中国尾蛱蝶属系统发育分析——基于雄性外生殖器形态特征

在对中国尾蛱蝶属雄性外生殖器解剖研究的基础上,选取了23个雄性外生殖器解剖特征,利用Paup4.0b10系统发育分析软件,分析探讨了中国尾蛱蝶属系统发育关系。结果表明:中国尾蛱蝶属9个种分为2个支系,一支系由凤尾蛱蝶Polyura arja、窄斑凤尾蛱蝶P.athamas及黑凤尾蛱蝶P.schreiber3种组成,另一支系由二尾蛱蝶P.narcaea、沾襟尾蛱蝶P.posidonius、忘忧尾蛱蝶P.nepenthes、异纹尾蛱蝶P.mutata、大二尾蛱蝶P.eudamippus及针尾蛱蝶P.dolon6种组成。两大支系均以渐次方式演化;凤尾蛱蝶与窄斑凤尾蛱蝶、大二尾蛱蝶与针尾蛱蝶各自互为姊妹群关系。     

蜘蛱蝶属Araschnia Htlbner分类研究（鳞翅目：凤蝶总科：蛱蝶科）

记述了中国蜘蛱蝶属Araschnia Htibner 8种,编制了分种检索表。通过外部形态和生殖器特征研究,将布网蜘蛱蝶Araschnia burejana 2个亚种中的布网蜘蛱蝶黎氏亚种Araschnia burejana leechi提升为种——黎氏蜘蛱蝶Araschnia leechi,并绘制了雄性外生殖器图。     

蜘蛱蝶属Araschnia Hübner分类研究(鳞翅目:凤蝶总科:蛱蝶科)

记述了中国蜘蛱蝶属AraschniaHübner8种,编制了分种检索表。通过外部形态和生殖器特征研究,将布网蜘蛱蝶Araschniaburejana2个亚种中的布网蜘蛱蝶黎氏亚种Araschniaburejanaleechi提升为种——黎氏蜘蛱蝶Araschnialeechi,并绘制了雄性外生殖器图。     

中国尾蛱蝶属雄性外生殖器比较形态学研究(鳞翅目,蛱蝶科,螯蛱蝶亚科)

对中国尾蛱蝶属Polyura9个种的雄性外生殖器进行了比较形态学研究,结果表明,雄性外生殖器种间存在明显差异,可作为种类鉴别依据;并根据雄性外生殖器特征编制了中国尾蛱蝶属的种检索表。     

迷蛱蝶属及相关物种细胞色素b基因序列及其分子系统学研究

迷蛱蝶属Mimathyma隶属于蛱蝶科Nymphalidae闪蛱蝶亚科Apaturinae,该属所包含的种类复杂,其分类学地位存在争议.本文对迷蛱蝶属、闪蛱蝶属Apatura和带蛱蝶属Athyma7个种共19个个体的线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因部分序列进行测定分析,并以花斑螯蛱蝶Charaxes kahruba (Moore)作为外群用PAUP软件构建MP和NJ分子系统树.结果显示迷蛱蝶Mimathyma chevana(Moore)、夜迷蛱蝶Mimathyma nycteis(Ménétriès)、白斑迷蛱蝶Mimathyma schrenckii (Ménétriès)和环带迷蛱蝶Mimathyma ambica Kollar形成1个聚类簇,支持Moore将这4个种由闪蛱蝶属移出并建立迷蛱蝶属的观点.同时,尽管迷蛱蝶在形态上与该属其余3种相似,但研究发现聚类簇Ⅰ中夜迷蛱蝶、白斑迷蛱蝶和环带迷蛱蝶首先相聚,然后再与迷蛱蝶聚在一起,表明迷蛱蝶与这3种亲缘关系较远.此外,本文的研究结果还显示迷蛱蝶属与闪蛱蝶属关系密切,而与带蛱蝶属的关系较远.     

中国粉眼蝶属分类研究（鳞翅目：蛱蝶科：眼蝶亚科）

系统整理分布在中国的粉眼蝶属Callarge Leech,[1892]种类,已知1种4亚种,其中含1中国新纪录亚种Callarge occidentalis fansipana Monastyrskii,2005;通过外部形态和雄性生殖器特征研究,提出将其作为Callargesagitta fansipana Monastyrskii,stat.nov.阐述各亚种的主要特征及地理分布,并附有各亚种雄性外生殖器特征图和成虫照片.     

紫蛱蝶属第三种的记述(鳞翅目:蛱蝶科)(英文)

紫蛱蝶属Sasakia Moore全世界已记载的只2种。大紫蛱蝶S.charonda charonda Hewitson是日本的国蝶,极为珍贵。中国有朝鲜亚种S.charonda coreana Leech及台湾亚种S.charonda formosanaShirozu,而黑紫蛱蝶S.funebris Leech,更为稀罕。最近作者在四川发现本属的第三个不同型,经鉴定为一新种,定名为最美紫蛱蝶S.pulcherrima。 本种与2已知种的关系怎样?是每一个见到标本的同道都感兴趣的问题,为此作了特征对比。 本种翅基部正面的蓝紫闪光与反面的斑纹、及后翅红色臀斑、近似S.charonda;但前翅基部正面无白斑,则与之迥然不同。前后翅端部正反面的每个翅室都有细白纹,近似S.funebra的特征;但翅的反面基部没有红斑则只又与之不同。前后翅的外横荫影与亚缘线及后翅基部的色斑则为其种的独有特征。 从雄外生殖器看,本种的背兜背缘弧形,与钩突之间没有缩缢,不同于其余两种。抱器茄形,而不如funebris呈方菱形;背缘隆起比charonda较阔,腹缘圆弧形,不如charonda平直;囊突比前2种都长。 从其体翅各部分来看,左右对称发育正常,没有畸形之处。已知2种在自然界中数量均不大,发生期前后不太一致,自然杂交的可能性不大。因之作者认为是本属的第三个独立的种。 正模1,四川青城山,1992年6月30日,李海滨采,存西北农业大学昆     

基于线粒体Cyt b基因的线蛱蝶亚科的系统发育

基于线粒体Cytb基因部分序列,以波蛱蝶为外群,采用邻接法、最大简约法和贝叶斯法分别构建了中国线蛱蝶亚科10属25种蝶类的系统发育树,探讨了各主要类群间的系统发育关系。其结果表明,所有线蛱蝶亚科聚为两大枝:第一枝包括环蛱蝶属、菲蛱蝶属、蟠蛱蝶属和缕蛱蝶属,其中缕蛱蝶属与环蛱蝶族亲缘关系较近;第二枝包括丽蛱蝶属、穆蛱蝶属、线蛱蝶属、带蛱蝶属、律蛱蝶属和翠蛱蝶属,其中线蛱蝶属为非单系群,翠蛱蝶属和律蛱蝶属则为单系发生,并构成姐妹群。     

中国尾蛱蝶属分类研究并记一新种(鳞翅目,蛱蝶科)

记述我国蛱蝶科Nymphalidae尾蛱蝶属Polyura 1新种,异纹尾蛱蝶Polyura mutata sp.nov..给出该属10个中国种检索表.模式标本保存在西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆标本室.     

利用线粒体COII基因序列对中国尾蛱蝶属系统分化的研究(鳞翅目:蛱蝶科)

利用线粒体C0II基因序列分析法,研究了我国尾蛱蝶属5种蝴蝶的系统分化.结果表明,在尾蛱蝶属5个种的12个样品中,405 bp长的COII片段有11.4%的位点为多态性位点,大部分的碱基改变是转换.各物种内不同个体间的差异明显小于不同物种间的差异,种内个体间的差异一般为0.5%～1.5%,各物种间的差异绝大多数在4%以上.利用最大似然性法构建的尾蛱蝶属聚类关系图显示,尾蛱蝶属蝴蝶分为两大分支,一支包括大二尾蛱蝶、二尾蛱蝶和忘忧尾蛱蝶,另外一个分支包括窄斑凤尾蛱蝶和黑凤尾蛱蝶聚在一起.在大二尾蛱蝶、二尾蛱蝶和忘忧尾蛱蝶这一分支中,大二尾蛱蝶和忘忧尾蛱蝶的亲缘关系较近,而二尾蛱蝶较远.这些分子系统学的结果均与形态学的结果相一致,是对形态分类的有力支持.     

Systematics of Anopheles lanei Galvão and Amaral, a species of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus Blanchard (Diptera: Culicidae)

Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) lanei Galv?o and Amaral is here redescribed using morphological characteristics of adult, male and female, fourth instar larva and pupa. The larva, pupa, and male genitalia are illustrated. Diagnostic morphological characters of adults, male genitalia, fourth instar larva and pupa are provided to distinguish An. lanei from other species of the Argyritarsis section. Species distribution data are based on the published literature records and bionomics data are based on both literature records and field data.     

Female genitalia are moderately informative for phylogenetic inference and not concerted with male genitalia in Saprininae beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae)

Our study – the first of its kind within Histeridae (Coleoptera) – deals with the female genitalia in the subfamily Saprininae, with respect to their variation and utility for phylogenetic reconstruction. Morphology of female genitalia (chiefly characters of the spermatheca, and variation of the gonocoxites, articulating sclerites and gonostyli) is herein described and depicted. We perform parsimony‐based morphological phylogenetic analyses of Saprininae using combined datasets that comprise somatic, male and female genitalia characters. We assess phylogenetic utility of female genital characters and test for their correlation with male genital characters. We found that female genitalia are generally moderately informative for phylogenetic reconstruction. The somatic and male genitalia characters (on average) possess higher phylogenetic signal; female genitalia provide better support and diagnoses for particular clades (emphasizing their importance for systematics), in which the evolution of female genitalia can be linked to environmental factors imposed by the mode of life. Regardless of the degree of informativeness, structures of female genitalia represent an additional interesting and important source of information for systematics and taxonomy. We did not find any evidence of correlated evolution between male and female genitalia.     

基于雌蚊尾器形态的中国阿蚊属分类研究

【目的】明确阿蚊Armigeres雌蚊尾器在分类鉴定中的价值。【方法】依据在云南长期采集的标本, 观察了我国阿蚊属Armigeres正式记录的16种雌蚊尾器构造, 对雌蚊尾器的形态进行了系统描述和分类研究。【结果】编制两个亚属和16种阿蚊的雌蚊尾器分类检索表。【结论】每一种雌蚊尾器与雄蚊尾器一样, 都具有种的固定的特征, 是种的重要分类依据。     

Genitalic heterogeneity in Cornutiplusia circumflexa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Plusiinae)

Abstract. Remarkable morphological variation in the male and female genitalia of the plusiine noctuid moth Cornutiplusia circumflexa L. is described. The geographical distribution of this variation is discussed and it is concluded that, given the gaps in the known distribution of the species, it would be unwise to recognize the five forms as formal subspecies.     

Systematic studies on Anopheles galvaoi Causey,Deane & Deane from the subgenus Nysssorhynchus blanchard (Diptera: Culicidae)

Anopheles galvaoi, a member of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus, is redescribed based on morphological characters of the adults male and female, fourth-instar larva and pupa. Female, male genitalia, larval and pupal stages are illustrated. Data about medical importance, bionomics, and distribution are given based on literature records. Adult female of An. galvaoi can be easily misidentified as An. benarrochi Gabald n and An. aquasalis Curry. A few characters are indicated for identifying female and immatures of An. galvaoi. Phylogenetic relationships among An. galvaoi and six other species of the Oswaldoi Subgroup are estimated using COII mtDNA and ITS2 rDNA gene sequences. Lectotype of An. galvaoi, an adult female from Rio Branco, State of Acre, is invalidated.     

Unlocking the "Black box": internal female genitalia in Sepsidae (Diptera) evolve fast and are species-specific

Background  

The species-specificity of male genitalia has been well documented in many insect groups and sexual selection has been proposed as the evolutionary force driving the often rapid, morphological divergence. The internal female genitalia, in sharp contrast, remain poorly studied. Here, we present the first comparative study of the internal reproductive system of Sepsidae. We test the species-specificity of the female genitalia by comparing recently diverged sister taxa. We also compare the rate of change in female morphological characters with the rate of fast-evolving, molecular and behavioral characters.     

锯天牛亚科雌性生殖器比较形态学研究(鞘翅目,天牛科)

比较研究了锯天牛亚科4族10属20种(亚种)的雌性生殖器特征。研究结果表明:雌性生殖器特征在锯天牛亚科族级、属级和种级均具有分类学意义。此研究对传统外部形态分类特征进行了补充。     

河北省张家口地区苍耳蠹虫的识别

本文通过对苍耳蠹虫的形态分类特征观察,特别是雄蛾外生殖器爪形突、抱器腹刺、雌蛾第八腹节背板的特征,鉴定河北省张家口地区的苍耳蠹虫为远东苍耳螟。     

Hierarchical comparative analysis of genetic and genitalic geographical structure: testing patterns of male and female genital evolution in the scarab beetle Phyllophaga hirticula (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

It is generally accepted that genitalia are among the fastest evolving characters in insects and that selection on these structures may increase speciation rates in groups with polygamous mating systems. If selection is causing genitalic divergence between or among populations of a species, one prediction is that geographical structure of genitalic morphology would be in place before genetic structure of a rapidly evolving neutral marker. The current study tests this hypothesis in the geographically widespread scarab beetle Phyllophaga hirticula by evaluating whether standing variation in male and female genitalia is more or less geographically structured than a mitochondrial genetic marker. Geographical structure of mitochondrial (mt)DNA and male and female genitalic shape were analysed using analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of variance, Mantel tests, and tests of spatial autocorrelation. The results show that, although female genitalia are more geographically structured than mtDNA, male genitalia are not. This pattern suggests that selection on female genitalic variation may be causing divergence of these structures among populations.  © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2009, 96 , 135–149.