三种土壤微生物总DNA提取方法的比较

本文对3种常用的土壤微生物总DNA提取方法Martin法、高盐改进法及试剂盒法进行了比较,并通过DNA得率、纯度及16S rDNA V3可变区的PCR扩增结合DGGE法(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis),分别对3种方法进行评价.结果表明,3种方法提取的DNA均能满足土壤微生物多样性分析的要求.其中试剂盒方法操作简单,提取的DNA质量较高,但DNA得率较低且成本昂贵.Martin法和高盐改进法用时较长,DNA得率较高,纯度较低,但对后续PCR扩增和DGGE分析没有明显影响,且成本低廉.     

直接从土壤中提取DNA的方法

研究微生物的多样性 ,即微生物的种类和数量的多少是评价土壤质量的重要指标。由于土壤微生物种类繁多 ,数量巨大 ,加上土壤中 99%的种类难以通过传统的平板分离技术来进行培养[1],人们必须借助其他技术来解决。近年发展的非培养技术 ,如ＢＩＯＬＯＧ微量板分析技术[2 ]、细胞壁磷脂酸分析技术[3]和分子生物学方法[4 - 6 ],克服了培养的环节 ,对微生物生态学研究产生极大的推动作用。其中分子生物学是应用最广、最有发展潜力的技术。它的主要步骤是通过直接提取土壤中的ＤＮＡ ,经纯化处理后 ,利用合适的引物扩增 1 6ＳｒＲＮＡ基因 ,通过分…     

茶园土壤微生物总DNA不同提取方法的比较

传统的微生物分离培养方法,在反映茶园土壤微生物基因信息上有很大的局限性,因此,目前逐步被分子生态学的方法替代,而获得高质量、大片段、无偏好的土壤微生物总DNA则是茶园土壤微生物分子生态学研究的基础.本文采用SDS高盐法、变性剂加SDS高盐法、脱腐SDS高盐法、CTAB法和Krsek改进法5种土壤微生物DNA提取方法分别从茶园土壤微生物中提取总DNA,并对5种方法提取的DNA的片段大小、质量和产量进行了综合评价.结果表明,Krsek改进法提取到的DNA片段最大(>23 kb)、纯度最高(OD260/OD280>1.70;OD260/OD230>1.35)、产量较高(>34.50μg/g dry soil)且不需纯化就可以用于PCR扩增和RFLP分析.因此,Krsek改进法是一种高效、可靠且适合于茶园土壤微生物分子生态学研究的DNA提取方法.     

从土壤中提取DNA方法比较

设计并比较了3种直接从土壤中提取DNA的方法。试验结果表明:3种方法都可以从土壤中提取到分子量大于23.13 kb的DNA的片段,每克干土DNA的提取量为2.5~31μg,不同方法间在DNA产量、纯度等方面存在较大差异。     

两种从土壤中提取DNA方法的比较

为土壤微生物多样性研究选取理想的DNA提取方法,该文比较了直接法和间接法从土壤中提取微生物总DNA的效果。结果表明：直接法提取量大,每克土壤提取到DNA约10．26μg,而间接法仅提取到0．55μg,直接法DNA提取量约为间接法的19倍。直接法得到的DNA包含细菌种群较间接法丰富,DGGE分析结果显示,二者的条带数分别为35条和28条,占检测条带总数的92．1%和78．9%。间接法提取到DNA纯度较直接法高,不需纯化即可用于PCR扩增和BamHⅠ酶切反应。     

土壤样品中DNA提取方法的比较

对土壤样品中提取DNA方法的有效性进行了比较研究。如果以细胞有效裂解和DNA产率为标准,用冻融进行预处理再结合SDS和溶菌酶的化学裂解方法,是效果最佳的DNA抽提方法,细胞裂解率为82%,DNA产率达20.8μg/g。为了去除PCR抑制物,将DNA样品进一步用柱纯化,回收率为80%。纯化后的DNA样品可用于16SrDNA扩增及其他分子操作。     

用于分子生态学研究的土壤微生物DNA提取方法

利用SDS高盐法和变性剂加SDS高盐法对土壤微生物总DNA进行了提取,然后通过电泳加树脂柱回收和连续2次树脂柱回收方法进行了纯化.结果表明,变性剂加SDS高盐法的DNA提取效率明显高于前者,电泳加树脂柱法的纯化效果更好.通过PCR扩增表明,经过纯化后的DNA,都可以进行16SrDNA扩增和nirK、nosZ、nifH等功能基因的扩增.因此,变性剂加SDS高盐法是一种更为高效、可靠且适合于环境微生物分子生态学研究的DNA提取方法.     

一种简单有效且适于土壤微生物多样性分析的DNA提取方法

参照Zhou[11]的方法进行了改进,获得了一种简单、有效的DNA提取方法.此方法操作简单、从大量样品改为小量样品的提取,利用高浓度的PEG沉淀,不作回收纯化,所提DNA片段较大,在23 kb以上,每克土的DNA提取量从3.74～15.28 μg,OD260/OD230比值在0.89～1.21范围内,用真菌和细菌核糖体特异性引物进行PCR扩增,均获得较好的结果,DGGE图谱显示丰富性较高,可用于细菌多样性和真菌多样性的分析.此方法能够从4种不同性质土壤中提取出DNA,但提取盐渍土壤和碱性土壤的效果更好一些,为土壤微生物群落结构的多样性分析奠定良好的基础.     

东北设施黑土土壤微生物总DNA提取方法探讨

目的:找到一种适合东北设施高腐殖含量黑土土壤微生物总DNA简单易行的提取方法。方法:采用5种不同的DNA提取方法进行土壤总DNA提取。结果:5种提取方法的DNA产量在6.88～29.71μg/g,OD260/OD280值为1.03～1.27,OD260/OD230值为0.65～0.88,经纯化后均可进行PCR扩增。但经改进的方法 E提取DNA产量最高,纯度最好。结论:方法 E—加入TENP和PBS缓冲液预处理的提取方法是一种适宜东北设施黑土土壤微生物总DNA批量提取简单易行的方法。     

红树林土壤总DNA不同提取方法比较研究

获得高浓度、大片段、无偏好的土壤微生物总DNA是土壤微生物分子生态学研究和宏基因组文库构建的基础。本研究采用了5种方法从红树林土壤中提取DNA,并对5种方法提取出的DNA的质量和产量进行比较评价。结果表明,5种方法均可从土壤中提取到DNA,但不同方法提取到DNA的产量和质量存在明显差异。Bio101FastPrep?SPINKit(forSoil)抽提到的DNA得率最高,适合分子生态学研究;SDS-GITC-PEG法提取的DNA纯度最高,所得到的DNA片段较大(>48kb),有利于构建宏基因组文库。     

风沙土微生物总DNA不同提取和纯化方法比较

为筛选和建立风沙土中总DNA的提取和纯化方法,选取了5种直接提取法、1种间接提取法和2种纯化法分别对风沙土中总DNA进行了提取和纯化,并对其质量和产量进行了比较.结果表明：6种方法均可从风沙土中提取到大小为23 kb左右的总DNA,其中改进后的高盐提取法（用40%聚乙二醇8000和4 mol·L^-1 NaCl沉淀DNA）效果最好,纯化后总DNA的纯度最高,可进行16S rDNA的PCR扩增,且产量仅稍低于试剂盒提取法;电泳加柱回收纯化法的纯化效果较好,经该方法纯化后的总DNA大部分可进行PCR扩增,可满足后续分子操作对DNA纯度的要求.     

油气田土壤甲烷氧化菌实时荧光定量PCR检测技术的 建立与应用

【目的】建立快速检测甲烷氧化菌含量的SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR技术,用于油气微生物勘探。【方法】以含有甲烷氧化菌功能基因pmoA片段的重组质粒为标准品,优化实验条件,建立标准曲线,进行敏感性、重复性和特异性评价,并将该技术用于实际样品的检测。【结果】该技术标准曲线的相关系数R2为0.999 9,扩增效率为99.976%,检测范围为3.897×101-3.897×109 copies/μL,检出限约为40 copies/μL,重复性实验中CT值的变异系数优于3%,对12种非甲烷氧化菌均没有扩增,显示该技术具有很好的敏感性、重复性和特异性。利用该技术对气田、油田和非油气田土样进行了检测,发现气田具有明显的异常高值。【结论】为油气田的勘探建立了一种高效、特异、灵敏、准确的甲烷氧化菌荧光定量PCR检测技术,同时为其它指示菌检测技术的建立提供了参考。     

模式小鼠总DNA三种提取方法比较

目的：建立简便、快捷、经济的模式小鼠总DNA提取方法,以快速鉴定大批量模式小鼠基因型。方法采用苯酚抽提法、异丙醇沉淀法、鼠耳煮沸法提取同种模式小鼠总DNA,对比DNA纯度、得率、耗费时间,并比较基因型鉴定结果。结果苯酚抽提法得率最高,异丙醇沉淀法最低;而纯度则按照苯酚抽提法、异丙醇沉淀法、鼠耳煮沸法顺序递减;在耗时上鼠耳煮沸法最短。三种方法提取的DNA均可做模版用于基因型鉴定。结论鼠耳煮沸法操作简单、成本最低,快速、基因型鉴定结果可靠,可用于规模化的基因型鉴定实验中。     

鸡肠道菌群总DNA三种提取方法的比较

目的比较不同方法提取鸡肠道菌群总DNA的差异,为分子方法分析肠道菌群组成提供质量较高的DNA模板。方法采用反复冻融法、酶裂解法和试剂盒法（E.N.Z.A Stool DNA Kit）来提取鸡肠道菌群的总DNA,并根据DNA浓度及纯度、16S DNA扩增产物和ERIC-PCR产物所反映的片段多态性4个指标,对这3种方法提取的DNA质量进行比较。结果3种方法均能提取DNA,所得DNA都可以用于16S DNA的扩增,但后2种方法所得DNA的ERIC-PCR结果能反映出更高的菌群多样性。结论试剂盒法和酶裂解法所提取的DNA质量好,适合用于肠道菌群的分子生态研究。     

Comparison of methods for total community DNA extraction and purification from compost

The differences on DNA yield and purity of three different DNA extraction protocols were compared with regard to the use for PCR and other molecular analyses. Total DNA was extracted from compost by the three protocols, and then was purified by spin-bind cartridges after being precipitated by PEG8000. The detection performed on a nucleic acid and protein analyzer showed that all three methods produced high DNA yields. The agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the fragments of crude and purified DNA had a length of about 23 kb. A eubacterial 16S rRNA gene-targeted primer pair was used for PCR amplification, and full length 16S rDNAs were amplified from all the purified DNA samples. After being digested by restriction endonucleases, the restriction map of amplified rDNA showed identical genetic diversity. The products of PCR using primer pair GC341F and 907R were also used for denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. The results indicated that high-quality DNA was extracted from compost by the three protocols, and each of the protocols is adapted to extract microbial genome DNA from compost expediently and cheaply.     

A rapid,cost-effective procedure for the extraction of microbial DNA from soil

Here we describe a DNA extraction method that is based on a simple, rapid polyvinylpolypyrrolidone–calcium chloride precipitation to release microorganisms from the soil combined with lysozyme–proteinase–SDS lysis of the microbial community. The extracted DNA is of high quality and allows direct detection of specific genes by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well as cloning of indigenous microbial DNA. This method facilitates the extraction of 36 500-mg soil samples simultaneously in a 2-h period by one person. The procedure is safe, inexpensive, and does not require specialized equipment or generate hazardous wastes.     

三种提取蓝猪耳总DNA方法的比较

针对蓝猪耳（Torenia fournieri L.）叶片中多糖、色素等物质严重干扰总DNA提取质量的问题,以蓝猪耳叶片为试验材料,分别采用高盐低pH值法、SDS法、CTAB法提取总DNA,并从样品电泳图谱、纯度、得率等方面对三种方法进行评价。结果表明,CTAB法提取总DNA的产率较高、纯度最好,是蓝猪耳总DNA提取的最佳方法。     

Biochemical and molecular characterization of methanotrophs in soil from a pristine New Zealand beech forest

Methane (CH4) oxidation and the methanotrophic community structure of a pristine New Zealand beech forest were investigated using biochemical and molecular methods. Phospholipid-fatty acid-stable-isotope probing (PLFA-SIP) was used to identify the active population of methanotrophs in soil beneath the forest floor, while terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and cloning and sequencing of the pmoA gene were used to characterize the methanotrophic community. PLFA-SIP suggested that type II methanotrophs were the predominant active group. T-RFLP and cloning and sequencing of the pmoA genes revealed that the methanotrophic community was diverse, and a slightly higher number of type II methanotrophs were detected in the clone library. Most of the clones from type II methanotrophs were related to uncultured pmoA genes obtained directly from environmental samples, while clones from type I were distantly related to Methylococcus capsulatus. A combined data analysis suggested that the type II methanotrophs may be mainly responsible for atmospheric CH4 consumption. Further sequence analysis suggested that most of the methanotrophs detected shared their phylogeny with methanotrophs reported from soils in the Northern Hemisphere. However, some of the pmoA sequences obtained from this forest had comparatively low similarity (<97%) to known sequences available in public databases, suggesting that they may belong to novel groups of methanotrophic bacteria. Different methods of methanotrophic community analysis were also compared, and it is suggested that a combination of molecular methods with PLFA-SIP can address several shortcomings of stable isotope probing.     

Comparison of DNA extraction methods for human gut microbial community profiling

The human gut harbors a vast range of microbes that have significant impact on health and disease. Therefore, gut microbiome profiling holds promise for use in early diagnosis and precision medicine development. Accurate profiling of the highly complex gut microbiome requires DNA extraction methods that provide sufficient coverage of the original community as well as adequate quality and quantity. We tested nine different DNA extraction methods using three commercial kits (TianLong Stool DNA/RNA Extraction Kit (TS), QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit (QS), and QIAamp PowerFecal DNA Kit (QP)) with or without additional bead-beating step using manual or automated methods and compared them in terms of DNA extraction ability from human fecal sample. All methods produced DNA in sufficient concentration and quality for use in sequencing, and the samples were clustered according to the DNA extraction method. Inclusion of bead-beating step especially resulted in higher degrees of microbial diversity and had the greatest effect on gut microbiome composition. Among the samples subjected to bead-beating method, TS kit samples were more similar to QP kit samples than QS kit samples. Our results emphasize the importance of mechanical disruption step for a more comprehensive profiling of the human gut microbiome.     

Comparison of three methods of DNA extraction from cold-smoked salmon and impact of physical treatments

AIMS: To compare three bacterial DNA extraction procedures on cold-smoked salmon (CSS) and assess the impact on their efficiency of two physical treatments of the food matrix, ionizing irradiation and freezing. METHODS AND RESULTS: As molecular methods for bacterial detection have become an important analytical tool, we compared bacterial DNA extraction procedures on CSS. Working with frozen and irradiated CSS, we obtained negative responses from samples known to be highly contaminated. Thus, we decided to study the impact of these two physical treatments on bacterial DNA extraction procedures. The efficiency of bacterial DNA extraction directly from the fish matrix suspension was measured by an rpoB PCR-based reaction. The results demonstrated that the DNeasy tissue extraction kit (Qiagen, Courtaboeuf, France) was the most efficient and reproducible method. We also showed that freezing and ionizing irradiation have a negative impact on DNA extraction. This was found probably not to be due to inhibition as the PCR reaction remained negative after adding BSA to the PCR mix reaction. CONCLUSIONS: The extraction kit was the most efficient method. Physical treatments were shown to hamper bacterial DNA extraction. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Attention must be paid to molecular bacterial detection on food products subject to freezing or to ionizing irradiation.