非OI群霍乱弧菌血清学分型系统的建立及初步应用

本文报道了非OI群霍乱弧菌血清学分型系统的建立。应用这一分型系统对我国广东、福建及河南三省分离的549株菌进行血清学定型。蓖株可分为55型。其中的优势型为VBO2、,及9。菌型的分布与分离地区有关。并发现有19个菌型是日本及美国分型系统所未包括的新菌型。血清的分型率为83．79％。对患者分离的菌株有较高的分型率。     

辽宁省2006-2012年霍乱弧菌表型特征及分子分型研究

目的分析辽宁地区2006-2012年霍乱弧菌的表型及分子分型特征。方法采用K-B纸片法,对29株霍乱弧菌菌进行10种抗菌药物的药敏试验;以PCR检测霍乱毒素基因(ctx A)、小带联结毒素基因(zot)、辅助霍乱肠毒素基因(ace)、溶血素基因(hly A)、毒素协调菌毛基因(tcp A)、外膜蛋白基因(omp U)和调控蛋白基因(toxR);采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)方法对菌株进行分子分型。结果霍乱弧菌对大部分抗生素敏感。毒力基因检测中,只有2011年水产品来源的菌株含有ctx A基因,水产来源菌株都含有hly A、toxR、omp U;外环境来源菌株均检出hly A、toxR。对29株霍乱弧菌进行PFGE分型(Not I酶切),共分为16个型别,分成4个聚类。结论辽宁省霍乱弧菌随着时间推移表型及分子特征均发生了变化。     

37株非OI群霍乱弧菌血清型分群

从来自人群的76株非Ol群霍乱弧菌中,有37株可用中国药品生物制品检定所霍乱专业实验室研制的B组弧菌O抗原系统(简称VBO系统)免疫的83种血清定型。可定型率为48.68%,分属12个血清型,其中以O2最多(14株)占37.8%;O32居第二位(6株),占16.2%;第三位是O10(5株),占13.5%,其他各型均检出不多。     

霍乱弧菌分型噬菌体VP3蛋白的双向电泳分析

目的:噬菌体-生物分型方案具有区分霍乱弧菌潜在致病力的作用,VP3是5个霍乱弧菌分型噬菌体之一。对VP3成熟颗粒的蛋白组成进行测定和分析,以补充基因组注释信息。方法:在全基因组测序及生物信息学分析的基础上,利用双向电泳技术及质谱鉴定,对纯化的成熟VP3噬菌体的结构蛋白进行分离及鉴定。结果:双向电泳分离得到近20个蛋白点,质谱鉴定出了其中的10个,对应于4个VP3蛋白和4个霍乱弧菌蛋白。结论:VP3结构蛋白的组成和T7具有很高的相似性。与噬菌体颗粒一起被纯化分离的宿主蛋白可能在VP3的转染过程中起作用。     

霍乱弧菌分型噬菌体VP3基因组序列的测定与分析

测定和分析霍乱弧菌分型噬菌体VP3基因组序列,并为ElTor型霍乱弧菌两类菌株的分型方法原理提供研究基础。鸟枪法构建VP3噬菌体全基因组随机文库;测序拼接成最小重叠群,引物步移法填补缝隙序列,拼接后获得VP3全基因组序列。PCR随机扩增噬菌体DNA片段并酶切鉴定;预测可能存在的开放读码框(ORF);对VP3和相关噬菌体的DNA聚合酶基因作进化树分析,协助判定VP3的分类;对预测的部分启动子区利用报道基因进行活性分析。VP3全基因组为环状双链DNA,长度39504bp;酶切鉴定结果与序列一致。确定了49个ORF,注释了27个ORF的编码产物,其中有20个基因产物与T7样噬菌体同源,包括RNA聚合酶(RNAP)、参与DNA复制的蛋白、衣壳蛋白、尾管及尾丝蛋白、DNA包装蛋白等。DNA聚合酶(DNAP)进化树分析表明VP3与T7样噬菌体有同源性。将预测的10个启动子序列克隆到lacZ融合质粒pRS1274上,经检测均具有启动子活性。测定和分析VP3的基因组序列,基因组结构与进化树分析提示VP3属于T7噬菌体家族。     

O1群霍乱弧菌与O139群霍乱弧菌的区别与联系

本文就Ｏ１群霍乱弧菌与Ｏ１３９群霍乱弧菌在抗原构造、分泌肠毒素、耐药性和临床特点等方面作一比较,并认为Ｏ１３９群霍乱弧菌可能是Ｏ１群Ｅｌ Ｔｏｒ生物型的突变株。     

不同来源RNA聚合酶对霍乱弧菌分型噬菌体VP3启动子的作用

目的:研究不同来源的RNA聚合酶对预测的霍乱弧菌分型噬菌体VP3启动子的作用。方法:以含有预测的VP3启动子区的片段取代质粒pRL-null的T7启动子区,以海肾萤光素酶基因Rluc为报告基因,在霍乱弧菌N16961内检测霍乱弧菌RNA聚合酶对克隆的启动子区的作用;将上述重组质粒和表达VP3 RNA聚合酶的质粒共转化大肠杆菌JM109,检测大肠杆菌和VP3的RNA聚合酶对克隆的启动子区的作用。结果:N16961的RNA聚合酶不能识别并作用于启动子P1、P2、P5、P6、P10和P12,JM109的RNA聚合酶可能识别并作用于启动子P7和P11;只有P2、P7、P8、P9、P13、P16和P17在JM109内可以被克隆表达的VP3 RNA聚合酶识别转录。结论:宿主菌N16961与非宿主菌JM109的RNA聚合酶识别转录VP3启动子的能力不同,可能与噬菌体的宿主特异性有关;VP3的RNA聚合酶对大部分有活性的VP3启动子具有直接启动转录作用,但部分启动子可能需要VP3或宿主蛋白的辅助作用才能表现出更强的活性;VP3启动子对VP3 RNA聚合酶的特异性也不同,P1、P2和P12对VP3的RNA聚合酶具有高度特异性,P7和P11的特异性较弱。     

O139霍乱弧菌的研究进展

Ｏ１３９霍乱弧菌是一种新发现的可引起霍乱流行的病原体,该病的流行已引起各国的关注。Ｏ１３９霍乱弧菌的研究对菌苗研制和控制疾病有重要意义。本文综述了最近国外Ｏ１３９霍乱弧菌的生物学特性、免疫反应及其毒素共调菌毛（ｔｃｐ）的研究进展。     

Biophysical characterization of Vitrio El Tor typing phage e5

Abstract Vibrio cholerae typing phage e5, which can lyse only the El Tor strains of V. cholerae , was characterized. The phage had a polyhedral head 51 nm in diameter and a short tail 13 nm in length. It contained 13 structural polypeptides, with the molecular mass of the major component being 50 kDa. Phage chromosome comprised a 38.5-kb linear double-stranded DNA molecule with unique termini, as determined by restriction fragment analysis and electron microscopy, and had a G+C content of 35.5%. A physical map was constructed with the restriction endonucleases Hae II and Hpa II. Adsorption of the phage to its host followed a biphasic kinetics and its intracellular growth was characterized by a latent period of 15 min and a burst size of 100 particles per infected cell. The phage was found to be moderately thermotolerant.     

Analysis of some factors involved in the virulence mechanism of Vibrio cholerae non-01

Abstract A study was carried out to evaluate the potential intestinal toxicity of 188 samples of Vibrio cholerae non-01 isolated from seawater found along the beaches of Rio de Janeiro city. Three different assays were carried out involving: (a) detection of vascular permeability factor (PF) in guinea pigs (together with assessment of two culture media for production of the toxin); (b) intestinal fluid accumulation (FA) in suckling mice; and (c) detection of haemolysin. The results demonstrated that both culture media gave a similar level of performance. In the animal assays, 43% of the samples induced PF in guinea pigs, 28.7% caused intestinal fluid accumulation in suckling mice, and 63.28% contained haemolysin. Only 4.25% of the samples gave positive results in all three tests.     

Vibrio cholerae O139 produces a protease which is indistinguishable from the haemagglutinin/protease of Vibrio cholerae O1 and non-O1

Abstract Haemaglutinin/protease (HA/P) is one of the virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae O1 and pathogenic strains of V. cholerae non-O1. In this study, we examined protease activity of a new serogroup of Vibrio cholerae recently designated as O139 synonym Bengal. The protease activity was produced by all eight isolates of V. cholerae O139 from Bangladeshi patients. Purification and partial characterization of the protease from V. cholerae O139 demonstrated the purified protease (O139-P) was indistinguishable from that previously reported for HA/P of V. cholerae non-O1 (NAG-HA/P) and V. cholerae O1 (Vc-HA/P). These results prove that V. cholerae O139 produces a protease belonging to solHA/P, and suggest that the protease is another virulence factor found in newly emerged V. cholerae O139, as in V. cholerae O1.     

Studies on adhesion, haemagglutination and other biological properties of Vibrio cholerae O139

Abstract The adhesive capabilities of eight Vibrio cholerae O139 epidemic strains to isolated rabbit intestinal epithelial cells (RIEC) were observed to be high similar to those observed with a Vibrio cholerae O1 strain isolated from patients. Toxin production by the strains, measured by accumulation of fluid in rabbit ileal loop model, was high and the toxin was lethal as the animal expired within 6 h. Culture filtrates of the strains exhibited the presence of vascular permeability factor which produce induration and necrosis in the adult rabbit and guinea pig skin. All the strains showed high to moderate haemagglutinin titres against chicken erythrocytes and produced El Tor-like haemolysin. SDS-PAGE of the outer membrane preparation of the strains showed the presence of major protein component at 38 kDa region. The lethality of the toxin, high adhesive activity, shifting of the major outer membrane protein band and production of thermolabile haemolysin on Wagatsuma agar were the major variations of these epidemic strains from V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae non-O1 strains isolated previously.     

Characterization of two forms of hemagglutinin/protease produced by Vibrio cholerae non-O1

Two forms (34 kDa and 32 kDa) of hemagglutinin/protease produced by Vibrio cholerae non-O1 were characterized. The hemagglutinin/protease purified by immunoaffinity column chromatography using a monoclonal antibody was essentially a 34-kDa form. By incubation of the purified 34-kDa form at 37 degrees C, it was processed (autodigested) to the 32-kDa form. The N-terminal 20 amino acid sequences of both the 34- and 32-kDa forms were identical, suggesting that proteolytic processing at the C-terminal region of the 34-kDa hemagglutinin/protease resulted in the 32-kDa form. With this shift, protease activity increased, but hemagglutinating activity decreased, suggesting that the C-terminal region of the hemagglutinin/protease is related to hemagglutinating activity.     

用粘粒载体克隆霍乱弧菌染色体基因方法的建立

本文采用我国 El Tor 型霍乱弧菌805菌株(稻叶血清型,噬菌体-生物型 ld)为实验菌株,对粘粒载体(Cosmid)基因克隆的方法,进行了探索.首先从感染噬菌体λ突变体的溶原菌(HB 2688,HB2690)制备包装抽提物。制备方案有二:一是直接制备 HB2688,HB2690混合包装抽提物;另一是用超声波处理制备 HB2690抽提物;用冻融法制备 HB2688抽提物.包装时再将两者混合.本文认为以 pHC79为载体进行包装时,两方案效果一样,第一方案操作较简便些.在核酸操作中,从805菌株提取染色体 DNA,要求 DNA 的长度约为100kb;进行染色体 DNA部分消解时,应使大部分 DNA 片段在30～40kb 之间;连接时,碱性磷酸酶处理过的载体量应为30～40kb DNA 的10倍.本文以 pHC79为载体,建立805菌株染色体 DNA 无性繁殖系,得到500多个克隆子。     

Maintenance of broad host range vector pKT230 in marine unicellular cyanobacteria

Clinical isolate of Vibrio mimicus were examined for production of cell-associated hemagglutinin (HA) and pili and for adherence to formalin-fixed human intestinal mucosa. V. mimicus grown on CFA agar for 3 h at 37 degrees C possessed HA and adhered better to the mucus layer than to the epithelial cell surface. A significant correlation was found between the HA titers and adherence ability to the epithelial cell surface of villi (P less than 0.05); adherence to the ileal lymphoid follicle-associated epithelium occurred at higher levels. In contrast, V. mimicus grown on CFA agar for 20 h at 37 degrees C exhibited lower levels of HA and reduced adherence ability. The production of pili was more pronounced after 20 h of incubation than after 3 h of incubation. In comparison with V. cholerae 01 and V. cholerae non-01 cultured under similar conditions, V. mimicus showed inferior adherence, but with similar HA production or piliation.     

Cholera toxin gene-positive Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa and Inaba strains produce the new cholera toxin

Abstract Two strains of cholera toxin (CT) gene-positive Vibrio cholerae O1, Ogawa, isolated from patients with diarrhoea and the hypertoxigenic V. cholerae O1, Inaba (569B), were found to produce the new cholera toxin that has earlier been demonstrated to be elaborated by CT gene-negative human and environmental isolates of V. cholerae O1. The CT gene-positive strains produce the new cholera toxin simultaneously with CT, indicating that they contain the gene coding for the new cholera toxin in addition to that of CT.     

Circular dichroism of the O-specific polysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O1 and some related derivatives

The O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP) of Vibrio cholerae O1 is a homopolymer of α-(1 → 2)-linked 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy- -mannopyranose whose amino group is acylated with 3-deoxy- -glycero-tetronic acid [

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. The circular dichroism (CD) of the O-SP as well as of a number of N-acyl (formyl, acetyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 3-deoxy- and -glycero-tetronyl) derivatives of methyl α-glycosides of 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy- -mannopyranose (methyl α- -perosaminide) has been studied for solutions in water, acetonitrile and 1,1,1-trifluoroethanol. The strong solvent dependence of the sign and intensity of the CD observed for the monosaccharide amides bearing achiral acyl groups is explained by solvent-mediated change of the orientation of the amido group relative to the proximal hydroxyl group at C-3. A change in the population of the nonplanar conformers with a pyramidal arrangement of bonds at the amido nitrogen has also been considered. The effect of solvents upon the CD spectra of compounds bearing chiral N-acyl substituents is less pronounced than that of their counterparts bearing achiral N-acyl substituents. The sign of the CD for the O-SP was found negative in all solvents used. This result is in agreement with the negative sign of the CD of the n → π electron transition observed, independent of solvent, for the monosaccharide derivative containing the group, and the positive sign found for its -glycero-counterpart.