盾圆双眉虫与伪寡毛双眉虫的形态学重描述(原生动物,纤毛门)

研究对采自青岛沿海的两种海洋纤毛虫-盾圆双眉虫与伪寡毛双眉虫做了形态学重描述。盾圆双眉虫与前人所报道的种群具有十分相似的纤毛图式,但在额-腹棘毛分布、大核片段、小膜及背触毛数目等方面表现出细微的变异性。此外,该青岛种群个体较小。统计学比较还表明,迄今缺乏研究的一海洋种,泥生双眉虫极可能为盾圆双眉虫(Diophrys scutum)的同物异名。伪寡毛双眉虫(Diophrys apoligothrix)为一新近报道的罕见种,研究基于新采集种群对其进行了补充性观察和描述。       

家蚕微粒子病原虫(Nosema bombycis)小亚基核糖体RNA全基因的克隆及其二级结构的构建

在用PCR技术扩增、克隆、测序了家蚕微粒子病原虫Nosema bombycis (镇江株)小亚基核糖体RNA基因核心序列(5'-端起1 200 bp)的基础上,用SSP-PCR技术克隆了核心序列3'-端下游序列,从而获得了家蚕微粒子病原虫小亚基核糖体RNA基因的全序列共1 233 bp。 用RnaViz 、Forcon、DCSE等生物软件构建了家蚕微粒子病原虫小亚基核糖体RNA的二级结构,与其它微孢子虫及真核生物小亚基核糖体RNA的二级结构相比,该二级结构缺乏螺旋10、E10-1、11、18、E23-n和43。     

尼氏单极虫(粘体门,双壳目)重描述及基于18S rDNA系统地位分析

采用常规细胞学方法与18S rDNA序列比较的方法,对采自于重庆市嘉陵江段的粘孢子虫,尼氏单极虫Thelohanellus nikolskii进行了形态学和分子生物学的研究,此为首次在我国长江流域检获尼氏单极虫。本文在补充了尼氏单极虫中国种群18S rDNA序列信息的分析、比较基础上,探讨了该虫与相邻种属的系统关系,佐证了其分类学位置。     

拟伍氏游仆虫(原生动物,纤毛门,游仆目)的重描述

利用活体观察和银染技术,对采自广东省惠阳大亚湾沿岸的一种罕见海洋游仆类纤毛虫拟伍氏游仆虫Euplotes parawoodruffi进行了再研究,补充了有关活体形态学、性状变异以及分类学特征的统计学资料等。中国新纪录种拟伍氏游仆虫大亚湾种群与原报道种群存在细微差异,其主要特征为:口围带小膜数为60~70;体纤毛器数目及排布模式十分稳定:额腹棘毛9根,横棘毛5根,尾棘毛2根,左缘棘毛2根;背触毛恒为9列;大核近T形,形状多变。     

利用核糖体DNA限制性酶切谱(ARDRA)分子技术和小亚基单位核糖体RNA(SSrRNA)基因序列分析对五种双眉虫(原生动物,纤毛门,游仆目)种内及种间关系的探讨

从12种限制性内切酶中筛选出6种可获得种间多样性的内切酶:Alu Ⅰ,Taq Ⅰ,Hae Ⅲ,Hinf Ⅰ,Msp Ⅰ,Xba Ⅰ,对广义双眉虫Diophrys-complex5个种(伪寡毛双眉虫Diophrys apoligothrix、悬游双眉虫D.appendiculata、盾圆双眉虫D.scutum、秀丽拟双眉虫Paradiophrys irmgard、针毛类双眉虫Diophryopsis hystrix)共7个种群的核糖体基因(18S小亚基、部分23S大亚基及其内转录间隔区域)进行多位点酶切。结果显示,种间差异明显大于种内差异。利用RAPDistance1.04软件构建的邻接树表明,盾圆双眉虫的3个种群表现出高度的同源性;3个近缘属(双眉虫属、拟双眉虫属、类双眉虫属)可以被明确区分,并支持类双眉虫属与拟双眉虫属的独立性。从GenBank/EMBL数据库中获得广义双眉虫及相近种的小亚基单位核糖体RNA(SSrRNA)基因序列,利用邻接法(NJ),贝叶斯法(Bayesian)和最大简约法(MP)构建的系统发生树具有基本一致的拓扑结构,结果显示:狭义双眉虫属Diophrys为单源发生系,并与类双眉虫属Diophryopsis组成姐妹群;尽管拟双眉虫属Paradiophrys具有广义双眉虫典型的形态学特征,但与尾刺虫属Uronychia有着较近的亲缘关系。本工作同时表明,核糖体DNA限制性酶切(ARDRA)技术可靠地区分纤毛虫的形态相似种,并在双眉虫属间水平的系统关系推定中存在一定的适用性。     

以子囊菌部分类群的rRNA数据为例,评估不同分区策略对贝叶斯分析效果的影响(英文)

在使用rRNA基因进行系统发育分析过程中,不同位点间进化速度的差异性可能是导致系统误差的一个重要原因。以52个真菌为研究对象,利用rRNA二级结构特征构建分区策略,探讨不同分区策略对贝叶斯分析的影响。结果显示各结构分区的最优核酸替代模型及其参数与分区类型密切相关。与传统的贝叶斯方法相比,使用结构环的分区策略对结果没有显著影响,而引入臂元素的方法却导致更高的边际似然值和支持率。此外,不考虑结构特征,简单的增加子分区数量的分区策略尽管也能导致贝叶斯因素值的增加,却没有提高解决亲缘关系的能力,说明一个合理的分区策略应该基于生物学功能(或二级结构特征)而非纯数学因素。     

黄颡单尾虫(粘体门,双壳目)的重描述及基于28S rDNA和ITS-5.8S序列的系统地位分析

采用形态分类学方法与以28S rDNA和ITS-5.8S序列为基础的分子系统学研究方法,对采自嘉陵江重庆市磁器口江段的黄颡单尾虫Unicauda pelteobagrusMa,1998进行了形态学和分子生物学的研究。基于28S rDNA数据探讨了黄颡单尾虫以及单尾虫属与相邻种属粘孢子虫间的系统地位;基于5.8S rDNA数据比较分析了粘孢子虫的系统地位。补充了黄颡单尾虫重庆种群形态学信息和28S rDNA、ITS-5.8S rDNA序列的分子信息。     

中国等翅目的分类——Ⅰ.盖(尉虫)属(新属)及其二新种与三新亚种的描述和记录(犀(尉虫)科,异(尉虫)亚科)

本文发表了犀螱科Rhinotermitidae异螱亚科Heterotermitinae的一个新属,并记述了所属2个新种及其中1个新种所包括的3个新亚种: 盖螱属Operculitermes新属 中华盖螱Operculitermes sinensis新种 中华亚种 Operculitermes sinensis sinensis新亚种 阔颏亚种 Operculitermes sinensis latipedunculus新亚种 倾头亚种 Operculitermes sinensis inclinatus新亚种 侏儒盖螱 Operculitermes minutus新种最后对异螱亚科属间及盖螱属种间的系统演化,进行了讨论。     

裴氏金线鱼的重新描述及其与近似种横斑金线鱼的形态学比较(英文)

裴氏金线鱼和横斑金线鱼是金线鱼属中 2 种重要的经济鱼类,广泛分布于我国的东南沿海及印度太平洋海域。由于这 2 种金线鱼外部形态十分相似,导致其分类鉴定非常困难。尽管过去有些学者曾经对它们分别进行过形态描述,但是目前文献中仍存在许多同物异名及鉴定错误,特别是在中国这 2 种鱼类的命名和鉴定始终未能形成统一的共识。本文对裴氏金线鱼和横斑金线鱼进行了形态学比较研究,发现裴氏金线鱼和横斑金线鱼在体型、体色、背鳍及鳃弓的形状等特征上存在明显差异。金线鱼属是我国重要的渔业种类,研究它们的形态分类学特征并进行准确的物种鉴定,对该属鱼类单一种类的资源评估和资源保护具有重要意义。     

中国哈蛃属(石蛃目,石蛃科)一新种及赫氏哈蛃重新描述(英文)

记述采自江苏南京栖霞山哈蛃属1新种栖霞哈蛃,即Haslundichilis qixiaensis sp.nov.,并重新描述了采自甘肃天水麦积山的赫氏哈蛃。     

拟天鹅漫游虫(新种)的形态学研究(纤毛动物门,侧口目)

自青岛近郊真鲷培育池中分离出一大型侧口目纤毛虫,经鉴定为一新种,定名为拟天鹅漫游虫。本种特征为体呈长梭形,颈部具高度伸展性,两大核一小核,左侧体区具６条不明显的纵沟;体纤毛左侧８—９列,右侧１２—１３列。对其的杀灭试验表明,在快速地掺入半数量以上的淡水后即会造成虫体溃解死亡。     

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY AND REVISION OF THE GENUS NETRIUM (ZYGNEMATOPHYCEAE,STREPTOPHYTA): NUCLEOTAENIUM GEN. NOV.1

Nuclear‐encoded SSU rDNA, chloroplast LSU rDNA, and rbcL genes were sequenced from 53 strains of conjugating green algae (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta) and used to analyze phylogenetic relationships in the traditional order Zygnematales. Analyses of a concatenated data set (5,220 nt) established 12 well‐supported clades in the order; seven of these constituted a superclade, termed “Zygnemataceae.” Together with genera (Zygnema, Mougeotia) traditionally placed in the family Zygnemataceae, the “Zygnemataceae” also included representatives of the genera Cylindrocystis and Mesotaenium, traditionally placed in the family Mesotaeniaceae. A synapomorphic amino acid replacement (codon 192, cysteine replaced by valine) in the LSU of RUBISCO characterized this superclade. The traditional genera Netrium, Cylindrocystis, and Mesotaenium were shown to be para‐ or polyphyletic, highlighting the inadequacy of phenotypic traits used to define these genera. Species of the traditional genus Netrium were resolved as three well‐supported clades each distinct in the number of chloroplasts per cell, their surface morphology (structure and arrangement of lamellae) and the position of the nucleus or nuclear behavior during cell division. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and synapomorphic phenotypic traits, the genus Netrium has been revised, and a new genus, Nucleotaenium gen. nov., was established. The genus Planotaenium, also formerly a part of Netrium, was identified as the sister group of the derived Roya/Desmidiales clade and thus occupies a key position in the evolutionary radiation leading to the most species‐rich group of streptophyte green algae.     

盘菌纲一新属——新齿裂菌属

在安徽省黄山杜鹃［Ｒｈｏｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｍａｃｕｌｉｆｅｒｕｍ　Ｆｒａｎｃｈ．ｓｓｐ．ａｎｈｗｅｉｅｎｓｅ（Ｗｉｌｓ．）Ｃｈａｍｂ.］上发现盘菌纲一新属──新齿裂菌属（ＮｅｏｃｏｃｃｏｍｙｃｅｓＹ．RＬｉｎ,Ｃ．Ｔ．Ｘｉａｎｇ＆Ｚ．Ｚ．Ｌｉ）。对该属及其模式种──杜鹃新齿裂茵（ＮｒｈｏｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｉＹ．ＲＬｉｎ,Ｃ．Ｔ．Ｘｉａｎｇ＆Ｚ．Ｚ　Ｌｉ）进行了描述和讨论。主模式标本存放在安徽农业大学森林保护教研室（ＡＡＵＦＰ）．     

盘菌纲一新属──新齿裂菌属

在安徽省黄山杜鹃［Ｒｈｏｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｍａｃｕｌｉｆｅｒｕｍ　Ｆｒａｎｃｈ．ｓｓｐ．ａｎｈｗｅｉｅｎｓｅ（Ｗｉｌｓ．）Ｃｈａｍｂ.］上发现盘菌纲一新属──新齿裂菌属（ＮｅｏｃｏｃｃｏｍｙｃｅｓＹ．RＬｉｎ,Ｃ．Ｔ．Ｘｉａｎｇ＆Ｚ．Ｚ．Ｌｉ）。对该属及其模式种──杜鹃新齿裂茵（ＮｒｈｏｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｉＹ．ＲＬｉｎ,Ｃ．Ｔ．Ｘｉａｎｇ＆Ｚ．Ｚ　Ｌｉ）进行了描述和讨论。主模式标本存放在安徽农业大学森林保护教研室（ＡＡＵＦＰ）．     

中国黄海与中国东海管咽线虫属(线虫动物门)一新种与一新纪录

描述了中国黄海自由生活海洋线虫1新种Siphonolaimus boucheri sp.nov.,S.boucheri sp.nov.的主要特征是:口针短(21～23μm),头直径为10～11μm,圆形化感器直径为13μm,与相应体直径的比例为59%;短交接刺(61～65μm,为肛径的1.33倍),无交接辅器;尾巴圆锥形,雄性尾巴为肛径的3.57倍,雌性尾巴为肛径的4.58倍。同时,描述了中国东海管咽线虫科的1新纪录,Siphonolaimus profundus。模式标本存放于中国海洋大学生命学院。     

中国地谷蛾亚科一新属三新种(鳞翅目,谷蛾科)

记述我国地谷蛾亚科Meessiinae 1新属:骨斑地谷蛾属Maculiscleritica gen.nov.,及3新种:三角骨斑地谷蛾M.triangulidens sp.nov.,弯刺骨斑地谷蛾M.curvispinea sp.nov.和截齿骨斑地谷蛾M.truncatidens sp.nov,.提供新种成虫外形、翅脉和雌雄外生殖器特征图及分类检索表.模式标本保存在南开大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室.     

MORPHOLOGY AND MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF ANKISTRODINIUM GEN. NOV. (DINOPHYCEAE), A NEW GENUS OF MARINE SAND‐DWELLING DINOFLAGELLATES FORMERLY CLASSIFIED WITHIN AMPHIDINIUM1

The classical athecate dinoflagellate genera (Amphidinium, Gymnodinium, Gyrodinium) have long been recognized to be polyphyletic. Amphidinium sensu lato is the most diverse of all marine benthic dinoflagellate genera; however, following the redefinition of this genus ～100 species remain now of uncertain or unknown generic affiliation. In an effort to improve our taxonomic and phylogenetic understanding of one of these species, namely Amphidinium semilunatum, we re‐investigated organisms from several distant sites around the world using light and scanning electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic methods. Our results enabled us to describe this species within a new heterotrophic genus, Ankistrodinium. Cells of A. semilunatum were strongly laterally flattened, rounded‐quadrangular to oval in lateral view, and possessed a small asymmetrical epicone. The sulcus was wide and characteristically deeply incised on the hypocone running around the antapex and reaching the dorsal side. The straight acrobase with hook‐shaped end started at the sulcal extension and continued onto the epicone. The molecular phylogenetic results clearly showed that A. semilunatum is a distinct taxon and is only distantly related to species within the genus Amphidinium sensu stricto. The nearest sister group to Ankistrodinium could not be reliably determined.     

尖毛虫属一新种,史氏尖毛虫的形态学研究(纤毛动物门:腹毛目:尖毛虫科)

本文报道来自黑龙江省帽儿山地区的尖毛虫科一新种,史氏尖毛虫Oxyrichashiisp．nov,对其形态,纤毛器,纤毛图式及相近种的异同做了比较研究。结果表明：新种具该科及属的典型特征,体柔软可曲,具球形成纵列并聚集成“簇状”的表膜下颗粒;口旁小膜带由（51．7±2．1）片小膜组成;额、腹、横、尾棘毛恒为8：5：5：3结构;背触毛8～9列。3根尾棘毛可自基部摆动。     

MORPHOLOGY AND MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF AUREOPHYCUS ALEUTICUS GEN. ET SP. NOV. (LAMINARIALES,PHAEOPHYCEAE) FROM THE ALEUTIAN ISLANDS1

A previously unknown species of kelp was collected on Kagamil Island, Aleutian Islands. The species can be easily distinguished from any known laminarialean alga: the erect sporophytic thallus is composed of a thin lanceolate blade attaining ～2 m in height and ～0.50 m in width, without midrib, and the edge of the blade at the transition zone is thickened to form a V‐shape; the stipe is solid and flattened, slightly translucent, attaining ～1 m in length; the holdfast is semidiscoidal and up to 0.15 m in diameter. Anatomically, the blade has the typical trumpet‐shaped hyphae characteristic of the Chordaceae and derived foliose laminarialean species (i.e., Alariaceae/Laminariaceae/Lessoniaceae). No hair pits or mucilaginous structures were observed on the blade or stipe. No fertile sporophytes were collected, but abundant juvenile sporophytes were observed in the field. In the molecular phylogenetic analyses using chloroplast rbcL gene, nuclear ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 rDNA, and mitochondria nad6 DNA sequences, the new species (Aureophycus aleuticus gen. et sp. nov.) showed a closer relationship with Alariaceae of conventional taxonomy, or the “Group 1” clade of Lane et al. (2006) including Alaria and related taxa than with other groups, although the species was not clearly included in the group. Aureophycus may be a key species in elucidating the evolution of the Alariaceae within the Laminariales. Because of the lack of information on reproductive organs and insufficient resolution of the molecular analyses, we refrain from assigning the new species to a family, but we place the new species in a new genus in the Laminariales.     

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY AND TAXONOMY OF THE AEGAGROPILA CLADE (CLADOPHORALES,ULVOPHYCEAE), INCLUDING THE DESCRIPTION OF AEGAGROPILOPSIS GEN. NOV. AND PSEUDOCLADOPHORA GEN. NOV.1

The Aegagropila clade represents a unique group of cladophoralean green algae occurring mainly in brackish and freshwater environments. The clade is sister to the species‐rich and primarily marine Cladophora and Siphonocladus lineages. Phylogenetic analyses of partial LSU and SSU nrDNA sequences reveal four main lineages within the Aegagropila clade, and allow a taxonomic reassessment. One lineage consists of two marine ‘Cladophora’ species, for which the new genus Pseudocladophora and the new family Pseudocladophoraceae are proposed. For the other lineages, the family name Pithophoraceae is reinstated. Within the Pithophoraceae, the earliest diverging lineage includes Wittrockiella and Cladophorella calcicola, occurring mainly in brackish and subaerial habitats. The two other lineages are restricted to freshwater. One of them shows a strong tendency for epizoism, and consists of Basicladia species and Arnoldiella conchophila. The other lineage includes Aegagropila, Pithophora and a small number of tropical ‘Cladophora’ species. The latter are transferred to the new genus Aegagropilopsis. Previously, polypyramidal pyrenoids had been suggested to be apomorphous for this clade, but we report the finding of both polypyramidal and bilenticular pyrenoids in members of the Pithophoraceae, and thus show that this character has no diagnostic value.