Optimum Sampling Strategies under Randomized Response Surveys

Randomized response (RR) techniques are used to collect information of a sensitive nature. Quite a large number of RR techniques are available in the literature for estimating finite population characteristics. The aim of this paper is to provide optimum sampling strategies under different superpopulation models following the existing results available for the direct response (DR) surveys where responses are directly obtained from the respondents.     

On Moors' Randomized Response Model

This paper considers a modification of famous unrelated question randomized response model due to Moors' (1971). The estimator based on the proposed strategy is shown to be unbiased and always more efficient than the estimator for Moor's model.     

Unknown Repeated Trials in the Unrelated Question Randomized Response Model

This paper proposes a modified randomization device for collecting information on sensitive issues. The estimator based on the suggested strategy is found to be unbiased for population proportion and is better than the Greenberg et. al.'s (1969) estimator. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

A New Nonparametric Approach to the Comparison of K Independent Samples of Response Curves

Two simultaneous distribution free test procedures to test the homogeneity of K samples of response curves measured at T points of time each are proposed which react upon the shape of the response curve. One procedure is based on the comparison of K T-tupels of FRIEDMAN-rank sums, the other on the comparison of K T × T-incidence tables, which first were introduced by KANNEMANN (1976). The application of the two procedures is illustrated by a numerical example. In the discussion the tests are compared with each other and with concurring tests.     

Evaluation of FORS-D Analysis: A Comparison with the Statistically Significant Stem-loop Potential

The stem-loop potential of a nucleic acid segment (expressed as a FONS value), decomposes into base composition-dependent and base order-dependent components. The latter, expressed as a FORS-D value, is derived by subtracting the value of the base composition-dependent component (FORS-M) from the FONS value. FORS-D analysis is the use of FORS-D values to estimate the potential of local base order to contribute to a stem-loop structure, and it has been used to investigate the relationship between stem-loop structure and other selective pressures on genomes. In the present study, we evaluated the reliability of FORS-D analysis by comparing it with statistically significant stem-loop potential, another robust method developed by Le and Maizel for examining stem-loop structure. We found that FORS-M values calculated using 10 randomized sequences are as reliable as those calculated using 100 randomized sequences. The resulting FORS-D values have a similar trend and distribution as statistically significant stem-loop potential, implying that FORS-D analysis is as reliable as the latter in measuring the distribution of base order-dependent stem-loop potential. Since the calculation of the FORS-M values is time consuming, the integrated program Bodslp developed by us will become a convenient tool for large-scale FORS-D analysis. The results also suggest that for some purposes the online program SigStb developed by Le and Maizel may be used as an alternative tool for FORS-D analysis. C. Y. Zhang and J. F. Wei contributed equally to this paper.     

A Comparison of the Unfolded Protein Response in Solid-State with Submerged Cultures of Aspergillus oryzae

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a regulatory system to maintain the homeostasis of ER functions. Here we report a comparison of express levels of UPR relevant genes in Aspergillus oryzae between solid-state and submerged cultivation. The results were that up-regulation of the UPR mechanism in solid-state culture was higher than in submerged culture (heat-shock or non-stress conditions). This might have been a result of changing culture conditions.     

对"功能反应函数为x的食饵——捕食系统的定性分析"一文的注记

重新分析了文[1]所讨论过的功能反应函数为x的捕食系统(1),分析了此系统在第一象限内轨线的拓朴结构,证明了系统(1)的唯一正平衡点如果不稳定,则存在唯一(稳定)极限环;如果稳定,则全局稳定于此正平衡点,纠正了文[1]中关于系统(1)极限环的存在性、稳定性等方面的一些结论.     

On the construction of bounds in prospective studies with missing ordinal outcomes: application to the good behavior game trial

This article is concerned with drawing inference about aspects of the population distribution of ordinal outcome data measured on a cohort of individuals on two occasions, where some subjects are missing their second measurement. We present two complementary approaches for constructing bounds under assumptions on the missing data mechanism considered plausible by scientific experts. We develop our methodology within the context of a randomized trial of the "Good Behavior Game," an intervention designed to reduce aggressive misbehavior among children.     

A New Nonparametric Approach to the Comparison of K Independent Samples of Response Curves II: A K Sample Generalization of the FRIEDMAN Test

A K sample generalization of the FRIEDMAN test (1937) is introduced which can be used as a nonparametric procedure for testing the homogeneity of the profiles of K independent samples of response curves measured at T identical points of time. While a similar procedure in LEHMACHER & WALL (1978), section 3, is based on T combined tests, each of them at level a/T, here a finite and asymptotic test is presented which is based on a single test statistic. The application of the new multivariate test is illustrated by the same numerical example as in LEHMACHER & WALL (1978). The properties of this test are discussed and compared with the combined test mentioned above.     

前列腺专一蛋白因子抑制雄激素受体与其应答元件作用

雄激素受体片段（氨基酸：３５９￣７３２）以及糖皮质激素受体片段（氨基酸：３９６￣５４８）以与ＧＳＴ融合形式在大肠杆菌中分别表达为ＧＳＴ－ＡＲ和ＧＳＴ－ＧＲ两种融合蛋白,它们含有ＤＮＡ结合结构域和一些旁侧氨基酸,凝胶阻滞分析表明能与雄激素／糖皮质激素应答元件（ＡＲＥ／ＧＲＥ）在体外结合。本文报道在大鼠前列腺中发现有抑制ＧＳＴ－ＡＲ以及ＧＳＴ－ＧＲ与ＡＲＥ／ＧＲＥ结合的因子,抑制作用与ＡＲＥ／ＧＲＥ来     

Impact of lek mating on the sterile insect technique: A modeling study

Modelling studies are presented which describe the effect of lek mating on the control of a wild population by sterile male release. The mixed leks are assumed to follow a Poisson-binomial distribution and the system includes three parts: territory defense, matings inside a lek and matings outside a lek. The effects of parameters on the hatchability are discussed. Among the parameters, sterile type effect (W_s), female choice (f_s) and mating competitiveness (C_m) are the most important. The application to determining the effects of sterile male release and on the proportion of sterile males required for eradication are also discussed.     

A causal proportional hazards estimator for the effect of treatment actually received in a randomized trial with all-or-nothing compliance

Survival data from randomized trials are most often analyzed in a proportional hazards (PH) framework that follows the intention-to-treat (ITT) principle. When not all the patients on the experimental arm actually receive the assigned treatment, the ITT-estimator mixes its effect on treatment compliers with its absence of effect on noncompliers. The structural accelerated failure time (SAFT) models of Robins and Tsiatis are designed to consistently estimate causal effects on the treated, without direct assumptions about the compliance selection mechanism. The traditional PH-model, however, has not yet led to such causal interpretation. In this article, we examine a PH-model of treatment effect on the treated subgroup. While potential treatment compliance is unobserved in the control arm, we derive an estimating equation for the Compliers PROPortional Hazards Effect of Treatment (C-PROPHET). The jackknife is used for bias correction and variance estimation. The method is applied to data from a recently finished clinical trial in cancer patients with liver metastases.     

Toward the Quantification of Predation with Predator Gut Immunoassays: A New Approach Integrating Functional Response Behavior

Immunological methods have been widely used to identify key predator species and qualitatively evaluate predation of target prey. However, despite the quantitative nature of many immunoassays, the translation to number of prey attacked has been problematic because of the many factors that confound interpretation of the strength of the immunoassay response. We developed a new predation model that couples the proportion of predators positive for prey remains determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), predator density, and predator functional response to prey density for estimating total prey attacked. We used single cotton plant arenas in the greenhouse to develop functional response models for two generalist predators, Geocoris punctipes (Say) and Orius insidiosus (Say), preying on Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) eggs. The model was validated and compared with other immunologically based predation models in multiple plant/multiple predator arenas. Our predation model was relatively accurate in predicting the total number of prey attacked by both predator species and was a significant improvement over previous models that rely on simple assumptions regarding predator attack rates. The model also improves the predictive capacity of the functional response model alone by correcting for the number of predators actually consuming prey. Sensitivity analyses indicated that model performance was most sensitive to accurate measurement of input variables such as temperature and the proportion of individuals positive for prey antigens by ELISA and less sensitive to changes in estimates of prey density. Accurate estimation of the functional response parameters is also important, especially for the behavioral parameter defining the decline in plant leaf area searched with increases in prey density. Limitations of the model and application to the field are discussed.     

The New Permeability Pathways Induced by the Malaria Parasite in the Membrane of the Infected Erythrocyte: Comparison of Results Using Different Experimental Techniques

The membrane of erythrocytes infected with malaria parasites is highly permeable to a large variety of solutes, including anions, carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleosides, organic and inorganic cations and small peptides. The altered permeability is presumed to be due to the activation of endogenous dormant channels, the new permeability pathways. The latter have been studied by different techniques—isosmotic lysis and tracer fluxes—and recently by patch-clamping. Here we analyze all available published data and we show that there is generally a good agreement between the two first methods. From the fluxes we calculate the number of channels per cell using reasonable assumptions as to the radius of the channel, and assuming that penetration through the channel is by diffusion through a water-filled space. The number of channels so calculated is <10 for most solutes, but ~400 for anions and the nucleosides thymidine and adenosine. This latter number is not far from that calculated from patch-clamp experiments. However, the anion flux measured directly by tracer is an order of magnitude larger than expected from conductance measurements. We conclude that the new permeability pathways consist of two types of channels; one is present in small number, and is charge- and size-selective. The other type is about 100-fold more abundant and is anion-selective, but does not admit non-electrolytes other than perhaps nucleosides.     

Measuring the Arousal Space of a Sit-and-Wait Predator: A Comparison of Predictive Models

The present study set out to compare two predictive models, Holling (1966) and Hardman and Turnbull (1980), to describe the arousal space for the aquatic sit-and-wait predator, Ranatra dispar. When tested in the horizontal plane the fit of Holling's model was good, although a better fit was achieved by using the untransformed angle of prey to body axis term . The second, multiple regression model, gave smaller residuals for low food deprivation periods but larger for longer periods. In the vertical plane the Holling model was unsatisfactory. It is suggested that the changes in number and size of ommatidia from dorsal to ventral region of the eye is largely responsible. A multiple regression model is described that predicts the arousal field of R. dispar in the vertical plane. It is suggested that the general applicability of such models to other visual predators is restricted if apparent hunger effects are not included in their development.     

革板螨属1新种和浩伦螨属1新种(蜱螨亚纲:中气门目:派盾螨科)

记述派盾螨科Parholaspidae2新种：拟阿革板螨Gamasholaspis imitakimotoi sp．nov．和福建浩伦螨Holaspulus fujianensis sp．nov．。