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1.
Agrobacterium-mediated engineering for sheath blight resistance of indica rice cultivars from different ecosystems 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
K. Datta Z. Koukolíková-Nicola N. Baisakh N. Oliva S.K. Datta 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,100(6):832-839
A concise T-DNA element was engineered containing the rice class-I chitinase gene expressed under the control of CaMV35S and the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hph) as a selectable marker. The binary plasmid vector pNO1 with the T-DNA element containing these genes of interest was mobilized
to Agrobacterium
tumefaciens strain LBA4404 to act as an efficient donor of T-DNA in the transformation of three different indica rice cultivars from
different ecosystems. Many morphologically normal, fertile transgenic plants from these rice cultivars were generated after
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using 3-week-old scutella calli as initial explants. Stable integration, inheritance and expression
of the chimeric chitinase gene were demonstrated by Southern blot and Western blot analysis of the transformants. Bioassay data showed that transgenic
plants can restrict the growth of the sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. Bioassay results were correlated with the molecular analysis. Although we obtained similar results upon DNA-mediated transformation,
this report shows the potential of the cost-effective, simple Agrobacterium system for genetic manipulation of rice cultivars with a pathogenesis-related (PR) gene.
Received: 26 July 1999 / Accepted: 27 August 1999 相似文献
2.
K. Datta R. Velazhahan N. Oliva I. Ona T. Mew G. S. Khush S. Muthukrishnan S. K. Datta 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,98(6-7):1138-1145
A 1.1-kb DNA fragment containing the coding region of a thaumatin-like protein (TLP-D34), a member of the PR-5 group, was
cloned into the rice transformation vector pGL2, under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter. The Indica rice cultivars, ‘Chinsurah
Boro II’, ‘IR72’, and ‘IR51500’ were transformed with the tlp gene construct by PEG-mediated direct gene transfer to protoplasts and by biolistic transformation using immature embryos.
The presence of the chimeric gene in T0, T1, and T2 transgenic plants was detected by Southern blot analysis. The presence of the expected 23-kDa TLP in transgenic plants was
confirmed by Western blot analysis and by staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue. Bioassays of transgenic plants challenged
with the sheath blight pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani, indicated that over-expression of TLP resulted in enhanced resistance compared to control plants.
Received: 11 August 1998 / Accepted: 26 August 1998 相似文献
3.
Pyramiding Xa23 and Rxo1 for resistance to two bacterial diseases into an elite indica rice variety using molecular approaches 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yong-Li Zhou Jian-Long Xu Shao-Chuan Zhou Jing Yu Xue-Wen Xie Mei-Rong Xu Yong Sun Ling-Hua Zhu Bin-Ying Fu Yong-Ming Gao Zhi-Kang Li 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2009,23(2):279-287
Rice bacterial leaf blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas
oryzae pv. oryzae and bacterial leaf streak (BLS) caused by X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) are two important diseases of rice that often outbreak simultaneously and constrain rice production in much of Asia and
parts of Africa. Developing resistant cultivars has been the most effective approach to control BB, however, most single resistance
genes have limited value in breeding programs because of their narrow-spectrum of resistance to the races of the pathogen.
By contrast, there is little progress in breeding varieties resistant to Xoc since BLS resistance in rice was a quantitative trait and so far only a few quantitative resistance loci have been identified.
We reported here the development of a high yield elite line, Lu-You-Zhan highly resistant to both BB and BLS by pyramiding
Xa23 with a wide-spectrum resistance to BB derived from wild rice and a non-host maize resistance gene, Rxo1, using both marker assisted selection (MAS) and genetic engineering. Our study has provided strong evidence that non-host
R genes could be a valuable source of resistance in combating those plant diseases where no single R gene controlling high
level of resistance exists and demonstrated that MAS combined with transgenic technologies are an effective strategy to achieve
high level of resistance against multiple plant diseases.
Y-L Zhou and J-L Xu contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
4.
Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling sheath blight resistance in two rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
J. H. Zou X. B. Pan Z. X. Chen J. Y. Xu J. F. Lu W. X. Zhai L. H. Zhu 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,101(4):569-573
Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, is one of the three major diseases of rice. The present study was conducted with an F2 clonal population of Jasmine 85/Lemont. The F2 population, including 128 clonal families, was inoculated by short toothpicks incubated with a strain, RH-9 of the fungus.
Based on field disease evaluations in 2 years and a genetic map with 118 evenly distributed molecular markers, we identified
six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to sheath blight resistance. These QTLs, qSB-2, qSB-3, qSB-7, qSB-9-1, qSB-9-2
and qSB-11, were located on chromosomes 2, 3, 7, 9 and 11, respectively. The respective alleles of qSB-2, qSB-3, qSB-7, and
qSB-9-2 from Jasmine 85 could explain 21.2%, 26.5%, 22.2% and 10.1% of the total phenotypic variation, respectively; while
the alleles of qSB-9-1 and qSB-11 from Lemont could explain 9.8% and 31.2% of the total phenotypic variation. Of these qSB-2
and qSB-11 could be detected in both years, while remaining loci were detected only in a single year. Furthermore, four QTLs
(qHD-2, qHD-3, qHD-5 and qHD-7) controlling heading date and three QTLs (qPH-3, qPH-4 and qPH-11) controlling plant height
were also identified. Though rice sheath blight resistance may be influenced by morphological traits, such as heading date
and plant height, in the present study most detected resistance loci were not linked to the loci for heading date or plant
height.
Received: 1 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 January 2000 相似文献
5.
Pyramiding of bacterial blight resistance genes in rice: marker-assisted selection using RFLP and PCR 总被引:56,自引:0,他引:56
N. Huang E. R. Angeles J. Domingo G. Magpantay S. Singh G. Zhang N. Kumaravadivel J. Bennett G. S. Khush 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(3):313-320
DNA marker-assisted selection was used to pyramid four bacterial blight resistance genes, Xa-4, xa-5, xa-13 and Xa-21. Breeding lines with two, three and four resistance genes were developed and tested for resistance to the bacterial blight
pathogen (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae). The pyramid lines showed a wider spectrum and a higher level of resistance than lines with only a single gene. To speed
up the gene pyramiding process and to facilitate future marker-aided selection, we developed PCR markers for the two recessive
genes, xa-5 and xa-13, and used these to survey a range of rice germplasm. The results of the germplasm survey will be useful for the selection
of parents in breeding programs aimed at transferring these bacterial blight resistance genes from one varietal background
to another.
Received: 6 December 1996/Accepted: 20 December 1996 相似文献
6.
【目的】水稻白叶枯病是一种严重危害水稻的细菌性病害,培育抗性品种是治理该病害的重要途径。因此,明确云南水稻材料对检疫性病害水稻白叶枯病的抗性,可以为该病害的防治与监测、水稻栽培的合理布局和良好抗性资源的获取提供依据。【方法】采用剪叶接种法测定云南稻区30个品种对7个不同致病型白叶枯病菌的抗性。【结果】在供试的30个云南水稻品种中,2个品种(玉粳16和JS42糯稻)对7个不同致病型菌株均表现为抗性;15个品种对7个致病型菌株均表现感病;对HEN11、SCYC-6、YN7、YN11、FUJ、YN241和PX099等7个致病型菌株表现抗性的水稻品种分别占26.67%、16.67%、23.33%、13.33%、6.67%、10.00%和20.00%。此外,区试材料的抗性比例高于主栽品种,地方稻未发现抗性品种。【结论】现在生产上的大部分水稻品种对优势致病型病原菌入侵的抵抗能力降低甚至丧失。针对云南地区的优势致病小种FUJ筛选得到2个抗性品种:玉粳16和JS42糯稻。 相似文献
7.
Pyramiding transgenes for multiple resistance in rice against bacterial blight,yellow stem borer and sheath blight 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Datta K Baisakh N Thet KM Tu J Datta SK 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2002,104(1):1-8
The present investigation revealed that the alk and gel(t) genes, which cause the differences between a japonica rice variety Nipponbare and an indica rice variety Kasalath in terms of the disintegration of endosperm starch granules in alkali solution and their gelatinisation
in a 4 M urea solution, respectively, cosegregated in backcross inbred lines derived from a cross between the two varieties.
The segregation pattern of the profile for amylopectin chain-length, which was distinguished by enrichment in short chains
of DP≦11 and depletion in intermediate-size chains of 12≦DP≦24 in japonica as compared with indica, was exactly the same as those of the above physico-chemical properties of starch granules, and the gene was designated as
acl(t). Gene-mapping analysis showed that the starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) gene is located at the alk locus on chromosome 6 in the rice genome. These results lead us to the possibility that different alleles of the SSIIa gene are responsible for differences in amylopectin structure between the two varieties, in that SSIIa plays a distinct role
in the elongation of short chains within clusters (A+B1 chains) of amylopectin. It is proposed that the activity of SSIIa in japonica rice is reduced in amount or functional capacity relative to the activity of this enzyme in indica rice. This, in turn, would explain why starch from japonica rice has a lower gelatinisation temperature than starch from indica rice and is more susceptible to disintegration in alkali or urea. The evidence for this hypothesis is that the alk(t), gel(t), acl(t) and SSIIa genes all map to the same locus.
Received: 29 January 2001 / Accepted: 12 April 2001 相似文献
8.
Particle-bombardment-mediated co-transformation of elite Chinese rice cultivars with genes conferring resistance to bacterial blight and sap-sucking insect pests 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Kexuan Tang Porntip Tinjuangjun Yanan Xu Xiaofen Sun John A. Gatehouse Pamela C. Ronald Huaxiong Qi Xinggui Lu Paul Christou Ajay Kohli 《Planta》1999,208(4):552-563
9.
水稻白叶枯病和水稻细菌性条斑病是由稻黄单胞细菌(Xanthomonas oryzae)不同致病变种引起的两种最重要的水稻细菌性病害。发掘和利用抗性基因,培育抗病品种是防治这两种病害的最有效手段之一。本文分别综述了这两种高度相关的病害的抗性遗传研究进展,包括已发掘和利用的主效抗性基因特点及目前国内外对这两种病害的抗性QTL定位研究进展,为水稻抗白叶枯病和细菌性条斑病育种研究提供有用信息。 相似文献
10.
Pyramiding three bacterial blight resistance genes (xa5, xa13 and Xa21) using marker-assisted selection into indica rice cultivar PR106 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
S. Singh J. S. Sidhu N. Huang Y. Vikal Z. Li D. S. Brar H. S. Dhaliwal G. S. Khush 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,102(6-7):1011-1015
Bacterial blight (BB) of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a major disease of rice in several countries. Three BB resistance genes, xa5, xa13 and Xa21, were pyramided into cv. PR106, which is widely grown in Punjab, India, using marker-assisted selection. Lines of PR106 with
pyramided genes were evaluated after inoculation with 17 isolates of the pathogen from the Punjab and six races of Xoo from the Philippines. Genes in combinations were found to provide high levels of resistance to the predominant Xoo isolates from the Punjab and six races from the Philippines. Lines of PR106 with two and three BB resistance genes were also
evaluated under natural conditions at 31 sites in commercial fields. The combination of genes provided a wider spectrum of
resistance to the pathogen population prevalent in the region; Xa21 was the most effective, followed by xa5. Resistance gene xa13 was the least effective against Xoo. Only 1 of the BB isolates, PX04, was virulent on the line carrying Xa21 but avirulent on the lines having xa5 and xa13 genes in combination with Xa21.
Received: 26 May 2000 / Accepted: 16 August 2000 相似文献
11.
Genetic mapping of resistance to bacterial blight disease in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
V. Jorge M. A. Fregene M. C. Duque M. W. Bonierbale J. Tohme V. Verdier 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,101(5-6):865-872
Cassava bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam), is a major disease of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Africa and South America. Planting resistant varieties is the preferred method of disease control. Recent genetic
mapping of an F1 cross (TMS 30572 × CM 2177–2) led to the construction of the first molecular genetic map of cassava. To better understand
the genetics of resistance to CBB, we evaluated individuals of the F1 cross for CBB resistance by controlled greenhouse inoculations and visually assessed symptoms on days 7, 15, and 30 days
after inoculation, using a scale where 0 = no disease and 5 = maximum susceptibility. Five Xam strains were used: CIO-84, CIO-1, CIO-136, CIO-295, and ORST X-27. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was used
as a quantitative measure of resistance in QTL analysis by single-marker regression. Based on the AUDPC values, eight QTLs
(quantitative trait loci), located on linkage groups B, D, L, N, and X of the female-derived framework map, were found to
explain 9–20% of the phenotypic variance of the crop’s response to the five Xam strains. With the male-derived framework map, four QTLs on linkage groups G and C explained 10.7–27.1% of the variance. A
scheme to confirm the usefulness of these markers in evaluating segregating populations for resistance to CBB is proposed.
Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 30 December 1999 相似文献
12.
Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is one of the most important diseases affecting rice production in Asia. We were interested in surveying rice genotypes that are popularly used in the Indian breeding program for conferring resistance to bacterial blight, using 11 STMS and 6 STS markers. The basis of selection of these DNA markers was their close linkage to xa5, xa13, and Xa21 genes and their positions on the rice genetic map relative to bacterial blight resistance genes. Eight lines were found to contain the xa5 gene while two lines contained Xa21 gene and none of the lines contained the xa13 gene with the exception of its near-isogenic line. Using the polymorphic markers obtained in the initial survey, marker-assisted selection was performed in the F3 population of a cross between IR-64 and IET-14444 to detect lines containing multiple resistance genes. Of the 59 progeny lines analyzed, eight lines contained both the resistance genes, xa5 and Xa4. 相似文献
13.
Zohreh Nassimi 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2017,27(2):252-267
In this study, the effect of endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica on Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA, causal agent of sheath blight disease, was investigated. In addition, plant defence responses activated in P. indica-inoculated rice plants were analysed. Two-week-old seedlings were inoculated by dipping their roots in P. indica chlamydospore suspension and transferred to pots containing sterilized soil. After two weeks, the seedlings pre-inoculated with P. indica were inoculated with R. solani. Statistical analysis of biological indicators showed that application of P. indica increased both fresh and dry weight of rice shoots and roots, compared to those of uninoculated healthy controls and the samples only inoculated with R. solani. Accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and activity of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) in plants inoculated with P. indica, R. solani, and P. indica-R. solani were investigated. The obtained results revealed that P. indica not only increased the plant biomass, but also delayed the infection process of R. solani and decreased sheath blight severity. Decreased severity of the disease was associated with decreased levels of H2O2 and increased SOD activity. Considering the necessity of reducing fungicide application, using P. indica in seedling bed before transplantation to the field could be a novel and effective method to increase rice production and decrease sheath blight progress. 相似文献
14.
Kutubuddin A. Molla Subhasis Karmakar Johiruddin Molla Prasad Bajaj Rajeev K. Varshney Swapan K. Datta Karabi Datta 《Plant biotechnology journal》2020,18(4):895-915
Rice sheath blight disease, caused by the basidiomycetous necrotroph Rhizoctonia solani, became one of the major threats to the rice cultivation worldwide, especially after the adoption of high‐yielding varieties. The pathogen is challenging to manage because of its extensively broad host range and high genetic variability and also due to the inability to find any satisfactory level of natural resistance from the available rice germplasm. It is high time to find remedies to combat the pathogen for reducing rice yield losses and subsequently to minimize the threat to global food security. The development of genetic resistance is one of the alternative means to avoid the use of hazardous chemical fungicides. This review mainly focuses on the effort of better understanding the host–pathogen relationship, finding the gene loci/markers imparting resistance response and modifying the host genome through transgenic development. The latest development and trend in the R. solani–rice pathosystem research with gap analysis are provided. 相似文献
15.
16.
Combining bacterial blight resistance and Basmati quality characteristics by phenotypic and molecular marker-assisted selection in rice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Joseph M. Gopalakrishnan S. Sharma R.K. Singh V.P. Singh A.K. Singh N.K. Mohapatra T. 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2004,13(4):377-387
Bacterial Blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is a major disease of rice in tropical Asia. Since all the Basmati varieties are highly susceptible and the disease is prevalent in the entire Basmati growing region of India, BB is a severe constraint in Basmati rice production. The present study was undertaken with the objective of combining the important Basmati quality traits with resistance to BB by a combination of phenotypic and molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS). Screening of 13 near-isogenic lines of rice against four isolates of the pathogen from Basmati growing regions identified the Xa4, xa8, xa13 and Xa21 effective against all the isolates tested. Two or more of these genes in combination imparted enhanced resistance as expressed by reduced average lesion length in comparison to individual genes. The two-gene pyramid line IRBB55 carrying xa13 and Xa21 was found equally effective as three/four gene pyramid lines. The two BB resistance genes present in IRBB55 were combined with the Basmati quality traits of Pusa Basmati-1 (PB-1), the most popular high yielding Basmati rice variety used as recurrent parent. Phenotypic selection for disease resistance, agronomic and Basmati quality characteristics and marker-assisted selection for the two resistance genes were carried out in BC1F1, BC1F2 and BC1F3 generations. Background analysis using 252 polymorphic amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers detected 80.4 to 86.7% recurrent parent alleles in BC1F3 selections. Recombinants having enhanced resistance to BB, Basmati quality and desirable agronomic traits were identified, which can either be directly developed into commercial varieties or used as immediate donors of BB resistance in Basmati breeding programs. 相似文献
17.
《Comptes rendus biologies》2019,342(5-6):142-153
Ranbir Basmati is one of the traditional Basmati varieties of India and of the most popular traditional Basmati variety grown in Jammu's region (State of Jammu & Kashmir). It is a tall and short-duration variety with strong aroma and excellent cooking quality. However, it is susceptible to bacterial blight (BB) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) and prone to lodging. In this study, semi-dwarf (sd1) and BB resistance genes (Xa21 and xa13) were introgressed into Ranbir Basmati using marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) scheme. A high-yielding PAU148 carrying Xa21, xa13 and sd1 genes was used as a donor parent. On each generation target, genes were selected, while polymorphic SSR markers were used to select plants having maximum recovery of the recurrent genome. The maximum genome recovery of Ranbir Basmati in BC2F2 was 86.9% in introgressed line SBTIL121. The genotypes carrying resistant genes exhibited very high levels of tolerance against BB disease along with good Basmati rice grain quality traits. The agronomic traits of introgressed lines evaluated in the field and the laboratory showed that most of the agro-morphological traits were similar or superior to Ranbir Basmati. The identified lines can be further evaluated and released as Improved Ranbir Basmati variety. 相似文献
18.
Microsatellite and sequence-tagged site markers diagnostic for the rice bacterial leaf blight resistance gene xa-5 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
M. W. Blair S. R. McCouch 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(1-2):174-184
Microsatellite and sequence-tagged site (STS) markers tightly linked to the bacterial leaf blight (BLB) resistance gene xa-5 were identified in this study. A survey was conducted to find molecular markers that detected polymorphisms between the resistant
(IRBB5) and susceptible (‘IR24’) nearly isogenic lines for xa-5, and between Chinsurah Boro II (CBII), an alternative source of xa-5, and a widely planted variety (‘IR64’) that lacks xa-5. Two F2 populations, from the crosses ‘IR24’×IRBB5 and CBIIבIR64’, were used to estimate linkage based on marker genotype and reaction
to disease inoculation with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Two RFLP clones, RZ390 and RG556, were found to co-segregate with xa-5 and were converted into STS markers. A microsatellite marker, RM390, was developed based on a simple sequence repeat in the
5′ untranslated region of the cDNA probe, RZ390, and found to co-segregate with resistance. Two other microsatellites, RM122
and RM13, were located 0.4 cM and 14.1 cM away from xa-5. A germplasm survey of diverse lines containing BLB resistance genes using automated fluorescent detection indicated the
range of allelic diversity for each of the microsatellite loci linked to xa-5 and confirmed their usefulness in following genes through the narrow crosses typical of a breeding program. The limited number
of alleles observed at the microsatellite loci linked to the resistance gene in 35 xa-5-containing accessions suggested either a single ancestral origin or a few independent origins of the xa-5 gene. PCR-based markers, like the ones developed in this study, are economical and easy to use, and have applicability in
efforts to pyramid the recessive xa-5 gene with other BLB resistance genes.
Received: 27 September 1996/Accepted: 7 February 1997 相似文献
19.
Raman M. Sundaram M. R. Vishnupriya Gouri S. Laha N. Shobha Rani P. Srinivasa Rao Sena M. Balachandran Gajjala Ashok Reddy Nukala P. Sarma Ramesh V. Sonti Dr. 《Biotechnology journal》2009,4(3):400-407
Bacterial blight (BB) is a serious disease of rice in India. We have used molecular marker-assisted selection in a backcross breeding program to introgress three genes (Xa21, xa13, and xa5) for BB resistance into Triguna, a mid-early duration, high yielding rice variety that is susceptible to BB. At each generation in the backcross program, molecular markers were used to select plants possessing these resistance genes and to select plants that have maximum contribution from the Triguna genome. A selected BC3F1 plant was selfed to generate homozygous BC3F2 plants with different combinations of BB resistance genes. Plants containing the two-gene combination, Xa21 and xa13, were found to exhibit excellent resistance against BB. Single plant selections for superior agronomic characteristics were performed on the progeny of these plants, from BC3F3 generation onwards. The selected plants were subjected to yield trials at the BC3F8 generation and were found to have a significant yield advantage over Triguna. The newly developed lines are being entered into national multi-location field trials. This work represents a successful example of the application of molecular marker-assisted selection for BB resistance breeding in rice. 相似文献
20.
Rice bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonasoryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo), is one of the most serious rice diseases worldwide. The bacterial blight resistance trait from Oryza meyeriana, a wild rice species, was introduced into an elite japonica rice cultivar using asymmetric somatic hybridization. This study was carried out with the intention of understanding the molecular mechanism of incompatible interaction between Xoo and the stable somatic hybrids by using proteomic analyses. Proteins were extracted from leaves at 24, 48, and 72 h after Xoo inoculation and separated by 2-DE. A total of 77 protein spots changed their intensities significantly (p<0.05) by more than 1.5-fold at least at one time point. Sixty-four protein spots were successfully identified by MS analysis. Among them, 51 were known to be involved in photosynthesis. Up-regulation of Rubisco large subunit (RcbL) small fragments and down-regulation of RcbL big fragments indicated that intact RcbL and RcbL big fragments degraded following Xoo attack, which was further confirmed by Western blot analysis. The differential expression of proteins related to signal transduction, antioxidant defense, photosynthesis, metabolism, and protein turnover during the Xoo infection, suggests the existence of a complex regulatory network in the somatic hybrid rice that increases resistance toward Xoo infection and damage. 相似文献