共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Xiufang Liu Yunzhi Song Fangyu Xing Ning Wang Fujiang Wen Changxiang Zhu 《Protoplasma》2016,253(5):1265-1281
2.
Maohua Wang Mianxue Liu Dekuan Li Jun Wu Xufeng Li Yi Yang 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,102(2):205-211
The enzyme fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) transforms oleic acid (C18:1) to linoleic acid (C18:2) in plants and as such is
involved in fatty acid synthesis. It is also involved in plant development and self-defense, such as seed germination, leaf
expansion and cold resistance. We have cloned the full coding region of the Brassica napus
FAD2 gene and ectopically expressed it in B. napus expressing low levels of FAD2. Overexpression of FAD2 under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter resulted in an up-regulated FAD2 mRNA level in B. napus as expected. Further analysis revealed that the FAD2 transgenic lines varied greatly in terms of their physiological characteristics, such as enhanced seed germination and increased
hypocotyl length, compared to non-transgenic plants, suggesting that up-regulated FAD2 can promote seed germination and hypocotyl elongation in B. napus. Our results demonstrate the possible roles of FAD2 in plant development and also provide a platform for further analysis of fatty acid synthesis in plants. 相似文献
3.
F. Shokouhifar M. R. Zamani M. Motallebi A. Mousavi M. A. Malboobi 《Biologia Plantarum》2011,55(4):689-695
In this study, we selected two known pathogen-inducible cis-acting elements, F and E17, to construct synthetic pathogen-inducible promoters for analysis in transformed canola (Brassica napus L.). The synthetic promoter approach was used, which involved the insertion of dimers and combining two cis-acting elements (E17 and F) upstream of the minimal CaMV 35S promoter. Canola plants were transformed by three constructs,
pGEE, pGFF, pGFFEE containing synthetic promoters (SP), SP-EE, SP-FF and SP-FFEE, respectively. Analyses of histochemical
and fluorometric GUS expression indicated that synthetic promoters responded to fungal elicitors and phytohormone treatments.
The SP-FF promoter showed high responses against methyl jasmonate and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, while SP-EE demonstrated inducibility only in response to salicylic acid and Rhizoctonia solani. The SP-EE promoter similar to SP-FFEE, did not respond to S. sclerotiorum and methyl jasmonate. However, SP-FFEE was highly induced by R. solani elicitors and showed that the level of GUS expression was greater than that by either of E17 or F elements alone. These three
synthetic promoters did not activate the expression of the reporter gene in response to cold, heat, UV and wounding. 相似文献
4.
5.
Boron (B) deficiency is a worldwide problem, and Brassica napus is one of the most sensitive crops to B deficiency. To better understand the B starvation response of Brassica napus, we conducted a comparative proteomic analysis of seedling stage Brassica napus root between B-sufficient and B-limited conditions: 45 differentially expressed proteins were successfully identified by
2-DE coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS and LTQ-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Among these proteins, 10 were down-regulated and 35 were up-regulated
under B-limited condition. Combining GO and KEGG analyses with data from previous reports, proteins were categorized into
several functional groups, including antioxidant and detoxification, defense-related proteins, signaling and regulation, carbohydrate
and energy metabolism, amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, protein translation and degradation, cell wall structure, and
transporter. The genes of selected proteins were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Our results provide novel information for
better understanding the physiological and biochemical responses to B deficiency in plants. 相似文献
6.
In this report, four Bacillus strains were tested for effects on plant fitness and disease protection of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). The strains belonged to newly discovered plant-associated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and a recently proposed species, Bacillus endophyticus. The fungal pathogens tested represented different infection strategies and included Alternaria brassicae, Botrytis cinerea, Leptosphaeria maculans, and Verticillium longisporum. The B. amyloliquefaciens strains showed no or a weak plant growth promoting activity, whereas the B. endophyticus strain had negative effects on the plant as revealed by phenological analysis. On the other hand, two of the B. amyloliquefaciens strains conferred protection of oilseed rape toward all pathogens tested. In vitro experiments studying the effects of Bacillus exudates on fungal growth showed clear growth inhibition in several but not all cases. The protective effects of Bacillus can therefore, at least in part, be explained by production of antibiotic substances, but other mechanisms must also be involved
probably as a result of intricate plant–bacteria interaction. The protective effects observed for certain Bacillus strains make them highly interesting for further studies as biocontrol agents in Brassica cultivation. 相似文献
7.
J. J. Jiang X. X. Zhao W. Tian T. B. Li Y. P. Wang 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,99(1):91-95
Intertribal somatic hybrids of Brassica napus and Camelina sativa were developed by protoplast electrofusion. Hybrid identity of the regenerants was determined using flow cytometric analysis
of nuclear DNA content and simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker analysis. Three hybrids exhibited specific bands for B. napus and C. sativa. These hybrids showed intermediate leaf, flower and seed morphology compared with the two parental species. The seeds of
these three hybrids had a modified fatty acid profile, indicating higher level of linolenic and eicosanoic acids than those
of B. napus. Our results suggest that somatic hybridization offers opportunities for transferring entire genomes between B. napus and C. sativa in improving rapeseed breeding. 相似文献
8.
Astrid Ratzinger Nadine Riediger Andreas von Tiedemann Petr Karlovsky 《Journal of plant research》2009,122(5):571-579
Salicylic acid (SA) and its glucoside (SAG) were detected in xylem sap of Brassica napus by HPLC–MS. Concentrations of SA and SAG in xylem sap from the root and hypocotyl of the plant, and in extracts of shoots
above the hypocotyl, increased after infection with the vascular pathogen Verticillium longisporum. Both concentrations were correlated with disease severity assessed as the reduction in shoot length. Furthermore, SAG levels
in shoot extracts were correlated with the amount of V. longisporum DNA in the hypocotyls. Although the concentration of SAG (but not SA) in xylem sap of infected plants gradually declined
from 14 to 35 days post infection, SAG levels remained significantly higher than in uninfected plants during the whole experiment.
Jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in xylem sap were not affected by infection with V. longisporum. SA and SAG extend the list of phytohormones potentially transported from root to shoot with the transpiration stream. The
physiological relevance of this transport and its contribution to the distribution of SA in plants remain to be elucidated. 相似文献
9.
In Brassica, the thioredoxinhproteins, THL1 and THL2, were previously found to be potential inhibitors of the S receptor kinase (SRK) in the Brassica self-incompatibilty response. To investigate the biological roles of THL1 and THL2 in pollen–pistil interactions, the stigma-specific SLR1 promoter was used to drive antisense THL1/2 expression in Brassica napus cv. Westar. This cultivar is normally compatible, but antisense suppression of THL1/2 led to a low level constitutive rejection of all Brassica napus pollen tested. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that the pollen rejection was a typical Brassica self-incompatibility rejection response with reduced pollen adhesion, germination and pollen tube growth. In addition, Westar was found to express the SLG15 and SRK15 proteins which may be the target of regulation by THL1 and THL2. Thus, these results indicate that the THL1 and THL2 are required for full pollen acceptance in B. napus cv. Westar. 相似文献
10.
Hongbo Liu Xiang Guo Muhammad S. Naeem Dan Liu Ling Xu Wenfang Zhang Guixiang Tang Weijun Zhou 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,106(1):143-151
Plant diseases and insect pests are serious threat to the growth and yield of oilseed rape. In this study, a binary vector
carrying sporamin and chitinase
PjChi-1 genes in tandem was introduced into Brassica napus cv. ZS 758 via Agrobacterium tumefaciens for dual resistance against disease and insect attack. Thirty-two regenerated plantlets exhibiting hygromycin resistance
were selected following Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of 600 leaf petiole explants. Of these, 27 transformants were confirmed to carry the two transgenes
as detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 4.5% transformation efficiency. Eight plantlets were randomly selected
for further confirmation by Southern and northern blot hybridization analyses. Four plants carried single copy of the transgenes,
while the remaining four plants carried either two or three copies of the transgenes. Moreover, expression of the sporamin transgene was detected by northern blot hybridization in transgenic lines, but not in wild-type plants. These eight T0 plants were grown in vitro, and inoculated with the Lepidoptera larvae of Plutella xylostella and with spores of the fungal pathogen of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Transgenic plants exhibited high levels of resistance to P. xylostella and S. sclerotiorum when compared to untransformed wild-type plants. Genetic analysis of T1 progeny confirmed Mendelian segregation of the introduced genes. Therefore, these transgenic lines demonstrate a promising
potential for variety development of oilseed rape lines with enhanced resistance against both P. xylostella and S. sclerotiorum. 相似文献
11.
Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum has been an increasing threat to oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivation. Efficient and environment—friendly treatments are much needed. Here we focus on microbial control. The Pseudomonas fluorescens P13 that was isolated from oilseed rape cultivation soil, proved to be a useful biocontrol strain for application. Morphology,
physiological and biochemical tests and 16S rDNA analysis demonstrated that it was P. fluorescens P13 and that it had a broad antagonistic spectrum, significantly lessening the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum by 84.4% and suppressing sclerotial formation by 95–100%. Scanning electron microscopy studies attested that P13 deformed
S. sclerotiorum mycelia when they were cultured together. P13 did not produce chitinase but did produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN) which was
likely one of the antagonistic mechanisms. The density of P13 remained at a high level (≥106 CFU/ml) during 5 weeks in the rhizosphere soil and roots. P13 reduced SSR severity at least by 59% in field studies and also
promoted seedling growth (p<0.05) at the seedling stage. From these data, our work provided evidence that P13 could be a good alternative biological
resource for biocontrol of S. sclerotiorum. 相似文献
12.
13.
In order to clarify the mechanism of induced resistance to blast disease in rice, Oryza sativa, that had been previously infested by the white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera Horváth, we first investigated the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in rice plants infested by the planthopper.
The results confirmed that infestation of S. furcifera strongly stimulates the production of SA and JA in rice. These results indicate that both salicylate- and jasmonate-mediated pathways (SA and JA pathways), which are involved in
the general defense system in plants, were activated in rice infested by S. furcifera. Further results confirmed that S. furcifera infestation induces accumulation of a major rice diterpenoid phytoalexin, momilactone A, and a flavonoid phytoalexin, sakuranetin,
which are well known as antimicrobial chemicals, particularly in blast disease caused by the blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae B. Couch. All these results strongly suggest the following hypothetical mechanism of induced-resistance to M. oryzae in rice infested by S. furcifera. First, S. furcifera releases some elicitor-active compounds, which might be produced in the salivary glands, into the rice plant during feeding.
Next, the defense signal systems, SA- and JA-mediated pathways, are activated by the elicitor. Finally, phytoalexins are induced
in rice as antimicrobial compounds mainly through activation of the JA-mediated pathway. 相似文献
14.
Shuijin Hua Imran Haider Shamsi Yuan Guo Haksong Pak Mingxun Chen Congguang Shi Huabing Meng Lixi Jiang 《Planta》2009,230(3):493-503
The genomic era provides new perspectives in understanding polyploidy evolution, mostly on the genome-wide scale. In this
paper, we show the sequence and expression divergence between the homologous ALCATRAZ (ALC) loci in Brassica napus, responsible for silique dehiscence. We cloned two homologous ALC loci, namely BnaC.ALC.a and BnaA.ALC.a in B. napus. Driven by the 35S promoter, both the loci complemented to the alc mutation of Arabidopsis thaliana, yet only the expression of BnaC.ALC.a was detectable in the siliques of B. napus. Sequence alignment indicated that BnaC.ALC.a and BolC.ALC.a, or BnaA.ALC.a and BraA.ALC.a, possess a high level of similarity. The understanding of the sequence and expression divergence among homologous loci of
a gene is of due importance for an effective gene manipulation and TILLING (or ECOTILLING) analysis for the allelic DNA variation
at a given locus.
S. Hua and I. H. Shamsi contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
15.
Crop to weed transgene flow, which could result in more competitive weed populations, is an agricultural biosafety concern.
Crop Brassica napus to weedy Brassica rapa hybridization has been extensively characterized to better understand the transgene flow and its consequences. In this study,
weedy accessions of B. rapa were transformed with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cry1Ac- and green fluorescence protein (gfp)-coding transgenes using Agrobacterium to assess ecological performance of the wild biotype relative to introgressed hybrids in which the transgenic parent was
the crop. Regenerated transgenic B. rapa events were characterized by progeny analysis, Bt protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Southern blot analysis,
and GFP expression assay. GFP expression level and Bt protein concentration were significantly different between independent
transgenic B. rapa events. Similar reproductive productivity was observed in comparison between transgenic B. rapa events and B. rapa × B. napus introgressed hybrids in greenhouse and field experiments. In the greenhouse, Bt transgenic plants experienced significantly
less herbivory damage from the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). No differences were found in the field experiment under ambient, low, herbivore pressure. Directly transformed transgenic
B. rapa plants should be a helpful experimental control to better understand crop genetic load in introgressed transgenic weeds. 相似文献
16.
Parameswari Namasivayam Jeremy Skepper David Hanke 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(4):273-281
Napin, a storage protein, has been reported to be transcribed abundantly during the pre-embryogenic stage and associated with
the induction of Brassica napus secondary embryogenesis. In this study, we studied the distribution pattern of napin in the winter oilseed rape embryogenic
tissue in comparison to that of the non-embryogenic tissue using the indirect immunofluorescence localisation coupled with
the ultrastructural immunogold labelling techniques. Immunolocalisation studies revealed that the extracellular matrix layer
outside the outer epidermal cell wall of B. napus embryogenic tissues contained napin. This is the first study to report the extracellular localisation of napin. In addition,
we have also further characterised the expression pattern of Eg1 that encodes for napin in the B. napus embryogenic tissue. 相似文献
17.
Mahboobeh Ziaei Mostafa Motallebi Mohammad Reza Zamani Nasim Zarin Panjeh Zahra Moghaddassi Jahromi 《Journal of plant biochemistry and biotechnology.》2016,25(4):358-366
Canola (Brassica napus L.), an agro-economically important crop in the world, is sensitive to many fungal pathogens. One strategy to combat fungal diseases is genetic engineering through transferring genes encoding the pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins such as chitinase which cause the chitin degradation of fungal cell wall. Chitinase Chit42 from Trichoderma atroviride (PTCC5220) plays an important role in biocontrol and has high antifungal activity against a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi. This enzyme lacks a chitin binding domain (ChBD) which is involved in binding activity to insoluble chitin. In the present study, we investigated the effect of chitin binding domain fused to Chit42 when compared with native Chit42. These genes were over-expressed under the CaMV35S promoter in B. napus, R line Hyola 308. Transformation of cotyledonary petioles was achieved by pBISM2 and pBIKE1 constructs containing chimeric and native Chit42 genes respectively, via Agrobacterium method. The insertion of transgenes in T0 generation was verified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analysis. Antifungal activity of expressed chitinase in transgenic plants was also investigated by bioassays. The transgenic canola expressing chimeric chitinase showed stronger inhibition against phytopathogenic fungi that indicates the role of chitin binding domain. 相似文献
18.
Issam Nouairi Wided Ben Ammar Nabil Ben Youssef Douja Daoud Ben Miled Mohamed Habib Ghorbal Mokhtar Zarrouk 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2009,31(2):237-247
Plant species capable of hyper-accumulating heavy metals are of considerable interest for phytoremediation, and differ in
their ability to accumulate metals from environment. Using two brassica species (Brassica juncea and Brassica napus), nutrient solution experiments were conducted to study variation in tolerance to cadmium (Cd) toxicity based on (1) lipid
peroxidation and (2) changes in antioxidative defense system in leaves of both plants (i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD EC
1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX EC 1.11.1.11), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX EC 1.11.1.7), glutathione
reductase (GR EC 1.6.4.2), levels of phytochelatins (PCs), non-protein thiols (NP-SH), and glutathione. Plants were grown
in nutrient solution under controlled environmental conditions, and subjected to increasing concentrations of Cd (0, 10, 25
and 50 μM) for 15 days. Results showed marked differences between both species. Brassica napus under Cd stress exhibited increased level of lipid peroxidation, as was evidenced by the increased malondialdehyde (MDA)
content in leaves. However, in Brassica
juncea treated plants, MDA content remained unchanged. In Brassica napus, with the exception of GPX, activity levels of some antioxidant enzymes involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species
(ROS), including SOD, CAT, GR, and APX, decreased drastically at high Cd concentrations. By contrast, in leaves of Brassica juncea treated plants, there was either only slight or no change in the activities of the antioxidative enzymes. Analysis of the
profile of anionic isoenzymes of GPX revealed qualitative changes occurring during Cd exposure for both species. Moreover,
levels of NP-SH and PCs, monitored as metal detoxifying responses, were much increased in leaves of Brassica juncea by increasing Cd supply, but did not change in Brassica napus. These results indicate that Brassica juncea plants possess the greater potential for Cd accumulation and tolerance than Brassica napus. 相似文献
19.
20.
Zuzana Vatehová Karin Kollárová Ivan Zelko Danica Richterová-Kučerová Marek Bujdoš Desana Lišková 《Biologia》2012,67(3):498-504
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of silicon (Si) and cadmium (Cd) on root and shoot growth and Cd uptake
in two hydroponically cultivated Brassica species (B. juncea (L.) Czern. cv. Vitasso and B. napus L. cv. Atlantic). Both species are potentially usable for phytoextraction. Inhibitory effects of Cd on root elongation were
diminished by the impact of Si. Primary roots elongation in the presence of Cd + Si compared with Cd was stronger and the
number of lateral roots was lower in B. juncea than in B. napus. Cd content per plant was higher in B. napus roots and shoots compared with B. juncea. Suberin lamellae were formed closer to the root apex in Cd + Si than in Cd treated plants and this effect was stronger in
B. napus than in B. juncea. Accelerated maturation of endodermis was associated with reduced Cd uptake. Cd decreased the content of chlorophylls and
carotenoids in both species, but Si addition positively influenced the content of photosynthetic pigments which was higher
in B. napus than in B. juncea. Si enhanced more substantially translocation of Cd into the shoot of B. napus than of B. juncea. Based on our results B. napus seems to be more suitable for Cd phytoextraction than B. juncea because these plants produce more biomass and accumulate
higher amount of Cd. The protective effect of Si on Cd treated Brassica plants could be attributed to more extensive development of suberin lamellae in endodermis. 相似文献