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1.
Erin Henry Luca Santini Mark A. J. Huijbregts Ana Benítez-López 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2023,32(2):267-280
Aim
Whether intraspecific spatial patterns in body size are generalizable across species remains contentious, as well as the mechanisms underlying these patterns. Here we test several hypotheses explaining within-species body size variation in terrestrial vertebrates including the heat balance, seasonality, resource availability and water conservation hypotheses for ectotherms, and the heat conservation, heat dissipation, starvation resistance and resource availability hypotheses for endotherms.Location
Global.Time period
1970–2016.Major taxa studied
Amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.Methods
We collected 235,905 body size records for 2,229 species (amphibians = 36; reptiles = 81; birds = 1,545; mammals = 567) and performed a phylogenetic meta-analysis of intraspecific correlations between body size and environmental variables. We further tested whether correlations differ between migratory and non-migratory bird and mammal species, and between thermoregulating and thermoconforming ectotherms.Results
For bird species, smaller intraspecific body size was associated with higher mean and maximum temperatures and lower resource seasonality. Size–environment relationships followed a similar pattern in resident and migratory birds, but the effect of resource availability on body size was slightly positive only for non-migratory birds. For mammals, we found that intraspecific body size was smaller with lower resource availability and seasonality, with this pattern being more evident in sedentary than migratory species. No clear size–environment relationships were found for reptiles and amphibians.Main conclusions
Within-species body size variation across endotherms is explained by disparate underlying mechanisms for birds and mammals. Heat conservation (Bergmann's rule) and heat dissipation are the dominant processes explaining biogeographic intraspecific body size variation in birds, whereas in mammals, body size clines are mostly explained by the starvation resistance and resource availability hypotheses. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms behind species adaptations to the environment across their geographic distributions. 相似文献2.
Background
Trade-offs between anti-parasite defence mechanisms and other life history traits limit the evolution of host resistance to parasites and have important implications for understanding diseases such as malaria. Mosquitoes have not evolved complete resistance to malaria parasites and one hypothesis is that anti-malaria defence mechanisms are costly. 相似文献3.
Background
The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger is an exceptionally efficient producer of organic acids, which is one of the reasons for its relevance to industrial processes and commercial importance. While it is known that the mechanisms regulating this production are tied to the levels of ambient pH, the reasons and mechanisms for this are poorly understood. 相似文献4.
Cortical beta EEG oscillations related to changes in muscle tone activity during sleep in spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi)
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Manuel Alejandro Cruz‐Aguilar Miguel Angel Guevara Marisela Hernández‐González Ignacio Ramírez‐Salado Enrique Hernández‐Arteaga Fructuoso Ayala‐Guerrero 《Journal of medical primatology》2018,47(1):67-74
Background
The physiological mechanisms that allow for sleeping in a vertical position, which is primordial for arboreal primates, have not been studied yet.Methods
A non‐invasive polysomnographic study of 6 spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) was conducted. The relative beta power of the motor cortex and its linear relation with muscle tone in the facial mentalis muscle and the abductor caudae medialis muscle of the tail during wakefulness and sleep stages were calculated.Results
A strong negative linear relationship (r = ?.8, P = .03) was found between the relative power of the beta2 band in the left motor cortex and abductor caudae medialis muscle tone during delta sleep.Conclusions
The left motor cortex, through beta2 band activity, interacts with abductor caudae medialis muscle tonicity during delta sleep. This interaction takes part in the mechanisms that regulate the sleep postures. 相似文献5.
Changhui Yan Michael Terribilini Feihong Wu Robert L Jernigan Drena Dobbs Vasant Honavar 《BMC bioinformatics》2006,7(1):262
Background
Understanding the molecular details of protein-DNA interactions is critical for deciphering the mechanisms of gene regulation. We present a machine learning approach for the identification of amino acid residues involved in protein-DNA interactions. 相似文献6.
Zdenka Gasparova Pavol Janega Nada Pronayova Tibor Liptaj 《Central European Journal of Biology》2012,7(5):810-816
Background
Studies of the middle-aged hippocampus may clarify the early mechanisms of aging and may lead to timely initiation of treatment for age-related cognitive impairments. 相似文献7.
Background
Fatigue is a crucial sensation that triggers rest, yet its underlying neuronal mechanisms remain unclear. Intense long-term fatigue is a symptom of chronic fatigue syndrome, which is used as a model to study the mechanisms underlying fatigue. 相似文献8.
Subburaj Kannan 《Theoretical biology & medical modelling》2006,3(1):22-16
Background
Despite great advances in clinical oncology, the molecular mechanisms underlying the failure of chemotherapeutic intervention in treating lymphoproliferative and related disorders are not well understood. 相似文献9.
Li Tang Yu Zhang Hong Pan Qiong Luo Xiao-Ming Zhu Min-Yue Dong Peter CK Leung Jian-Zhong Sheng He-Feng Huang 《Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E》2009,7(1):144-8
Background
Progesterone plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of human endometrial cells (hECs). Large-dose treatment with progesterone has been used for treatment of endometrial proliferative disorders. However, the mechanisms behind remain unknown. 相似文献10.
Jia-Lin Wang Xiao-Juan Jiang Qian Wang Li-Jing Hou Da-Wei Xu Jin-Xing Wang Xiao-Fan Zhao 《BMC developmental biology》2007,7(1):76
Background
The midgut undergoes histolysis and remodeling during the larval to adult transition in holometabolous insects, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not well understood. 相似文献11.
Background and Purpose
Studies by molecular biologists and geneticists have shown that tumors of human colon cancer are developed from colon stem cells through two mechanisms: The chromosomal instability and the micro-satellite instability. The purpose of this paper is therefore to develop a new stochastic and state space model for carcinogenesis of human colon cancer incorporating these biological mechanisms. 相似文献12.
Czystowska M Szczepanski MJ Szajnik M Quadrini K Brandwein H Hadden JW Whiteside TL 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》2011,60(4):495-506
Objectives
IRX-2 is a novel immunotherapeutic containing physiologic quantities of several cytokines which protects human T lymphocytes from tumor-induced or drug-induced apoptosis. Here, we investigate the mechanisms responsible for IRX-2-mediated protection of T lymphocytes exposed to tumor-derived microvesicles (TMV). 相似文献13.
Sonya Urnowey Toshihiro Ansai Vira Bitko Koji Nakayama Tadamichi Takehara Sailen Barik 《BMC microbiology》2006,6(1):26
Background
Porphyromonas gingivalis is the foremost oral pathogen of adult periodontitis in humans. However, the mechanisms of bacterial invasion and the resultant destruction of the gingival tissue remain largely undefined. 相似文献14.
15.
Marie Hronik-Tupaj William L Rice Mark Cronin-Golomb David L Kaplan Irene Georgakoudi 《Biomedical engineering online》2011,10(1):9
Background
Electric fields are integral to many biological events, from maintaining cellular homeostasis to embryonic development to healing. The application of electric fields offers substantial therapeutic potential, while optimal dosing regimens and the underlying mechanisms responsible for the positive clinical impact are poorly understood. 相似文献16.
Ingeborg Bosma Jaap C Reijneveld Martin Klein Linda Douw Bob W van Dijk Jan J Heimans Cornelis J Stam 《Nonlinear biomedical physics》2009,3(1):9-11
Background
To understand neurophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in low-grade glioma (LGG) patients by evaluating the spatial structure of 'resting-state' brain networks with graph theory. 相似文献17.
Background
Planarian flatworms can regenerate their head, including a functional brain, within less than a week. Despite the enormous potential of these animals for medical research and regenerative medicine, the mechanisms of regeneration and the molecules involved remain largely unknown. 相似文献18.
Background
The physico-chemical properties of chlorophylls b and c have been known for decades. Yet the mechanisms by which these secondary chlorophylls support assembly and accumulation of light-harvesting complexes in vivo have not been resolved. 相似文献19.
Bálint Csörgő Tamás Fehér Edit Tímár Frederick R Blattner György Pósfai 《Microbial cell factories》2012,11(1):11
Background
Molecular mechanisms generating genetic variation provide the basis for evolution and long-term survival of a population in a changing environment. In stable, laboratory conditions, the variation-generating mechanisms are dispensable, as there is limited need for the cell to adapt to adverse conditions. In fact, newly emerging, evolved features might be undesirable when working on highly refined, precise molecular and synthetic biological tasks. 相似文献20.
Jet Phey Lim Jack TH Wang Markus C Kerr Rohan D Teasdale Paul A Gleeson 《BMC cell biology》2008,9(1):58