首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
昆虫变态发育过程中的细胞自噬和凋亡   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在昆虫变态期,幼虫组织发生退化或消亡,原因在于蜕皮甾醇激素(ecdysteroid),即通常所说的蜕皮激素,诱导这些组织的细胞发生了自噬(autophagy)和凋亡(apoptosis)的程序性细胞死亡(programmed cell death,PCD)。一般情况下,自噬途径构成一种饥饿应激适应性以避免细胞的死亡,表现为低水平Cvt泡(Cvt vesicle)和自噬体(autophagosome)对部分胞质溶胶、蛋白聚集体和细胞器的吞噬和降解。昆虫进入变态发育时,由于蜕皮激素的激活,由遗传级联系统调控的PCD机制被启动,低水平的常态自噬转入高水平的自噬并同时诱发凋亡,细胞进入不可逆的死亡,导致幼虫组织在变态期退化或消亡。对果蝇Drosophila变态期PCD机制中最重要的发现是:(1)在自噬发生的PI3KⅠ- Tor 和 PI3KⅢ的分子通路中,由自噬相关蛋白Atg1引发的高水平自噬能够诱导凋亡;(2)蜕皮激素诱导表达的βFTZ-F1,E93,BR-C,E74A等转录因子不但激活凋亡的Caspases通路,还能诱导自噬的发生。  相似文献   

2.
细胞自噬(autophagy)是生物体广泛存在的细胞内自主降解过程。该过程通过自我吞噬细胞质成分和细胞器形成具有双层膜结构的自噬体, 与溶酶体融合实现细胞内物质的循环利用。细胞自噬在饥饿、 缺氧、 内质网胁迫、 病原入侵、 蛋白聚集等不良环境条件下实现自我挽救, 而细胞自噬的大量发生也是程序性细胞死亡(PCD)的启动和执行者之一。目前人们对自噬体分子组装和自噬发生的分子通路已有较深入的了解, 但仍然在很多重要问题上难以达成共识。本文结合我们的研究进展, 对昆虫细胞自噬的生物学意义和自噬体膜的来源问题进行综述和探讨。昆虫在营养相对匮乏的情况下发生低水平自噬(常态自噬), 用于维持细胞内的新陈代谢和继续生存的需要。昆虫在摄食阶段受到过度饥饿的刺激, 在变态发育时期受到蜕皮激素(20E)的诱导, 幼虫组织细胞发生高水平自噬和凋亡(apoptosis), 细胞表现为不可逆死亡, 过度饥饿导致幼虫发育迟缓或者死亡, 而20E导致幼虫蜕皮和幼虫组织退化或消亡。不同于酵母和高等动物细胞中的深入研究, 病原入侵是否和如何诱导昆虫细胞发生自噬, 目前尚缺乏足够的文献依据, 值得深入探讨。几乎所有的细胞器(内质网、 高尔基体、 线粒体)膜都可能是自噬体膜的来源, 这一问题在昆虫中也有待进一步诠释。  相似文献   

3.
自噬是保守的细胞防御机制,又是程序性细胞死亡机制.在多种人类肿瘤中存在细胞自噬活性改变.自噬活性降低促进肿瘤的发生和进展.综述了近年来细胞自噬在肿瘤中的研究进展,从基因组不稳定性、炎-癌链转化和演进、致瘤微生 物感染和宿主免疫应答、细胞凋亡途径与自噬的交叉调节等角度探讨自噬抑制肿瘤的机理,以及细胞自噬在肿瘤治疗中的作用.  相似文献   

4.
细胞自噬是一种广泛存在于真核生物细胞中的代谢过程,参与调控胞内物质合成、降解和重新利用之间的代谢平衡。自噬体与溶酶体的有效融合能有效地保障胞内多余物质的降解及其再利用,是真核细胞所特有的一种自我保护机制。细胞自噬近年来受到广泛的关注,其不仅能充当胞内一个合格的质检员,有效地降解胞内受损的蛋白质成分和细胞器,进而阻止细胞损伤和凋亡,也与肿瘤发生、衰老、神经退行性疾病、人体自身免疫性疾病、肥胖症和糖尿病等多种疾病的发生及发展密切相关。本文旨在对细胞自噬过程和其调控机制进行介绍,并侧重对自噬在生长发育和肿瘤发生中的作用进行综述,为预防与治疗多种人类重大疾病提供理论依据。  相似文献   

5.
肿瘤有多种机制产生化疗药物耐药性.自噬是一种在正常细胞和病理细胞中普遍存在的生理机制,调控自噬的分子和信号传导通路错综复杂.自噬与凋亡有着独特的交叉联系,使得自噬在肿瘤化疗耐药性中发挥着促进或抑制耐药的双重作用.自噬在肿瘤耐药中的这种截然相反的作用与化疗给药浓度、细胞类型、自噬强度等因素有关,但具体机制尚未完全明确.然而,将自噬途径作为治疗肿瘤、降低化疗药物耐药性的靶点有着广阔的应用前景.  相似文献   

6.
刘影  刘韩菡  李胜 《昆虫知识》2009,46(5):673-677
程序化细胞死亡(programmed cell death,PCD)分为I型PCD细胞凋亡(apoptosis)和II型PCD细胞自噬(autophagy)。果蝇等完全变态昆虫有2种类型的器官:即细胞内分裂器官(如脂肪体、表皮、唾液腺、中肠、马氏管等)和有丝分裂器官(复眼、翅膀、足、神经系统等)。在昆虫变态过程中,细胞内分裂器官进行器官重建,幼虫器官大量发生细胞凋亡和细胞自噬到最后完全消亡,同时成虫器官由干细胞从新生成;而有丝分裂器官则由幼虫器官直接发育为成虫器官。在果蝇等昆虫的变态过程中,细胞凋亡和细胞自噬在幼虫器官的死亡和成虫器官的生成中发挥了非常重要的作用。文章简要介绍细胞凋亡和细胞自噬在果蝇变态过程中的生理功能和分子调控机制。  相似文献   

7.
粒体作为一个信号平台,在决定细胞命运中起着至关重要的作用。已知许多经典抗癌药物通过诱导线粒体损伤触发细胞死亡。线粒体自噬是一种选择性自噬,能够有效清除受损线粒体。然而,线粒体自噬在肿瘤发生和抗癌药物治疗中的确切作用仍不清楚。  相似文献   

8.
卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡和自噬在动物卵巢卵泡闭锁过程中发挥重要的调控作用。新近研究表明,铁死亡和焦亡也参与卵巢卵泡闭锁过程。铁死亡是一种铁依赖性脂质过氧化和活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)积累引起的细胞死亡形式。研究证实,自噬和凋亡介导的卵泡闭锁过程中也有典型的铁死亡特征。细胞焦亡是依赖于Gasdermin蛋白的促炎性细胞死亡,可通过调节卵泡颗粒细胞调控卵巢繁殖性能。本文综述了几种细胞程序性死亡独立或相互作用参与调控卵泡闭锁的作用及机制,以期扩展卵泡闭锁机制的理论研究,为细胞程序性细胞死亡诱导卵泡闭锁的作用机制提供理论参考。  相似文献   

9.
细胞自噬是真核细胞在长期进化过程中形成的一种自我保护机制.通过溶酶体途径将胞质蛋白和细胞器降解为小分子.从而为饥饿状态下的细胞提供能量。此外,细胞自噬还能清除入侵的病原性微生物,在天然性和适应性免疫中发挥重要作用。然而近年来研究发现,细胞自噬不仅不能清除HIV病毒,反而有助于HIV病毒的复-a4。此外,HIV病毒蛋白似乎能够阻断细胞自噬作用.促进CD4+T淋巴细胞死亡和艾滋病的发生。简要介绍了细胞自噬的机制。以及细胞自噬在HIV病毒感染中的病理、生理作用。研究细胞自噬与HIV病毒之间的相互作用.有望发现治疗艾滋病的新靶点。  相似文献   

10.
细胞程序性死亡(programmed cell death, PCD)是一种机体在应对各种刺激时受胞内特定基因调控的、主动且有序的细胞死亡方式,具有多种途径,包括细胞凋亡、坏死性凋亡、自噬性细胞死亡、铁死亡等,在维持正常组织内稳态中的作用至关重要。随着病毒的不断进化,目前许多病毒具备操纵和控制PCD的能力,进而促进自身的复制和传播,其中新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus, NDV)在感染过程中可诱导不同形式的PCD,从而影响病毒的生命过程。为进一步了解新城疫病毒与细胞程序性死亡之间的关系,以期为深入理解新城疫病毒的分子致病机制以及开发新的抗病毒策略提供参考资料。现就新城疫病毒感染与PCD之间的细胞凋亡、坏死性凋亡、自噬性细胞死亡、细胞焦亡及铁死亡调控机制研究进展作一概述。  相似文献   

11.
《Autophagy》2013,9(6):867-869
The term autophagic cell death (ACD) initially referred to cell death with greatly enhanced autophagy, but is increasingly used to imply a death-mediating role of autophagy, as shown by a protective effect of autophagy inhibition. In addition, many authors require that autophagic cell death must not involve apoptosis or necrosis. Adopting these new and restrictive criteria, and emphasizing their own failure to protect human osteosarcoma cells by autophagy inhibition, the authors of a recent Editor’s Corner article in this journal argued for the extreme rarity or nonexistence of autophagic cell death. We here maintain that, even with the more stringent recent criteria, autophagic cell death exists in several situations, some of which were ignored by the Editor’s Corner authors. We reject their additional criterion that the autophagy in ACD must be the agent of ultimate cell dismantlement. And we argue that rapidly dividing mammalian cells such as cancer cells are not the most likely situation for finding pure ACD.  相似文献   

12.
Clarke PG  Puyal J 《Autophagy》2012,8(6):867-869
The term autophagic cell death (ACD) initially referred to cell death with greatly enhanced autophagy, but is increasingly used to imply a death-mediating role of autophagy, as shown by a protective effect of autophagy inhibition. In addition, many authors require that autophagic cell death must not involve apoptosis or necrosis. Adopting these new and restrictive criteria, and emphasizing their own failure to protect human osteosarcoma cells by autophagy inhibition, the authors of a recent Editor's Corner article in this journal argued for the extreme rarity or nonexistence of autophagic cell death. We here maintain that, even with the more stringent recent criteria, autophagic cell death exists in several situations, some of which were ignored by the Editor's Corner authors. We reject their additional criterion that the autophagy in ACD must be the agent of ultimate cell dismantlement. And we argue that rapidly dividing mammalian cells such as cancer cells are not the most likely situation for finding pure ACD.  相似文献   

13.
14.
《Autophagy》2013,9(8):1250-1251
Autophagy exerts dual functions in cancer, acting as both a tumor suppressor, for example, by preventing the accumulation of damaged proteins and organelles, and as a tumor promoter that supports tumor growth. Many anticancer therapies engage autophagy as part of a cellular response. However, the question of whether or not autophagic activity in cells undergoing cell death is the cause of death or whether it is actually an attempt to support survival in response to cellular stress conditions has been discussed with great controversy.  相似文献   

15.
细胞自噬是一种细胞自我降解的过程,在适应代谢应激、保持基因组完整性及维持内环境稳定方面发挥重要作用. 在肿瘤治疗中,凋亡耐受是产生肿瘤耐药的重要机制. 细胞自噬可防止抗肿瘤药诱导的凋亡,促进肿瘤耐药. 然而,自噬性细胞死亡可能是凋亡耐受肿瘤细胞的一种死亡方式. 因此,细胞自噬对肿瘤细胞的耐药性有双重影响. 本文综述了细胞自噬的分子机制、细胞自噬与凋亡的关系、细胞自噬与肿瘤耐药以及治疗的主要研究进展.  相似文献   

16.
    
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), was a widely utilized brominated flame retardant, commonly found in a wide range of household products. The pervasiveness of HBCD has identified the presence of this chemical in foods and in human tissues. Therefore, HBCD has been identified as a chemical of concern. The aim was to investigate the degree of cytotoxicity of HBCD in a range of cell lines derived from different tissues, (including hematopoietic, nerve, liver, and kidney-derived cells) with a view of determining any differential cell type effects. In addition, this study also investigated the mechanism(s) by which HBCD could cause cell death. The results showed that HCBD was considerably more toxic to leukocyte-derived (RBL2H3) and neuronal-derived (SHSY-5Y) cells with LC50 values of 1.5 and 6.1 µM, respectively, compared to cells derived from liver (HepG2) and kidney (Cos-7), which had LC50 values of 28.5 and 17.5 µM, respectively. A detailed investigation of the mechanism(s) of cell death showed that HBCD caused, at least in part, Ca2+-dependent cell death, caspase-activated apoptosis, and autophagy, but there was little evidence for either necrosis or necroptosis occurring. Furthermore, it was shown that HBCD can also induce the ER stress response which is a known trigger of both apoptosis and autophagy and therefore this could be one of the crucial events by which cell death is initiated. As each of these cell death mechanisms was investigated in at least two different cell lines and no differences were identified, it is likely that the mode of action is not cell-type specific.  相似文献   

17.
赵萍  王攀  王筱冰 《生命科学》2011,(4):329-334
程序性细胞死亡(programmed cell death,PCD)是指由基因控制的细胞自主的有序性死亡方式,涉及一系列基因的激活、表达以及调控等。目前,经典细胞凋亡被称为Ⅰ型PCD,而自噬性细胞死亡称为Ⅱ型PCD,坏死样程序性细胞死亡则被称为Ⅲ型PCD,它们在肿瘤的发生、发展及治疗过程中起非常重要的作用。该文结合国内外最新研究进展主要针对不同细胞死亡模式及其相互作用、关键作用蛋白,细胞自噬与肿瘤发生,细胞自噬、凋亡与肿瘤治疗作一简要综述,并展望发展前景,提出在肿瘤治疗中如何利用不同死亡模式的协同作用最大限度地发挥其临床应用价值。  相似文献   

18.
Autophagic and proteasomal degradation constitute the major cellular proteolysis pathways. Their physiological and pathophysiological adaptation and perturbation modulates the relative abundance of apoptosis-transducing proteins and thereby can positively or negatively adjust cell death susceptibility. In addition to balancing protein expression amounts, components of the autophagic and proteasomal degradation machineries directly interact with and co-regulate apoptosis signal transduction. The influence of autophagic and proteasomal activity on apoptosis susceptibility is now rapidly gaining more attention as a significant modulator of cell death signalling in the context of human health and disease. Here we present a concise and critical overview of the latest knowledge on the molecular interplay between apoptosis signalling, autophagy and proteasomal protein degradation. We highlight that these three pathways constitute an intricate signalling triangle that can govern and modulate cell fate decisions between death and survival. Owing to rapid research progress in recent years, it is now possible to provide detailed insight into the mechanisms of pathway crosstalk, common signalling nodes and the role of multi-functional proteins in co-regulating both protein degradation and cell death.  相似文献   

19.
细胞自唾又称Ⅱ型程序性细胞死亡,参与了多种疾病的发生和发展。自唆与凋亡之间存在着复杂的交互调控——二者能被多种应激刺激共同激活、共享多个调节分子,甚至互相协调转化等。全面深入研究自噬与凋亡之间的交互作用机制,将为肿瘤等疾病的认知及治疗带来突破性进展。  相似文献   

20.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号