顺乌头酸酶基因在杀雄剂SQ-1诱导小麦雄性不育花药中的表达分析

采用RT-PCR技术,克隆了小麦胞质顺乌头酸酶基因(cACO)部分cDNA序列.该cDNA序列长1368bp,编码456个氨基酸,GenBank登录号为GU475062.半定量RT-PCR结果表明,在生理型不育和可育花药发育的单核早期至三核期,cACO基因的表达水平均表现为先升后降;在生理型不育花药发育的单核晚期cACO基因表达水平与同期可育花药相比显著升高,到二核期和三核期明显降低,ACO酶活性变化表现出相同趋势.这反映出在小麦生理型不育系中,cACO基因在花药败育关键期异常表达可能影响了花药发育过程中正常的能量供应和物质代谢,导致花粉发育能量不足和所需物质匮乏,从而导致了非遗传型花药败育现象.     

基因芯片分析杀雄剂SQ-1诱导小麦生理型雄性不育的基因差异表达

为揭示小麦生理型雄性不育的分子机理,更好地为小麦杂种优势利用提供理论依据和技术支撑,本研究以SQ-1诱导的西农558生理型雄性不育的花药为试验材料,以未经SQ-1处理的西农558的花药为对照,利用基因芯片技术对两者的基因表达差异进行了分析,并对部分基因运用半定量PCR技术进行了验证.结果表明,在55 052个转录本中, 两材料间差异表达的转录本有2 052条, 其中1 294个基因表达上调,758个基因表达下调.功能分类表明这些基因主要参与了毒性物质响应、逆境响应、多糖代谢及信号转导等重要生命过程.为验证芯片数据的可信性, 利用cDNA半定量 PCR 法对11个差异表达显著的基因(Ta.116, Ta.5629, TaAffx.122333, Ta.30726, Ta.13682, Ta.4057, Ta.4101, Ta.4139, Ta.11957, Ta.25934, Ta.27552) 进行验证.结果证明,无论是上调表达的还是下调表达的基因,其表达模式都与基因芯片的检测结果的一致.这些基因可作为育性相关候选基因开展下一步研究.     

杀雄剂SQ-1诱导小麦雄性不育花粉粒差异蛋白质组学研究

采用固相pH梯度/SDS-PAGE双向凝胶电泳对经杀雄剂SQ-1处理和未处理的小麦(Triticum aestivum)成熟期花粉总蛋白质进行了分离, 银染显色, 获得了分辨率和重复性较好的双向电泳图谱. 通过PDQuest 2DE图像软件的分析, 在等电点4～7之间可识别350个以上较为清晰的蛋白质点, 其中差异表达明显的蛋白质点数为21个. 将11个差异点采用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱进行了肽质量指纹图谱分析, 采用Mascot软件在Swiss-prot数据库查询, 鉴定出了7个蛋白质, 它们分别是液泡转化酶、动力蛋白轻链TCTEX-1、锰超氧化物歧化酶、果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、凝集素蛋白激酶和一种未知功能的蛋白. 对已知蛋白的功能进行分析, 推测杀雄剂SQ-1诱导小麦雄性不育可能与能量代谢失衡、淀粉合成受抑制、活性氧积累、细胞凋亡以及花器官发育调节基因作用失控等有关.     

Abnormal Development of Tapetum and Microspores Induced by Chemical Hybridization Agent SQ-1 in Wheat

Chemical hybridization agent (CHA)-induced male sterility is an important tool in crop heterosis. To demonstrate that CHA-SQ-1-induced male sterility is associated with abnormal tapetal and microspore development, the cytology of CHA-SQ-1-treated plant anthers at various developmental stages was studied by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay and DAPI staining. The results indicated that the SQ-1-treated plants underwent premature tapetal programmed cell death (PCD), which was initiated at the early-uninucleate stage of microspore development and continued until the tapetal cells were completely degraded; the process of microspore development was then blocked. Microspores with low-viability (fluorescein diacetate staining) were aborted. The study suggests that premature tapetal PCD is the main cause of pollen abortion. Furthermore, it determines the starting period and a key factor in CHA-SQ-1-induced male sterility at the cell level, and provides cytological evidence to further study the mechanism between PCD and male sterility.