雷公藤内生真菌的分离鉴定及活性研究

【背景】雷公藤是一种传统中药,具有多种药理活性和较高的应用价值。但由于产量少、提取过程复杂而限制了其在临床上的应用。植物内生真菌的次级代谢产物能够产生相似的药理活性,有望解决植物资源匮乏的难题,成为新药筛选的潜在资源。【目的】从卫矛科植物雷公藤中分离内生真菌,对其产物的体外抗菌活性及抗肿瘤活性进行测定,并利用活性菌株对雷公藤粗提物进行转化,以达到增效减毒的作用。【方法】采用组织块法从雷公藤茎中分离内生真菌;打孔法测定发酵产物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌的抑菌活性;MTT(噻唑蓝)比色法测定发酵产物及转化产物的抗肿瘤活性;ITS(Internal transcribed spacer)序列测序分析确定活性菌株的种属。【结果】从雷公藤茎中分离得到43株内生真菌,其中5株对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑菌作用,LGT7几乎与1μg/mL青霉素钠的作用效果相当;6株对MCF-7、SKOV3细胞有抗肿瘤活性,LGT7、LGT41对肿瘤细胞生长抑制率达90%以上;4株对雷公藤粗提物具有转化活性。活性菌株分别被鉴定为拟茎点霉和腐皮壳属。【结论】雷公藤内生真菌具有抗菌抗肿瘤作用,并可以通过转化产生增效减毒作用。     

专一转化人参二醇类皂苷Rb1为Rd的真菌菌株的筛选

于2009年的7－10月间在辽宁省的桓仁,吉林省的集安、靖宇、抚松等药材产区采集人参及人参根际土壤样品45份。通过真菌分离和培养,共获得真菌菌株105株,经形态学鉴定分属于15属48种。通过活性筛选,得到具有转化人参总皂苷活性的菌株25株,其中菌株SR87和SR105对人参皂苷Rb1具有专一转化活性。通过TLC和HPLC检测,其转化产物为人参皂苷Rd。经形态学鉴定,确定阳性菌株SR87为莫勒接霉Zygorhynchus moelleri,SR105为灰绿犁头霉Absidia glauca。这两株真菌均有较高的转化潜力,可以应用于制备人参皂苷Rd。     

不同生境具有抗肿瘤活性的海洋真菌筛选

目的:为了测定海口沿海海域不同生境的海洋真菌抗肿瘤状况。方法:我们从海口西海岸沿线、南渡江入海口处以及演丰红树林三个不同生境分离到162株海洋真菌,通过MTT比色法测定海洋真菌代谢产物对黑色素瘤B16的抑制活性。结果:其中75.93%的海洋真菌代谢产物对B16细胞增殖有不同的抑制作用,来自西海岸沿线生境的真菌有77.36%具有抑制B16生长作用,来自入海口生境的真菌为77.27%,来自红树林的真菌为70.58%,并且不同生境的真菌代谢物的细胞毒性强弱也有明显的区别。结论:不同生境的真菌具有不同的抗肿瘤作用,筛选具有某种活性海洋真菌菌株时,可以选择容易产某种活性成分的目的生境。     

人参皂苷Rb1转化菌株筛选及转化产物分析

【背景】许多微生物能够对皂苷类化合物进行生物转化,因此,通过微生物对皂苷类化合物不同位置结构的修饰能获得高活性的皂苷成分。【目的】从分离纯化的菌株中筛选能将人参皂苷Rb₁转化为药理活性较高的稀有人参皂苷。【方法】从三七根际土壤及三七茎中分离纯化了36株真菌,首先利用产β-葡萄糖苷酶的方法对菌株进行皂苷转化活性初筛,再以人参皂苷Rb₁为底物进行皂苷转化活性复筛,通过薄层色谱(thinlayerchromatography,TLC)、高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)和质谱(mass spectrometry, MS)等方法对转化产物进行分析。【结果】筛选出一株对人参皂苷Rb₁具有较高转化活性的菌株F17,通过形态学观察及对内转录间隔区(internaltranscribedspacer,ITS)序列分析,菌株F17被鉴定为拟盘多毛孢属菌(Pestalotiopsis biciliata)。P. biciliata可将人参皂苷Rb₁转...     

民族药马利筋内生真菌生物活性研究

药用植物内生真菌能产生与宿主相同或相似的活性物质,民族药马利筋生物活性广泛。为获得马利筋活性内生真菌资源,该研究基于“民族药-内生真菌-活性成分”的思路,考察了168株马利筋内生真菌代谢产物的生物活性,并分别采用SRB法、Griess法、PNPG法和DPPH法对内生真菌发酵液乙酸乙酯提取物进行抗肿瘤、抗炎、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制和抗氧化等生物活性测定,对活性菌株进行ITS菌种鉴定。结果表明：（1）所筛选的168株内生真菌中有22株表现出不同程度的生物活性。其中,9株内生真菌具有显著抗肿瘤活性,其IC₅₀值在0.1～40μg·mL^-1之间;菌株MJF-53在2.5μg·mL^-1时对LPS诱导的Raw264.7释放的NO和IL-1β均具有明显的抑制作用;7株内生真菌表现出不同程度的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,其IC₅₀值在1.0～4.0 mg·mL^-1之间,其中MYF-16和MYF-55对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性接近阿卡波糖;19株内生真菌具有不同程度的DPPH自由基清除活性,其中菌株MYF...     

共附生微生物抗肿瘤活性菌的筛选与鉴定

对分离自海绵和植物组织的一些微生物进行抗肿瘤活性菌株的筛选。采用SRB法对252株微生物菌株的发酵提取物进行了抗肿瘤活性的筛选。结果显示,28%的测试菌株在提取物浓度为100μg/mL时对HeLa细胞的抑制率在50%以上,经复筛确定有6株细菌和1株真菌具有良好且稳定的抗肿瘤活性,其提取物在100μg/mL时对HeLa细胞的抑制率均在80%以上,其中活性最高的两株菌HMJ-390和YX-5对HeLa细胞的IC50分别为40.56μg/mL和5.33μg/mL。经16S rDNA和ITS rDNA序列分析,鉴定HMJ-390为Cellulophagasp.,YX-5为Aspergillussp.。结果表明,作为抗肿瘤药物的潜在来源共附生微生物值得关注。     

喜树内生真菌的分离及其抗肿瘤活性代谢产物的筛选方法

从喜树(Camptotheca acuminata Decne.)的根、枝条、叶和果实中分离纯化了48株内生真菌,通过对各个菌株的少量发酵培养,HPLC分析结合色谱峰紫外扫描检测方法,以紫外扫描图谱的相似性为依据,对喜树内生真菌产生喜树碱结构类似物进行初步筛选,并进一步以抑瘤实验确证其抗肿瘤活性.结果证明,以该方法筛选到的10个内生菌株中有7个菌株发酵液对HL-60细胞增殖具有显著的抑制活性.相对于常规的生物活性筛选,高效液相色谱结合色谱峰紫外光谱的方法,在药用植物内生真菌活性次生代谢产物筛选研究中具有快速、高效的特点.     

黄山地区红豆杉中产紫杉醇内生真菌的分离和筛选

从黄山地区红豆杉中分离得到107株内生真菌,利用薄层层析(TLC)方法对107株内生真菌的发酵代谢物进行了初筛,首次筛出8株可产紫杉醇或其类似物的菌株。再通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)对其作了进一步分析,发现有1株内生真菌菌株发酵代谢物的吸收峰与紫杉醇标准品吸收峰保留时间一致。同时结合以中国仓鼠卵巢CHO细胞株作为肿瘤细胞模型,用Resazurin法检测生长抑制率,对经筛选出的1株内生真菌次生代谢产物进行体外抗肿瘤活性试验,该菌株的代谢物对CHO细胞的抑制率高达71.28%。通过对该菌株的显微形态观察,从菌丝、孢子的形态和产孢子的特征等初步判定HQ-24是曲霉(Aspergillus sp.)。     

两株海洋真菌的鉴定及其次级代谢产物抑制烟草花叶病毒及抗肿瘤活性

摘要：【目的】通过对2株活性海洋真菌发酵产物提取物抑制烟草花叶病毒和抗肿瘤活性进行研究,为进一步得到活性纯品化合物作为抗病毒及抗肿瘤的先导化合物奠定基础。【方法】菌株发酵产物的粗提物是通过甲醇浸取并在真空条件下蒸干得到的。粗提物中溶于水的部分为水溶性部分,不溶于水的部分为脂溶性部分。通过间接酶联免疫法检测样品抑制烟草花叶病毒的活性,通过四甲基偶氮唑盐微量酶反应比色法（MTT法）检测样品抗肿瘤活性,通过形态及ITS rDNA序列法进行菌株鉴定。【结果】两株海洋真菌抑制烟草花叶病毒活性和抗肿瘤的活性均较高。分子鉴定结果显示,两株真菌分别与Penicillium oxalicum 和 Neosartorya fischeri 的同源性极高。菌株0312F1发酵液的水溶性部分具有抗病毒及抗肿瘤活性,菌株1008F1发酵液的脂溶性部分具有抑制烟草花叶病毒活性,而水溶性部分具有抗肿瘤活性。【结论】菌株0312F1和菌株1008F1发酵液的提取物抑制烟草花叶病毒的活性部位不同,而抗肿瘤活性部位相同。菌株0312F1发酵液提取物的水溶性活性部位对肝癌细胞BEL-7404的抑制效果比对胃癌细胞SGC-7901的抑制效果明显,而菌株1008F1发酵液提取物的水溶性活性部位对胃癌细胞SGC-7901的抑制效果比对肝癌细胞BEL-7404的抑制效果明显。     

北桑寄生内生真菌的分离及其次级代谢产物分析

首次对药用植物北桑寄生叶片中的内生真菌进行分离纯化,从中筛选出具有较高生物活性的菌株,鉴定此菌株并对其次级代谢产物进行初步分离。采用组织块法分离内生真菌,对其进行抗氧化活性和抑菌活性筛选;通过形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定其种属;运用柱色谱、重结晶等方法分离次级代谢产物,波谱学鉴定其结构。从北桑寄生叶片中分离纯化得到29株内生真菌,检测得到一株具有较高抗氧化和抑菌活性的菌株,鉴定为Alternaria alternata,从该菌次级代谢产物中首次分离得到3个单体化合物,分别为alternariol-5-O-methyl ether(1)、alternariol(2)、cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid(3)。化合物1和2具有较弱的抗氧化活性,化合物1和3表现出一定的抑菌活性。     

Synthesis of guggulsterone derivatives as potential anti-austerity agents against PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells

E- and Z-guggulsterones and nine guggulsterone derivatives (GSDs) were synthesized and evaluated for their preferential cytotoxicity against human PANC-1 cell in nutrient deprived medium utilizing antiausterity strategy. Among the synthesized compounds, GSD-1 and GSD-7 showed potent cytotoxicity against PANC-1 cells under nutrient-deprived conditions in a concentration dependent manner, with a PC₅₀ value of 1.6 μM and 3.2 μM, respectively. The effect of GSD-1 and GSD-7 was further evaluated in a real time using live cell imaging. Both of these compounds altered PANC-1 cell morphology, leading to cell death at sub micromolar concentration range. GSD-1 and GSD-7 also inhibited PANC-1 cell colony formation in a concentration-dependent manner. GSD-1 and GSD-7 are lead structure for the anti-austerity drug development.     

Pancreatic anticancer activity of a novel geranylgeranylated coumarin derivative

A series of hydroxycoumarin derivatives has been synthesized and evaluated against human pancreatic PANC-1 cancer cells under nutrient-deprived conditions. Several compounds exhibited 100% preferential cytotoxicity at low micromolar concentrations under nutrition starvation, and showed no cytotoxicity under nutrient-rich conditions. In this study, a novel geranylgeranylated ether coumarin derivative 9 was found to exhibit the highest cytotoxic activity of 6.25 μM within 24h. The preferential anti-tumor activity exhibited by compound 9 against PANC-1 under low oxygen and nutrient environment illustrates its great potential as a promising lead structure for the development of novel agents to combat pancreatic cancer.     

Design and synthesis of functionalized coumarins as potential anti-austerity agents that eliminates cancer cells' tolerance to nutrition starvation

Human pancreatic tumor cells have inherent ability to tolerate nutrition starvation which enables them to survive in the hypovascular tumor microenvironment. Discovery of agents that selectively inhibit the cancer cells’ tolerance to nutrition starvation leading to cancer cell death is a new anti-austerity approach in anti-cancer drug discovery. A series of coumarins derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-austerity activity against PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cell line. The compound 7-Hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid (3-phenylpropyl)amide (2c) showed highly potent selective cytotoxicity against PANC-1 cells under nutrient-deprived conditions, with a PC₅₀ value of 0.44 μM, without exhibiting toxicity in normal, nutrient-rich medium. Compound 2c caused dramatic alterations in PANC-1 cell morphology, leading to cell death. The compound 2c was found to inhibit PANC-1 cell migration and colony formation in a concentration-dependent manner. The compound 2c is a lead structure for the anti-austerity drug development against pancreatic cancer.     

Discovery of 2-pyridineformamide thiosemicarbazones as potent antiausterity agents

Series of 2-pyridineformamide thiosemicarbazones were synthesized. Their preferential cytotoxicity in nutrient deprived medium (NDM) was evaluated using PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells by employing an antiausterity strategy. 2-Pyridineformamide thiosemicarbazones induced apoptosis and exhibited preferential cytotoxic activity toward PANC-1 cells in NDM, with potencies in the submicromolar range. These compounds are potential candidates for the development of therapeutics against pancreatic cancer.     

Novel anticancer agents, kayeassamins A and B from the flower of Kayea assamica of Myanmar

The CHCl(3)-soluble fraction of 70% EtOH extract of the flower of Kayea assamica completely killed human pancreatic PANC-1 cancer cells preferentially under nutrient-deprived conditions at 1 microg/mL. Bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation afforded two novel compounds, kayeassamins A (1) and B (2). Their structures were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic methods and the modified Mosher method. Each compound showed 100% preferential cytotoxicity (PC(100)) against PANC-1 cells under nutrient-deprived conditions at 1 microM. Furthermore, both compounds inhibited the migration of PANC-1 cells in the wound closure assay.     

Thio-sugars VII. Effect of 3-deoxy-4-S-(beta-D-gluco- and beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-4-thiodisaccharides and their sulfoxides and sulfones on the viability and growth of selected murine and human tumor cell lines

The first conversion of (1-->4)-thiodisaccharides into corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones by conventional oxidation with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA) is reported. The effects of alpha-(1-->4)-3'-deoxythiodisaccharides (8-9) and their sulfoxide (14-15) and sulfone (16-17) derivatives on murine leukemia and human colon and pancreatic carcinoma cell viability were studied. Concentrations of thio-sugars that decreased tumor cell line viability by 50% (IC(50)), measured via the MTT assay, ranged from 6.4 to 38.3 microg/mL. The effect of alpha-(1-->4)-3'-deoxythiodisaccharide derivatives were most profound on human pancreatic epithelial carcinoma (PANC-1) cells with compounds 8 and 9 having IC(50) values of 6.4 microg/mL and 8.2 microg/mL, respectively. Sulfone derivatives 16 and 17 also had pronounced effects on PANC-1 cell viability (IC(50)=10.2 microg/mL and 9.6 microg/mL, respectively). These results indicate that deoxythio-disaccharide analogs generated by functionalization of the universal chiral precursor levoglucosenone may have cytotoxic properties and therapeutic potential as anticancer agents.     

Effect of NeuroD Gene Silencing on the Migration and Invasion of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells PANC-1

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of Lenti-EGFP-NeuroD-miR, RNAi lentiviral expression vector, on the expression level of NeuroD and migration, and invasion of PANC-1 cell line. PANC-1 cells were cultured and cotransfected with Lenti-EGFP-NeuroD-miR and Lenti-GFP. The infection rate of lentivirus was determined by fluorescence. The interfering effection by the expression of NeuroD mRNA in PANC-1 cells was analyzed by real-time PCR after transfected. Biological behavior of PANC-1 cells transinfected was observed, and the migration and invasion were studied by transwell assay. Intrapancreatic allografts model in nude mice was established to observe the effects of NeuroD on tumorigenesis, tumor growth, and invasion in vivo. The expression of NeuroD mRNA decreased significantly after RNAi lentivirus transinfecting PANC-1 cell. The cell’s migration and invasion ability decreased obviously as soon as down regulate of NeuroD in PANC-1 cells. Comparing with control group, the tumors were smaller in size and the invasiveness was inhibited after 8 weeks intrapancreatic allografts in nude mice. Lenti-EGFP-NeuroD-miR transfected into PANC-1 cells shows a stable, effective, and especial blocking expression of NeuroD in mRNA level. The RNAi of lentiviral vector target NeuroD can reduce the migration and invasion abilities of PANC-1 cells.     

Discovery of potential antiausterity agents from the Japanese cypress Chamaecyparis obtusa

The chloroform extract of the Japanese cypress Chamaecyparis obtusa was found to kill PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells preferentially in the nutrient-deprived medium without causing toxicity in the nutrient rich condition. Phytochemical investigation on this extract led to the isolation of a new sesquiterpene (1), together with the six sesquiterpenes (2–7) and a lignan (8). The isolated compounds were tested for their preferential cytotoxicity activity against five different human pancreatic cancer cell lines [PANC-1, MIA PaCa2, CAPAN-1, PSN-1, and KLM-1] by utilizing an antiausterity strategy. Among them, α-cadinol (2) was identified as the most active constituent. α-Cadinol (2) was found to inhibit the activation of Akt/mTOR pathway, and the hyperactivation of autophagy leading to preferential PANC-1 cell death during nutrient-starvation.     

Two new resorcinol derivatives with strong cytotoxicity from the roots of Ardisia brevicaulis Diels

Two new resorcinol derivatives, 4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-[(8Z)-pentadec-8-en-1-yl]phenyl acetate (1) and 4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-pentadecylphenyl acetate (2), together with known compounds ardisiphenol D (3), 5-tridecylresorcinol (4), 5-pentadecylresorcinol (5), 5-[(8Z)-pentadec-8-en-1-yl]resorcinol (6), belamcandaquinones C and D (7 and 8, resp.), ardisicrenoside A, ardisiacrispin B, (22E)-24-ethyl-5α-cholesta-7,22-dien-3-one, and (22E)-24-ethyl-5α-cholesta-7,22-dien-3β-ol were isolated from the MeOH extract of the roots of Ardisia brevicaulis Diels. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis including ESI- and EI-MS, and NMR data. Cytotoxicities of 1-4 against cell lines A549, MCF-7, and PANC-1 were tested in vitro by the MTT (=3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) method. Compounds 1-4 showed cytotoxic activity against all cell lines stronger than that of cisplatin against A549.     

Angelmarin, a novel anti-cancer agent able to eliminate the tolerance of cancer cells to nutrient starvation

The CH(2)Cl(2)-soluble extract of Angelica pubescens was found to kill PANC-1 cancer cells preferentially under nutrition starvation at a concentration of 50 microg/ml, with virtually no cytotoxicity under nutrient-rich conditions. Further bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation led to the isolation of a novel compound named angelmarin as the primary compound responsible for the preferential cytotoxicity; the compound exhibited 100% preferential cytotoxicity against PANC-1 cells at a concentration of 0.01 microg/ml.