医学研究生急救技能掌握情况的初步调查

目的了解医学研究生对急救技能的掌握晴况和对培训的态度。方法对我校2008-2011年入学的458名医学研究生急救技能掌握情况进行调查,并对4项技术（徒手心肺复苏、止血、包扎、固定与搬运）进行技能考核。发放调查问卷,了解对急救技能培训的需求情况。结果医学研究生急救技能掌握普遍较差,4项技术平均合格率为27．3％;心肺复苏技能培训合格率为55．6％。92．3％的医学研究生认为急救技能非常重要,89．5％希望定期得到急救技能培训。结论医学研究生急救知识与技能掌握较差,应定期对他们进行急救技能培训。     

ECS结合情景模拟教学在社区医师急救技能培训中的应用效果分析

目的:探讨应用急救模拟人(Emergency Care Simulator,ECS)结合情景模拟教学法对社区医师进行急救技能培训的效果。方法:应用ECS结合情景模拟对27名社区医师按照2010年美国心肺复苏指南标准进行急救技能培训,急救技能内容包括心肺复苏,气管插管和4项技术(止血、包扎、固定、转运),比较培训前后成绩的区别;调查社区医师对ECS结合情景模拟教学法的认可程度。结果:社区医师胸外按压培训前后的成绩分别为59.61±12.35和81.42±13.26(P<0.05),气管插管的成绩分别为64.18±15.21和85.49±18.17(P<0.05),4项技术的成绩分别为62.15±12.28和89.32±15.34(P<0.05);96.2%认为该教学方法可以提高学习兴趣和团队合作精神。结论:应用ECS结合情景教学对社区医师进行培训可以提高急救技能,有利于培养团队精神和临床思维能力。     

生理驱动高仿真模拟技术在心肺复苏培训中的应用

目的:探讨生理驱动高仿真模拟技术对于提高医护人员心肺复苏能力的效果及必要性.方法:对126名新入院医护人员进行基本急救知识摸底测试,然后使用简单急救技能操作模拟器和生理驱动高仿真模拟人,应用"简短理论讲授+分项技术练习+综合模拟演练+录像回放分析"方法进行急救技能培训,分析培训效果,总结反馈意见.结果:培训前心肺复苏理论成绩45.81±5.23,心肺复苏操作技能及格率仅为11.36%.经短期培训后,再次以同等难度试卷测试,平均理论成绩为92.85±6.25,心肺复苏操作测试合格率为100.0%,与培训前平均成绩比较有显著的提高(P<0.01);对接受培训者的反馈意见进行分析,认为有必要加强急救培训者占95.2%;认为高仿真模拟急救培训对今后医疗工作中处理紧急突发事件或急危重病人有重要帮助者占98.4%.结论:生理驱动高仿真模拟培训对提高急救意识和实际应急能力有重要帮助作用,有必要对医护人员定期进行急救知识和技能培训.     

ECS结合情景模拟教学在社区医师急救技能培训中的应用效果分析

目的：探讨应用急救模拟人（Emergency Care Simulator,ECS）结合情景模拟教学法对社区医师进行急救技能培训的效果。方法：应用ECS结合情景模拟对27名社区医师按照2010年美国心肺复苏指南标准进行急救技能培训,急救技能内容包括心肺复苏,气管插管和4项技术（止血、包扎、固定、转运）,比较培训前后成绩的区别;调查社区医师对ECS结合情景模拟教学法的认可程度。结果：社区医师胸外按压培训前后的成绩分别为59．61±12．35和81．42±13．26（P〈0．05）,气管插管的成绩分别为64．18±15．21和85．49±18．17（P〈0．05）,4项技术的成绩分别为62．15±12．28和89．32±15．34（P〈0．05）;96．2％认为该教学方法可以提高学习兴趣和团队合作精神。结论：应用ECS结合情景教学对社区医师进行培训可以提高急救技能,有利于培养团队精神和临床思维能力。     

计算机模拟技术结合多媒体教学法在心肺复苏培训中的应用

目的:探讨和评价计算机模拟技术结合多媒体教学法在心肺复苏培训中的应用价值。方法:对62名急诊医生进行心肺复苏理论和技能测试,应用算机模拟技术结合多媒体教学模式,进行综合模拟演练并再次考核,比较两次成绩的差异;并发放调查问卷,分析对教学方法的评价及满意度。结果:培训后再次考核理论成绩、技能成绩和团队合作能力较初步测试成绩有显著提高,P0.05;98.3%喜欢该教学法,95.1%认为该教学法可以提高团队合作能力。结论:计算机模拟技术结合多媒体教学法在心肺复苏培训中具有重要的应用价值,可以显著提高团队合作能力。     

心肺复苏教学存在的问题及对策

心肺复苏术是医学生必须掌握的基本操作技能,医学生是否正确掌握该项技术,将影响其将来的临床工作急救能力,也影响心肺复苏术在社会的推广应用。虽然心肺复苏作为医学高等教育的重要部分,医学生在不同学习阶段接受了一定技能培训,但教学效果不尽人意。     

多媒体教学软件结合带领教学法在心肺复苏培训中的应用研究

目的：探讨采用多媒体教学软件结合带领教学法对医护人员进行心肺复苏培训的效果。方法：将参加心肺复苏培训的120名医护人员随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组采用传统的教学法,观察组采用多媒体教学软件结合带领教学法,培训结束后,对培训时间、技能考核情况和学生的反馈意见进行分析和评估。结果：对照组和观察组每次培训时间分别为（3．23±1．13）h和（2．75±0．75）h,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;两组学员的考核通过率分别为66．7％和83.3％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但前者在完成颈动脉检查这一环节上优于后者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。就学员的反馈意见而言,后者在教学效果主观评价要高于前者。结论：通过多媒体教学软件结合带领教学法进行心肺复苏培训,医护人员能有效掌握心肺复苏技能,有利于开展较大规模的培训活动,值得在院内培训中推广应用。     

临床专升本急救医学临床见习方法的研究

目的:探讨PBL(以问题为中心的教学法)结合计算机模拟教学在临床专升本急救医学临床见习中的教学效果.方法:对我院80名临床专升本学生急救医学临床见习采用PBL结合计算机模拟教学的方法,设计急救医学中常见的多发伤、急性脑血管病与心肺复苏病例,比较见习前后的教学效果;发放调查问卷,调查学生对教学方法的态度.结果:应用PBL结合计算机模拟教学见习前后的多发伤分别为68.4±8.1和85.7±7.6;急性脑血管病71.4±8.2和83.2±7.6;心肺复苏理论72.6±8.7和87.3±9.2;和心肺复苏技能成绩70.2±8.6和89.5±9.4,(P<0.05);98.7%的学生喜欢PBL结合计算机模拟教学法.97.5%认为PBL结合计算机模拟教学法加深了学习能力和实践能力.结论:在临床专升本急救医学临床见习中采用PBL结合计算机模拟教学可以提高学生的学习成绩,促进实践能力和团队精神的培养.     

医疗机构开展医护配合心肺复苏团队演练的必要性

正对心脏骤停患者实施心肺复苏是医疗机构医务人员必须掌握的一项基本急救技术。为提高医务人员心肺复苏的实际操作能力,提高心脏骤停患者的抢救成功率,减少医疗纠纷,医疗机构有必要开展医护配合心肺复苏团队演练。现就心肺复苏的现状、开展心肺复苏培训的必要性作一综述如下。1我国心肺复苏的现状心脏骤停是临床最危急的病症,我国每年约有54.4万人死于心脏骤停~([1])。心肺复苏(cardiopulmonary resuscita-     

中医专业医学生心肺复苏术培训的后期临床教学研究探讨

目的探讨改进后期临床教学培训方法,以提高中医专业医学生有效掌握心肺复苏术(CPR)基本急救技能。方法针对急诊医学及中医专业医学生的特点,在中医专业医学生后期临床教学中实施教学改革,包括教学理念、临床思维、教师素质、加强教学管理、规范心肺复苏术培训模式及方法、培训效果的考核与评价。结果实施教学改革能有效调动学生学习的主观能动性,使学生能较快掌握心肺复苏术的急救技术。结论有针对性的后期临床教学改革有助于提高中医专业医学生积极学习兴趣,提高学生发现问题、解决问题的能力,有助于学生娴熟地掌握心肺复苏术技能。     

OSCE在全科医师转岗培训临床能力考核中的应用研究

通过客观结构化临床考试应用于全科医师转岗培训临床能力考核,体现出全科医师各站平均成绩跟总分有较大差距,且临床基本技能成绩相对较高,临床技术操作为最薄弱的环节。对全科医师关于客观结构化临床考试考核方案的问卷调查和现场调研表明,全科医师大多非常支持客观结构化临床考试考核方法,但是感觉考核的内容多时间长,身心压力大。通过以上结果,进一步改进应用于全科医师的客观结构化临床考试考核方案,并针对培养过程中的不足之处,进一步改进全科医师培训临床实践教学。     

Effectiveness of teaching general practitioners skills in brief cognitive behaviour therapy to treat patients with depression: randomised controlled trial

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of teaching general practitioners skills in brief cognitive behaviour therapy.DesignParallel group, cluster randomised, controlled trial of an educational package on cognitive behaviour therapy.SettingGeneral practices in north London.Participants84 general practitioner principals and 272 patients attending their practices who scored above the threshold for psychological distress on the hospital anxiety and depression scale.InterventionA training package of four half days on brief cognitive behaviour therapy.ResultsDoctors'' knowledge of depression and attitudes towards its treatment showed no major difference between intervention and control groups after 6 months. The training had no discernible impact on patients'' outcomes.ConclusionGeneral practitioners may require more training and support than a basic educational package on brief cognitive behaviour therapy to acquire skills to help patients with depression.

What is already known on this topic

Trained professionals can deliver effective cognitive behaviour therapy to depressed patients presenting to general practitionersLimited evidence shows that cognitive behaviour therapy is effective when delivered by general practitioners who have received extensive instructionMost doctors do not have the time or inclination to carry out such comprehensive training

What this study adds

Basic training in brief cognitive behaviour therapy has little effect on general practitioners'' attitudes to the identification and treatment of depression or the outcome of their patients with emotional problemsGeneral practitioners may require more extensive training and support if they are to acquire skills in brief cognitive behaviour therapy that will have a positive impact on their patients     

医学研究生灾难医学知识的初步调查及对策

目的了解医学研究生对灾难医学相关知识的认知情况。方法通过发放调查问卷,对我校2008-2011年入学的458名医学研究生进行灾难医学相关知识调查分析。结果医学研究生对灾难医学的基本概念、基本急救技术、灾后心理援助以及传染病的预防及处理相关知识掌握较好,但对灾难伤员的检伤分类、灾难医学管理相关知识掌握明显不足。结论医学研究生掌握灾难医学相关知识已明显提高,但仍存在不足,应加强医学研究生急救技能培训、开设灾难医学选修课,以提高我国灾难医学救援整体水平。     

A career structure for general practice.

Training for general practitioners usually provides little experience in research, business management, or dealing with chronic disease. It is these areas that could provide scope for further training after becoming a general practitioner principal and provided career goals. Formally recognised research practices, perhaps with one partner coordinating research but all participating, and district research facilitators could increase both the quality and the quantity of research in general practice. Recognising the different skills of doctors in the partnership and referring patients to the most appropriate partner will improve care for patients as well as provide career development. Further training could be aimed at filling gaps in the practice''s pool of skills. Good management skills are becoming more important as practice teams get bigger and fundholding spreads. Some doctors may wish to become full time or part time managers and the idea of accredited courses for management has been raised.     

First Things First: Effectiveness and Scalability of a Basic Prehospital Trauma Care Program for Lay First-Responders in Kampala,Uganda

Background

We previously showed that in the absence of a formal emergency system, lay people face a heavy burden of injuries in Kampala, Uganda, and we demonstrated the feasibility of a basic prehospital trauma course for lay people. This study tests the effectiveness of this course and estimates the costs and cost-effectiveness of scaling up this training.

Methods and Findings

For six months, we prospectively followed 307 trainees (police, taxi drivers, and community leaders) who completed a one-day basic prehospital trauma care program in 2008. Cross-sectional surveys and fund of knowledge tests were used to measure their frequency of skill and supply use, reasons for not providing aid, perceived utility of the course and kit, confidence in using skills, and knowledge of first-aid. We then estimated the cost-effectiveness of scaling up the program.At six months, 188 (62%) of the trainees were followed up. Their knowledge retention remained high or increased. The mean correct score on a basic fund of knowledge test was 92%, up from 86% after initial training (n = 146 pairs, p = 0.0016). 97% of participants had used at least one skill from the course: most commonly haemorrhage control, recovery position and lifting/moving and 96% had used at least one first-aid item. Lack of knowledge was less of a barrier and trainees were significantly more confident in providing first-aid. Based on cost estimates from the World Health Organization, local injury data, and modelling from previous studies, the projected cost of scaling up this program was $0.12 per capita or $25–75 per life year saved. Key limitations of the study include small sample size, possible reporter bias, preliminary local validation of study instruments, and an indirect estimate of mortality reduction.

Conclusions

Lay first-responders effectively retained knowledge on prehospital trauma care and confidently used their first-aid skills and supplies for at least six months. The costs of scaling up this intervention to cover Kampala are very modest. This may be a cost-effective first step toward developing formal emergency services in Uganda other resource-constrained settings. Further research is needed in this critical area of trauma care in low-income countries.     

Roles,risks, and responsibilities in maternity care: trainees' beliefs and the effects of practice obstetric training.

OBJECTIVES--To document the content of practice obstetric vocational training, the beliefs of general practitioner trainees about the roles of midwives and general practitioners in maternity care, and the risks of providing such care; and to ascertain if undergoing such training affects their beliefs. DESIGN--Confidential postal questionnaire survey. SUBJECTS--Random one in four sample of all general practitioner trainees in the United Kingdom on vocational training schemes or in training practices in autumn 1990. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Beliefs scored on seven point Likert scales and characteristics of trainer and training practice. RESULTS--Of 1019 trainees sent questionnaires, 765 (75.1% response rate) replied; 638 (83.3%) had done some part of their practice year. Of their trainers, 224 (35.1%) provided full obstetric care. 749 (99%) and 364 (48%) trainees believed that midwives and general practitioners respectively have an important role in normal labour; 681 (91.7%) trainees believed that general practice intrapartum care is a high risk "specialty." Those trainees whose trainers provide full obstetric care were significantly more likely to believe that both midwives and general practitioners have an important role in abnormal labour and to see the provision of intrapartum care as an incentive to join a practice. CONCLUSION--In this series most general practitioner trainees believed that both midwives and general practitioners have important roles in maternity care. Exposure of trainees to the provision of full obstetric care while in their training practice resulted in a more positive attitude towards the provision of such care by general practitioners.     

全科医生临床培养基地建设的实践与探讨

基于国家对全科医生培养基地建设的政策支持,分析了全科医生临床培养基地建设的意义。结合天津医科大学总医院全科医生基地建设的实践,提出大学医院应该充分发挥教学资源优势、医疗资源优势、辐射优势,培养合格全科医生,并就基地建设提出了拓展方案和预期效果。