improvement of adenosine A1 or A2A receptor affinity. Surprisingly para-substitution on the phenyl ring at position C2 in combination with a cyclohexylamino group at position C3 led to adenosine A1 receptor affinity in the low micromolar range with compound 4d showing: (1) the highest affinity for the adenosine A1 receptor with a Ki value of 2.06 µM and (2) adenosine A1 receptor antagonistic properties. This pilot study concludes that para-substituted 3-cyclohexylamino-2-phenyl-imidazo[1,2-α]pyridine analogues represent an interesting scaffold to investigate further structure-activity relationships in the design of novel imidazo[1,2-α]pyridine-based adenosine A1 receptor antagonists for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. 相似文献
20.
Differences in esterase isozymes between Panonychus citri populations infesting citrus and Osmanthus
Gene frequencies were investigated in the -Est1 locus between Japanese populations of Panonychus citri occurring on some fruit trees and on the garden trees, Osmanthus trees and Ilex crenata. A new allele, A
3, was found in the -Est1 of populations collected on Osmanthus trees. Populations on I. crenata, Citrus unshiu and Pyrus serotina had one or both A
1 and A
2 alleles. However, the populations on Osmanthus trees had only the A
3 allele and did not vary geographically. 相似文献