抗体药物的发展与应用

早期抗体药物是鼠源单克隆抗体,存在免疫原性强、半衰期短等问题。历经数十年的发展,抗体药物从最初的鼠源单抗,逐步发展为人鼠嵌合抗体、人源化抗体及全人源化抗体。通过片段重组、位点修饰、药物偶联等方法,科研人员研发了包括抗体融合蛋白、抗体偶联药物、双特异性抗体、小分子抗体片段等形式多样的抗体药物。抗体药物在恶性肿瘤、自身免疫病、感染性疾病的治疗上发挥重要作用。通过对抗体药物人源化历程,不同类型的抗体结构和特点,以及抗体药物在新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗中的应用进行综述,并对抗体药物的发展前景进行展望,以期为我国抗体药物的研发提供参考。     

我国抗体药物产业化发展的策略探讨

随着重组抗体药物展示出良好的治疗效果和市场效益,抗体药物的研发逐渐成为生物医药产业发展的主要方向。但是目前国内动物细胞表达水平普遍较低和发酵工艺落后的现状制约了我国抗体药物产业化的发展。主要综述了国际抗体药物产业的发展态势,重点比较二氢叶酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶表达体系、连续灌注和流加培养发酵模式的各自优势,结合我们抗体药物表达、发酵方面的经验,对当前我国抗体药物产业化发展策略进行了探讨,提出抗体药物产业化模式应根据企业对抗体产率、产能和市场经济学的多重考虑选择发酵工艺和发酵规模,应用谷氨酰胺合成酶/CHO-K1表达系统和连续灌注培养工艺可能更适应目前中国抗体产业化的需要。     

中国重组抗体药物发展的策略探讨

随着重组抗体药物展示出良好的治疗效果和市场效益,抗体药物的研发逐渐成为生物医药产业发展的主要方向。但是目前国内动物细胞表达水平普遍较低和发酵工艺落后的现状制约了我国抗体药物产业化的发展。本文主要综述了国际抗体药物产业的发展态势,重点比较二氢叶酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶表达体系、连续灌注和流加培养发酵模式的各自优势,结合我们抗体药物表达、发酵方面的经验,对当前我国抗体药物产业化发展策略进行了探讨,提出抗体药物产业化模式应根据企业对抗体产率、产能和市场经济学的多重考虑选择发酵工艺和发酵规模,应用谷氨酰胺合成酶/CHO-K1表达系统和连续灌注培养工艺可能更适应目前中国抗体产业化的需要。     

新冠病毒抗体药物研发进展及展望分析

抗体药物以其独特的作用机制和靶向性强、特异性好等优点,在恶性肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、感染类疾病的诊断和治疗中发挥着越来越重要的作用,成为国际创新药物研发的热点。新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情发生以来,国内外多家研究机构和企业正在加快推进新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)抗体药物的开发。在此情势下,认真分析抗体药物现状和趋势,梳理国内外新冠病毒抗体药物研究进展,明确我国当前抗体药物创新的机遇、挑战和建议,对加快我国药物自主创新研发具有重要意义。     

噬菌体抗体库技术在肿瘤抗体药物研究中的进展及应用

目的:综述噬菌体抗体库技术的研究进展,介绍该技术的原理,构建,筛选和应用,为抗肿瘤抗体药物研发提供参考。方法:采用文献综述的方法,筛选近5年来噬菌体抗体库技术试验论文,对噬菌体抗体库技术的原理,构建,筛选和应用进行总结。结果:噬菌体抗体库主要分为免疫抗体库和非免疫抗体库两大类;噬菌体抗体库筛选技术包括亲和筛选、细胞筛选和生物体内筛选三种;噬菌体抗体库技术主要应用于肿瘤标志物的识别和肿瘤诊断,抗肿瘤抗体药物的筛选和制备。结论:噬菌体抗体库技术方便、快速、高效,可以在体外环境下培养,这些特点决定了其在肿瘤标志物的发现和肿瘤抗体药物研发中的广泛应用。目前噬菌体抗体库技术还存在一定缺陷,但技术的不断发展和革新必然使噬菌体抗体库技术成为研制抗体药物的新思路,极大促进了肿瘤抗体药物的研发。     

抗体偶联药物的研究进展与质量控制

抗体偶联药物（antibody-drug conjugates,ADC）因其良好的靶向性及抗癌活性目前已成为抗肿瘤抗体药物研发的新热点和重要趋势,受到越来越多的关注。ADC药物由单克隆抗体、高效应的细胞毒性物质以及连接臂三部分组成,它将抗体的靶向性与细胞毒性药物的抗肿瘤作用相结合,可以降低细胞毒性抗肿瘤药物的不良反应,提高肿瘤治疗的选择性,还能更好地应对靶向单抗的耐药性问题。与传统单抗药物相比,因其结构复杂,ADC药物质量属性分析方法的建立具有更大的难度和特殊性。对抗体偶联药物的研发现状、质量属性分析方法和挑战以及质量控制要点进行了简要介绍,为ADC药物的研究和质量控制提供参考。     

基于专利分析的生物医药技术发展研究

以德温特世界专利索引 (Derwent World Patents Index) 中收录的1980—2012年全球范围内申请的生物医药相关专利数据为基础,使用Thomson Innovation工具,通过计量排序、可视化聚类、引证统计等分析方法,揭示了生物医药4大领域——抗体药物、疫苗、核酸药物及干细胞技术的发展现状和趋势,以期为我国生物医药企业研发策略及宏观产业政策的制定提供有价值的参考。     

治疗性单抗与抗体产业关键技术

抗体技术历经动物血清多克隆抗体、杂交瘤单克隆抗体,以及重组基因工程抗体等不同发展时期,尤其是后者使得治疗性抗体的生产进入产业化阶段.在已上市的抗体药物中,人源化抗体、全人源抗体由于免疫原性小,临床药效好,目前已经成为抗体药物的主流.随着抗体药物在癌症、免疫调节等治疗领域的广泛应用.抗体产业已经成为国际制药行业的主要组成部分.我国的抗体产业由于品种不足、技术落后,尚处于起步阶段,其行业发展受限于诸多技术瓶颈,如:工程细胞系构建与筛选、大规模培养工艺开发,单抗的纯化与质控等,上述产业化关键技术的突破可加快我国抗体产业的发展进程.     

治疗性抗体药物差异化研发策略

治疗性抗体药物在临床上取得了巨大的成功,然而在有效性和安全性方面还有待提高,同时药物靶点过于集中造成了重复开发、资源浪费等问题。因此,医药企业在研发抗体药物时需要探寻差异化的研发策略,从而在激烈的市场竞争中生存和发展。文中从药物的来源、结构形式、靶点选择、药物作用机制和差异化药物特性等方面探讨了治疗性抗体药物的差异化研发策略。     

我国医药产业的未来与投资

我国医药产业的发展正在经历一个由国内市场销售、生产制造、仿药市场过渡到以资本市场为动力,独家与专利产品为后盾,国际市场为效益的快速发展阶段。新兴的药物研发外包服务、医疗器械以及即将发展的医院及医院管理产业都将得到资本市场的大力支持。企业的发展已进入一个发展战略、资本注入、产业整合与市场销售为一体的新的里程。同时我国健康产业的竞争也更加激烈。2006年以来我国已经有6家医药企业完成了在美国的上市并得到了国际资本市场的关注（参见表1）。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.