中国斑织蛾属四新种记述(鳞翅目,织蛾科)

记述中国斑织蛾属Ripeacma Moriuti,Saito et Lewvanich 4新种.梯斑织蛾Ripeacma trapezialis sp.nov.采自贵州梵净山,与疣斑织蛾Ripeacma verruculosa Wang et Li 外表相似,可通过外生殖器特征区别:新种雄性颚形突的侧臂短于腹板,抱器腹背缘无突起,囊形突略呈三角形;雌性交配孔两侧呈齿轮状突出,囊突具小齿.杯斑织蛾Ripeacma cotyliformis sp.nov.采自湖北五峰,与秦岭斑织蛾Ripeacma qinlingensis Wang et Zheng外部特征近似,可通过雄性外生殖器特征加以区别:新种爪形突小三角形,颚形突前缘生出一杯状突起,抱器腹明显具端突,阳茎基环略呈矩形.毛斑织蛾Ripeacma setosa sp.nov.采自贵州梵净山,与Ripeacma yaiensis Moriuti,Saito et Lewvanich相似,但其雄性爪形突短三角形,颚形突不呈带状,抱器腹端突具稠密的刚毛,可与后者区别.茎裂斑织蛾Ripeacma bilobata sp.nov.采自贵州梵净山和湖南桑植,可通过以下特征与该属所有已知种区别:前翅前缘基部及中部偏外各有一个大三角形黑斑延伸至翅中部,雄性颚形突呈"X"状;雌性生殖板强烈骨化.该文同时首次报道了角斑织蛾Ripeacma trigonia Wang et Li的雌性个体.文中提供了新种的成虫及外生殖器特征图.模式标本保存在南开大学生物系.     

中国异宽蛾属四新种与二新记录种(鳞翅目:小潜蛾科:宽蛾亚科)

本文报道中国异宽蛾属Agonopterix 4新种和2中国新记录种。西藏异宽蛾A.tibetana Wang,sp.nov.采自西藏林芝,与A.liturosa（Haworth）近似,但雄外生殖器之抱器瓣形状和雌性囊形突形状与后者的不同;尖瓣异宽蛾A.acutivalvula Wang,sp.nov.采自陕西宁陕火地塘,与A.yamatoensis Fujisawa相似,但新种雄性外生殖器之颚形突较后者的大,阳茎基环后缘深凹,雌性外生殖器之交配孔形状与后者的也不同;东方异宽蛾A.orientalis Wang,sp.nov.采自甘肃榆中兴隆山,与A.cnicella Treitschke相似,但尾突不明显突出,颚形突近卵形,阳茎中部弯曲;膨异宽蛾A.dilatata Wang,sp.nov.采自甘肃榆中兴隆山,可通过颚形突略呈圆形,抱器腹端突端部圆形膨大,阳茎端半部突然变尖等特征与其他已知种区别。中国新记录种卷异宽蛾A.capreolella（Zeller）分布新疆（巩留）,西欧,土耳其,土库曼,俄罗斯;金丝桃异宽蛾A.liturosa（Haworth）分布于西藏（林芝）,欧洲,俄罗斯和北非。文中提供了成虫和外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存在南开大学生命科学学院标本室。     

中国草蛾属二新种及二新记录种鳞翅目：织蛾科

本文报道了中国草蛾２新种和２新记录种。新种大茅山草蛾Ｅｔｈｍｉａｄａｍａｏｓｈａｎａｅｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．采自江西,该种个体小,翅面上无明显的斑点或斑纹,雄性外生殖器之抱器端圆形膨大,密具长毛,末端钩状,向上弯,可与所有已知种相区别。新种景东草蛾Ｅｔｈｍｉａｊｉｎｇｄｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．采自云南,与湖南草蛾ＥｔｈｍｉａｈｕｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓＬｉｕ相似,但该种雄性外生殖器爪形突分叉不明显,颚形突口部、尾部均具刺;前翅斑纹亦不同,很容易识别。模式标本保存于西北林学院     

世界黄阔祝蛾属分类概述及一新种记述(鳞翅目:祝蛾科)

列出了黄阔祝蛾属Lecitholaxa Gozmany世界已知7种的名录,包括1新种和2新组合种。新组合种Lecitholaxa pogonikuma(Wu et Park)和L.Mesosura(W u et Park)系由祝蛾属Lecithocera中移入。新种南林黄阔祝蛾Lecitholaxa adonia sp.nov.采自中国湖南,新种与L.kumatai Gozmany近缘,但本种雄性外生殖器的抱器瓣较短,阳茎内有片状的阳茎针;雌性外生殖器第8腹板的尾缘几乎直,囊突大而呈椭圆形。L.kumatai Gozmany则抱器瓣较长,阳茎内无片状阳茎针;雌性第8腹板的尾缘深凹,估小而呈横条状。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国尖顶小卷蛾属系统学研究(鳞翅目,卷蛾科,新小卷蛾亚科)

尖顶小卷蛾属Kennelia全世界已知2种,中国均有分布.本文记录3种,包括1新种:凹尖顶小卷蛾K.apiconcava sp.nov..文中给出了尖顶小卷蛾属的分种检索表,提供了成虫图和外生殖器特征图.研究标本及模式标本均保存在南开大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室.新种与鼠李尖顶小卷蛾K.xylinana(Kennel)在雄性外生殖器上相似,两者的主要区别是:前者较后者个体小;爪形突末端凹陷呈"M"状,不膨大;尾突端部尖锐;抱器瓣颈部很细,约为抱器端宽的1/4;抱器端近圆形.鼠李尖顶小卷蛾K.xylinana(Kennel)个体较大;爪形突端部膨大,末端平截;尾突端部钝圆;抱器瓣颈部粗,约为抱器端宽的1/2;抱器端斜卵圆形.     

褐巢蛾属分类修订(鳞翅目,巢蛾科,巢蛾亚科)

对褐巢蛾属 Metanomeuta Meyrick进行了修订,重新描述了模式种,讨论了其形态变异;记述2个新种,即岳西褐巢蛾 Metanomeuta yuexiensis sp.nov.和疏刺褐巢蛾 Metanomeutaspinisparsula sp.nov..文中提供了成虫和外生殖器特征图,给出了分种检索表及分布图.模式标本保存在南开大学昆虫标本室.岳西褐巢蛾,新种 Metanomeuta yuexiensis sp.nov.(图3,10,13)该种与金冠褐巢蛾 Metanomeuta fulvicrinis Meyrick外部相似,但可通过外生殖器特征区别:颚形突卵圆形,末端钝圆;雌性后阴片中部微凹,前阴片不明显,囊导管基部2/3具瘤突,交配囊长卵形.正模♂,安徽岳西温泉(30°52'N,116°22'E),1995-08-08,胡祥富采,外生殖器玻片号JQ07191.副模：8♂♂,1♀,安徽岳西温泉,1995-07-25～08-22,胡祥富采. 疏刺褐巢蛾,新种Metanomeuta spinisparsula sp.nov.(图4,11,14)该种与金冠褐巢蛾Metanomeuta fulvicrinis 相似,区别在于:体为深褐色,翅面无任何斑纹;雄性颚形突略呈舌状,末端突出,抱器腹除端部有一枚较大刺突外,无明显小刺或小刺束;雌性导管端片小且非杯状,囊导管仅基部1/2 具瘤突.正模♂,湖南石门县壶瓶山江坪(29°35'N,111°22'E;480m),2002-01-05,于海丽采,外生殖器玻片号JQO6091;副模1♀,采集资料同正模.     

危害枇杷的潜蛾属一新种(鳞翅目,潜蛾科)

记述了潜蛾属(潜蛾亚科)1新种,枇杷潜蛾Lyonetia eriobotryae sp.nov..该文提供了成虫外形、茧与幼虫的危害状照片及雌雄外生殖器解剖图.模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所.成虫将卵产在枇杷嫩叶反面的端部边缘,位于内外表皮之间.卵孵化后向叶基部钻蛀,沿叶片的主脉蛀入嫩梢内,导致嫩梢枯死,严重影响枇杷的生长和结实.老熟幼虫爬到一片新叶的背面结一白色丝茧,在其中化蛹.在云南省蒙自县枇杷的受害株率达80%～90%.该虫在云南蒙自1年发生多代,世代重叠.枇杷潜蛾,新种Lyonetia eriobotryae sp.nov.(图1～8)正模♂,副模5♂♂,5♀♀,云南省蒙自县,2005-07-10,武春生、李正跃采.新种的外生殖器与桃潜蛾L.derkella(Linnaeus)很相似,但成虫前翅无中室端斑,雄性外生殖器的颚形突末端小四叉形(桃潜蛾为大二叉形),雌性外生殖器的囊突明显长于桃潜蛾.成虫花纹与台湾产的石楠潜蛾L.anthemopaMeyrick(也分布在日本)相似,但新种前翅缺前缘纹,雌性外生殖器有1枚长的囊突(石楠潜蛾前翅有前缘纹,雌性外生殖器无囊突).词源:新种名来自寄主植物的属名.     

中国锦织蛾属的研究(鳞翅目 :织蛾科) :五新种和二新纪录种记述(英文)

本文记述了锦织蛾属五新种和中国二新纪录种。迄今为止 ,中国已知锦织蛾 33种。模式标本保存在南开大学生物系标本室。饰带锦织蛾Promalactisinfulata新种 .正模♂ ,河南信阳鸡公山 ,70 0m ,1997 Ⅶ 9,李后魂采 ;副模 3♀♀ ,1997 VII 11,其它采集资料同正模。本种可通过下列特征与该属其它已知种区别 :前翅表面斑纹较多 ;雄性外生殖器之抱器背短 ,阳茎角状器极长 ;雌性外生殖器之囊导管中部膨大。宝天曼锦织蛾Promalactisbaotianmanensis新种 .正模♂ ,河南内乡县宝天曼 ,1350m ,1998 Ⅶ 15,李后魂采 ;副模 15♀♀ ,1998 Ⅶ 13～ 15,其他采集资料同正模。本新种与PromalactispulchraWangetZheng外形相似 ,但可通过外生殖器特征与之区别 :新种雄性爪形突后缘中部凹入 ,两侧突出 ,阳茎端部无分支 ;雌性外生殖器导管端片后部呈三齿状。密纹锦织蛾Promalactisdensimacularis新种 .正模♂ ,江西井冈山小溪洞 ,1978 Ⅶ 7;副模 3♀♀ ,1978 VII 4～ 6,资料同正模。本种的前翅斑纹独特 ,雄性外生殖器颚形突端部两侧突出 ,形成不规则的突起 ,雌性外生殖器导管端片后缘呈三角形凹入等特征可与该属其它已知种区别。短瓣锦织蛾Promalactisbrevivalvaris新种 .正模♂ ,甘肃天水 ,1988 Ⅷ 10 ,武星煜采。本种与P     

中国圆点小卷蛾属研究及一新种记述(鳞翅目,卷蛾科,小卷蛾亚科)(英文)

记述了我国圆点小卷蛾属EudemisHbner的种类,共4种,其中包括1新种:郑氏圆点小卷蛾E.zhengi sp.nov.。提供了分种检索表、新种的形态特征图和生殖器图。模式标本保存在南开大学昆虫标本室。郑氏圆点小卷蛾,新种Eudemis zhengi sp.nov.(图1~2)新种与杨梅圆点小卷蛾E.gyrotis(Meyrick)相似,但可通过下列特征区别:雄性外生殖器之颚形突中部的突起宽短,同时侧缘还具尖角状突起并被细齿,抱器瓣仅在抱器腹近基部具1簇刺丛;后者颚形突中部的突起长指状,侧缘无突起,抱器瓣腹缘具3簇刺丛,分别位于抱器腹基部和端部及抱器端基部2/5处。正模♂,云南勐腊补蚌(21°29′N,101°33′E;海拔650m),25Aug.2005,任应党采;玻片号YHL05159。词源:新种种名以郑哲民教授的姓氏命名,以示对郑先生在我国昆虫系统学研究领域做出显著贡献的敬意。     

中国锦织蛾属五新种及一新纪录种(鳞翅目:织蛾科)

本文报道了中国织蛾５新种和１新纪录种,绘制了雌雄外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存在南开大学生物系。三线锦织蛾,新种Ｐｒｏｍａｌａｃｔｉｓ ｔｒｉｌｉｎｅａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,本种外形与Ｐ．ｅｎｏｐｉｓｅｍａ（Ｂｕｔｌｅｒ）相似,雄性外生殖器特征与朴锦织蛾Ｐ．ｐａｒｋｉ Ｌｖｏｖｓｋｙ相近,但该种雄性外生殖器爪形突末端圆形,抱器背中部具圆形突起,可与前两种区别。拟银锦织蛾,新种Ｐｒｏｍａｌａｃｔｉｓ     

Concentration of 17 trace elements in serum and whole blood of plains viscachas (Lagostomus maximus) by ICP-MS, their reference ranges, and their relation to cataract

The reference ranges of the trace elements Al, As, Be, B, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Li, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in sera of a group of free-ranging plains viscachas of the pampa grasslands of Argentina. The values were compared with those of a small group of captive plains viscachas of the Zurich Zoo with diabetes and bilateral cataracts. In addition, a method for digestion of whole-blood samples is described for the trace element determination. Significant differences in the concentration of trace elements in the two groups of animals are discussed. No correlation was found between the levels of selenium and of other trace elements compared to the formation of cataracts.     

Molecular phylogeny of the gobioid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Gobioidei)

The phylogeny of groups within Gobioidei is examined with molecular sequence data. Gobioidei is a speciose, morphologically diverse group of teleost fishes, most of which are small, benthic, and marine. Efforts to hypothesize relationships among the gobioid groups have been hampered by the prevalence of reductive evolution among goby species; such reduction can make identification of informative morphological characters particularly difficult. Gobies have been variously grouped into two to nine families, several with included subfamilies, but most existing taxonomies are not phylogenetic and few cladistic hypotheses of relationships among goby groups have been advanced. In this study, representatives of eight of the nine gobioid familes (Eleotridae, Odontobutidae, Xenisthmidae, Gobiidae, Kraemeriidae, Schindleriidae, Microdesmidae, and Ptereleotridae), selected to sample broadly from the range of goby diversity, were examined. Complete sequence from the mitochondrial ND1, ND2, and COI genes (3573 bp) was used in a cladistic parsimony analysis to hypothesize relationships among the gobioid groups. A single most parsimonious topology was obtained, with decay indices indicating strong support for most nodes. Major phylogenetic conclusions include that Xenisthmidae is part of Eleotridae, and Eleotridae is paraphyletic with respect to a clade composed of Gobiidae, Microdesmidae, Ptereleotridae, Kraemeriidae, and Schindleriidae. Within this five-family clade, two clades are recovered. One includes Gobionellinae, which is paraphyletic with respect to Kraemeriidae, Sicydiinae, Oxudercinae, and Amblyopinae. The other contains Gobiinae, also paraphyletic, and including Microdesmidae, Ptereleotridae, and Schindleriidae. Previous morphological evidence for goby groupings is discussed; the phylogenetic hypothesis indicates that the morphological reduction observed in many goby species has been derived several times independently.     

Floral elaiophore structure in four representatives of the Ornithocephalus clade (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae)

Background and Aims A significant number of species assigned to the Neotropical orchid sub-tribe Oncidiinae reward insect pollinators with oil produced in floral glands termed elaiophores. The latter may be glabrous (epithelial elaiophores) or hirsute (trichomal elaiophores). Although the detailed anatomy and ultrastructure of epithelial elaiophores have been studied for a number of genera, such as Oncidium Sw., Gomesa R. Br. and Trichocentrum Poepp. & Endl., hitherto, trichomal elaiophores have been investigated only for a single species of Oncidiinae, Ornithocephalus ciliatus Lindl. Furthermore, this is the only representative of the Ornithocephalus clade to be investigated to date. Here, an examination is made of the elaiophore anatomy and ultrastructure of a further four species currently assigned to this clade (Ornithocephalus gladiatus Hook., Phymatidium falcifolium Lindl., Zygostates grandiflora (Lindl.) Mansf. and Zygostates lunata Lindl.) and the results compared with those obtained for other Oncidiinae. Methods Elaiophore structure was examined for all species at three stages of flower development: closed bud, first day of anthesis and final stage of anthesis, using light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and histochemistry. Key Results Elaiophores of O. gladiatus occur upon the lateral lobes of the labellum and display characters intermediate between those of typical epithelial and trichomal elaiophores, in that they are largely glabrous, consisting mainly of cuboidal epidermal cells, but bear short, unicellular hairs proximally. By contrast, the elaiophores of all the other species investigated occur on the callus and are of the trichomal type. In P. falcifolium, these unicellular hairs are capitate. In all species, oil secretion commenced at the closed floral bud stage. Ultrastructurally, the mainly trichomal elaiophores of the four representatives of the Ornithocephalus clade closely resembled the epithelial elaiophores of other Oncidiinae, in that their cells displayed an organelle complement typical of lipid-secreting cells. However, in some taxa, a number of noteworthy characters were present. For example, the elaiophore cuticle of O. gladiatus and P. falcifolium was bi-layered, the outer layer being lamellate, the inner reticulate. The cuticle of Z. grandiflora and Z. lunata was also lamellate, but here, a reticulate layer was absent. Accumulation of secreted oil resulted in the localized distension of the cuticle. Cuticular cracks and pores, however, were absent from all species. The walls of the secretory cells of Z. grandiflora were also atypical in that they had short protuberances or ingrowths, and contained cavities which are thought to be involved in the secretory process. Conclusions Of the species investigated, most displayed similar anatomical organization, their trichomal elaiophores occurring on the labellar callus. They, thus, differ from many other members of the Oncidiinae, where epithelial elaiophores are found either on the callus, or on the lateral lobes of the labellum. However, ultrastructurally, all elaiophores, whether those of representatives of the Ornithocephalus clade, or those of other oil-secreting Oncidiinae, possessed a similar complement of organelles, regardless of whether the elaiophores were trichomal or epithelial. In view of the latter, and the similar chemical composition of oils derived from all Oncidiinae investigated to date, it is probable that position and type of elaiophore, and possibly the structure of the overlying cuticle, play an important role in pollinator selection in these oil-secreting orchids.     

Comparative morphology and evolutionary pathways of the mouthparts in spore-feeding Staphylinoidea (Coleoptera)

This study surveys the external morphology of the mouthparts in the guild of spore‐feeders among the coleopterous superfamily Staphylinoidea, evaluating the influence of different phylogenetic and ecological starting points on the formation of their mouthparts. Our emphasis is on a scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) of the involved trophic structures in spore‐feeding larvae and adults of the Ptiliidae, Leiodidae and Staphylinidae, describing the fine structure of their main functional elements. Functionally, mouthpart structures resemble brushes, brooms, combs, rakes, rasps, excavators, knives, thorns, cram‐brushes, bristle troughs, blocks and differently structured grinding surfaces. Their different involvement in the various aspects of the feeding process (i.e. food gathering, transporting, channelling and grinding) is deduced from our SEM analyses plus direct video observations. We infer five different patterns of food transport and processing, discriminating adults of ptiliids, leiodids plus staphylinids (excluding some aleocharines), several aleocharine staphylinids, and the larvae of leiodids and staphylinids. The structural diversity of the mouthparts increases in the order from (1) Ptiliidae, (2) Leiodidae towards (3) Staphylinidae, reflecting the increasing systematic and ecological diversity of these groups. Comparisons with non‐spore‐feeders show that among major lineages of staphylinoids, shifts from general microphagy to sporophagy are not necessarily constrained by, nor strongly reflected in, mouthpart morphology. Nevertheless, in several of these lineages the organs of food intake and grinding have experienced particular fine‐structural modifications, which have undergone convergent evolution, probably in response to specialized mycophagy such as spore‐feeding. These modifications involve advanced galeal rakes, galeal or lacinial ‘spore brushes’ with arrays of stout bristles, reinforced obliquely ventrad orientated prosthecal lobes and the differentiations of the molar grinding surfaces into stout teeth or tubercles. In addition, several staphylinids of the tachyporine and oxyteline groups with reduced mandibular molae have evolved secondary trituration surfaces, which in some aleocharines are paralleled by considerable re‐constructions of the labium–hypopharynx.     

Phylogenetic relationships and character evolution in New Zealand and selected Australian Gnaphalieae (Compositae) inferred from morphological and anatomical data

Most of the estimated 70–80 species of New Zealand Gnaphalieae are endemic. Those of Anaphalioides , Ewartia , Helichrysum , Leucogenes , Rachelia and Raoulia belong to a putatively monophyletic group which is supported by analysis of nuclear ITS DNA sequences and is virtually confined to New Zealand. All species of Craspedia , Euchiton , Ozothamnus and Pseudognaphalium are excluded from this group. A phylogenetic analysis of 42 species of Gnaphalieae, using 57 morphological, anatomical and palynological characters, was conducted to test the monophyly of this group and to seek evidence of generic relationships. The analysis does not resolve basal relationships among the Gnaphalieae studied here. The putative monophyletic New Zealand group is not retrieved. Monophyly is supported for each of Euchiton , Leucogenes , the whipcord species of Helichrysum , the pulvinate species of Raoulia , and Raoulia subg. Raoulia (excluding the aberrant R. cinerea ), but not for Anaphalioides or Raoulia s.l. There are these two distinct groups in Raoulia s.l. but also a substantial number of isolated species. The sole New Zealand species of Ewartia is not a sister species to Australian Ewartia . The Australian species Ewartia planchonii is the sister species to Euchiton rather than to the other Australian species of Ewartia .  © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2003, 141 , 183–203.     

略论棕榈科与新分出的省藤科的系统分类、演化、区系地理及主要的经济用途

棕榈科原省藤亚科因其子房壁及外果皮被倒生、螺旋状排列的鳞片所覆盖,而区别于其他亚科,因而独立分出成一新科--省藤科。作者讨论了棕榈科的祖先种可能在石炭纪时,自原始裸子植物开以顿目在分化、衍生出苏铁目祖先种的进化干上,于白垩纪时分化出的一个分支。在棕榈科的祖先种出现不久后,在其进化的分支上,于白垩纪后期又分化出一旁支,成为棕榈科的姊妹科--省藤科的祖先种。从两祖先种分别再分化、衍生出现今分布地球上该二科的属与种。两科、尤其前者是被子植物、尤其是单子叶植物中最原始的类群之一。作者还提出棕榈科象牙椰亚科与贝叶棕亚科是该科最原始或较原始的两类群;槟榔亚科和腊材榈亚科是较进化的两类群;而水椰亚科祖先种可能源于象牙椰亚科的祖先种,但又演化为该科最进化与特化的类群。省藤科省藤亚科略比鳞果榈亚科原始。作者讨论了两科为泛热带分布的科,指出两科的"现代分布区"在南北两半球热带地区,少数种还延伸分布到两半球暖亚热带、甚至达中亚热带地区,分布区边缘最北达日本中部、中国长江流域及黄河下游的南部,美国加利佛尼亚州与佛罗里达州和地中海北部;最南达智利中部和新西兰南部;而"现代分布中心"在热带与暖亚热带的亚洲,中、南美洲,大洋洲及非洲的东、南、西部;但分布区的"密集中心"则在热带亚洲、热带中及南美洲、南太平洋群岛及非洲东南部。作者还介绍了近50年我国南方引种驯化成功的两科植物近400种(见^*图谱),其中少数为耐寒的种类,有的种已引种到长江流域或更北的地区。引种的大部分种都有其重要的经济用途,包括:1. 食用,如淀粉和树液可制"西米"或制糖,酿酒、醋或作饮料;果或种子榨油,供食用或工业用;某些种的嫩芽作蔬菜,甚至种子代咖啡饮用;2. 药用,有消炎、止血、活血、驱虫、抗癌等用;3. 建筑、工艺与日用品,包括不少种的树干供建普通房子、桥梁、小船;少数种可提制工业用蜡;许多种的纤维制高级缆绳和编织品;还制工艺品与日用品等;4. 代表热带景观的园林工程、绿化及美化环境的观赏树和人行道树及建造园林景观生态类型的树种等。     

利用培养特征和生理特性鉴别担子菌菌种的研究

担子菌菌种多是菌丝型的培养物,在长期保藏中如发生错误也较难辨别。本文报道了以培养特征和生理特性作为保藏的担子菌菌种的特征集要,并根据集要制定出鉴别他们的检索表。通过对48属、71种、142株菌种的实验结果,利用培养特征和生理特性鉴别保藏的担子菌菌种是可行的。     

The effect of aging on the mineral status of female mice

To clarify the effect of aging on the mineral status of female mice, mineral concentrations in their tissues were determined. Five 2-mo-old, five 6-mo-old, and five 10-mo-old female B10BR mice were fed a commercial diet. Iron, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium concentrations in the blood, liver, kidney, heart, brain, lung, and spleen of the mice were determined using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Iron concentrations in the liver, kidney, heart, brain, and spleen increased with age. Significant differences were detected between mice 2 and 6 mo of age and between mice 2 and 10 mo of age. Zinc concentrations in the heart and lung decreased significantly with age. Zinc concentrations in the heart and lung of 10-mo-old mice were significantly lower than those of 2-mo-old mice. It is noteworthy that the copper concentration in the brain of 10-mo-old mice was markedly higher compared with that of younger mice. Calcium accumulation was apparent in the kidney of mice at 10 mo.