Effects of heat stress on antioxidant defense system,inflammatory injury,and heat shock proteins of Muscovy and Pekin ducks: evidence for differential thermal sensitivities

Rising temperatures are severely affecting the mortality, laying performance, and meat quality of duck. Our aim was to investigate the effect of acute heat stress on the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs: HSP90, 70, 60, 40, and 10) and inflammatory factors (nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)) and antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehybe (MDA), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)) in livers of ducks and to compare the thermal tolerance of Pekin and Muscovy ducks exposed to acute heat stress. Ducks were exposed to heat at 39 ± 0.5 °C for 1 h and then returned to 20 °C for 1 h followed by a 3-h recovery period. The liver and other tissues were collected from each individual for analysis. The mRNA levels of HSPs (70, 60, and 40) increased in both species, except for HSP10, which was upregulated in Muscovy ducks and had no difference in Pekin ducks after heat stress. Simultaneously, the mRNA level of HSP90 decreased in the stress group in both species. Morphological analysis indicated that heat stress induced tissue injury in both species, and the liver of Pekin ducks was severely damaged. The activities of several antioxidant enzymes increased in Muscovy duck liver, but decreased in Pekin duck. The mRNA levels of inflammatory factors were increased after heat stress in both duck species. These results suggested that heat stress could influence HSPs, inflammatory factors expression, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, the differential response to heat stress indicated that the Muscovy duck has a better thermal tolerance than does the Pekin duck.     

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of the Hepatic Response to Heat Stress in Muscovy and Pekin Ducks: Insight into Thermal Tolerance Related to Energy Metabolism

The Pekin duck, bred from the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) in china, is one of the most famous meat duck species in the world. However, it is more sensitive to heat stress than Muscovy duck, which is believed to have originated in South America. With temperature raising, mortality, laying performance, and meat quality of the Pekin duck are severely affected. This study aims to uncover the temperature-dependent proteins of two duck species using comparative proteomic approach. Duck was cultured under 39°C ± 0.5°C for 1 h, and then immediately returned to 20°C for a 3 h recovery period, the liver proteins were extracted and electrophoresed in two-dimensional mode. After analysis of gel images, 61 differentially expressed proteins were detected, 54 were clearly identified by MALDI TOF/TOF MS. Of the 54 differentially expressed protein spots identified, 7 were found in both species, whereas 47 were species specific (25 in Muscovy duck and 22 in Pekin duck). As is well known, chaperone proteins, such as heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and HSP10, were abundantly up-regulated in both species in response to heat stress. However, we also found that several proteins, such as α-enolase, and S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, showed different expression patterns in the 2 duck species. The enriched biological processes were grouped into 3 main categories according to gene ontology analysis: cell death and apoptosis (20.93%), amino acid metabolism (13.95%) and oxidation reduction (20.93%). The mRNA levels of several differentially expressed protein were investigated by real-time RT-PCR. To our knowledge, this study is the first to provide insights into the differential expression of proteins following heat stress in ducks and enables better understanding of possible heat stress response mechanisms in animals.     

草地贪夜蛾雄性成虫和5龄幼虫的转录组比较分析

【目的】草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda是一种新近入侵我国的重要害虫。本研究旨在对草地贪夜蛾雄性成虫和5龄幼虫两个不同发育阶段的转录组进行比较分析。【方法】利用高通量测序技术对草地贪夜蛾雄性成虫和5龄幼虫进行转录组测序和数据组装,并对转录组数据进行功能注释和比较分析。【结果】经de novo组装共获得209 002条转录本,平均长度为687.55 bp,N50为982 bp。共有46 198条(57.43%) unigene在至少一个数据库中获得功能注释,其中1 713条(2.13%) unigene在所有数据库中均能获得注释。在GO数据库中获得205 269条unigene的注释,主要包括68个功能分类;在KEGG数据库中共有3 408条unigene得到注释,涉及277个代谢通路。共鉴定到424个嗅觉相关的基因,并且在雄性成虫和5龄幼虫之间的表达存在差异。通过比较转录组分析,在雄性成虫中鉴定到9 162个上调和6 399个下调差异表达基因(DEGs);功能富集分析发现在上调DEGs中涉及信息素以及信号转导的代谢通路显著富集,而下调DEGs中涉及解毒相关的通路显著富集。【结论】这些转录组数据为探究草地贪夜蛾的生长发育、嗅觉相关功能基因以及候选分子靶标提供资源信息。     

黑须污蝇不同发育阶段转录组及嗅觉相关基因分析

【目的】建立黑须污蝇Wohlfahrtia magnifica转录组数据库,挖掘黑须污蝇基因数据,为更深入地研究双峰驼阴道蝇蛆病提供理论依据。【方法】采用高通量测序平台Illumina HiseqTM4000对黑须污蝇幼虫、蛹和成虫进行转录组测序,并进行生物信息学分析。利用黑须污蝇幼虫、蛹和成虫转录组数据,通过基因差异表达分析以及GO功能显著性富集分析的方法筛选出嗅觉相关基因,并通过荧光定量PCR技术对黑须污蝇幼虫、蛹和成虫中OBP99b,OBP56a和OBP99a 3个嗅觉相关基因表达水平进行验证。【结果】结果显示,每个黑须污蝇样本的转录组数据量在4.96 Gb以上,G+C含量在35.35%以上,Q20含量在97%以上。与NCBInr, GO, KEGG, Pfam, Swiss-Prot和eggNOG数据库进行对比,共注释到73 303条unigenes。其中eggNOG数据库注释到的unigenes最多,为35 066条,分布在23个蛋白功能中,其中的翻译修饰、蛋白质周转的unigenes所占比例较大;GO数据库注释到的unigenes数为29 193条,功能包括分子功能、细胞组分、生物学过程三大类50个分支,其中参与生物学过程和氧化还原过程的unigenes比例较大;KEGG数据库注释到的unigenes数为15 068条,其中参与信号转导过程的unigenes比例较大。上述数据表明该转录组测序结果较好,为后续研究奠定了基础。依据黑须污蝇幼虫、蛹、成虫转录组数据筛选到30个嗅觉相关基因,其中包含9个气味结合蛋白(OBP)基因,进一步基因注释发现OBP99b,OBP56a和OBP99a基因在黑须污蝇不同发育阶段表达差异显著(|log2FC|>1,P<0.05),这在荧光定量PCR分析结果中得到了验证。【结论】本研究获得了黑须污蝇幼虫、蛹和成虫转录组数据,筛选出黑须污蝇各发育阶段嗅觉相关基因,并验证了OBP99b,OBP56a和OBP99a基因在黑须污蝇幼虫、蛹和成虫3个发育阶段差异表达,为防治双峰驼阴道蝇蛆病提供了新思路。     

携带与未携带松材线虫的松墨天牛转录组差异表达基因分析

【目的】本研究旨在建立携带与未携带松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus的松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus成虫各组织的转录组数据库,揭示松墨天牛对松材线虫响应的转录组整体表达特征。【方法】以携带和未携带松材线虫的松墨天牛成虫的表皮、气管和脂肪体为材料,采用Illumina HiSeq TM 2000测序平台开展转录组测序,利用Trinity软件对RNA-Seq数据进行从头组装,利用NCBI数据库进行基因注释。通过DEG-Seq分析携带和未携带松材线虫的松墨天牛成虫中的差异表达基因,对上调表达基因进行GO和KEGG代谢途径富集分析,并通过实时荧光定量PCR技术对部分差异表达的基因包括ENV,CDK1,HSP70-C,HSP70,HSP75,DUO,PABPN1和IGFP基因的表达水平进行验证。【结果】测序过滤后共获得55059条单基因簇(unigene),平均长度为1536 bp。将unigene与数据库中的序列进行BLASTX比对,成功注释24354条unigenes,其中4022条unigene在GO数据库中获得注释,6098条unigene在KEGG数据库中获得注释。经过GO与KEGG富集分析显示,松墨天牛成虫携带松材线虫后,差异表达基因主要为与其气管中压力调节、组织与DNA修复、激素响应方面相关的基因。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果显示CDK1,HSP70,HSP75,DUO,PABPN1和IGFP基因的表达量在携带松材线虫的松墨天牛气管中相比未携带松材线虫的松墨天牛气管中的显著上调。【结论】本研究初步阐明松墨天牛携带松材线虫后转录组的整体表达模式,为进一步研究松墨天牛的基因功能及对松材线虫的胁迫响应过程奠定了基础。     

火龙果转录组测序、基因表达与功能分析

利用高通量测序技术对火龙果（Hylocereus undulatus Britt）红肉品种‘大红二号’的花芽、果实和枝条不同发育阶段的基因表达进行研究。结果显示,转录组测序共获得468.68 Gb原始数据（Raw data）,从头组装获得239 152条转录本和162 519条unigene,约53.74%的unigene得到注释。分别在43 506条和16 251条unigene中检测到600 283个SNP位点和56 147个SSR位点。基因表达分析结果表明,在火龙果不同组织Fl510、Fl513、Fl514、Fl518、F711、F715、S513、S419中分别有31、7、5、152、17、63、17、8个特异表达的unigene。通过GO和KEGG富集分析,发现了一些组织特异的GO条目和代谢通路,如在Fl510中富集的类萜骨架生物合成代谢通路等。本研究还对参与花发育的候选基因进行了鉴定和表达分析,他们包括COL基因、FT-like基因、分生组织决定基因和器官决定基因等。     

火龙果转录组测序、基因表达与功能分析

利用高通量测序技术对火龙果(Hylocereus undulatus Britt)红肉品种‘大红二号’的花芽、果实和枝条不同发育阶段的基因表达进行研究。结果显示,转录组测序共获得468.68 Gb原始数据(Raw data),从头组装获得239 152条转录本和162 519条unigene,约53.74%的unigene得到注释。分别在43 506条和16 251条unigene中检测到600 283个SNP位点和56 147个SSR位点。基因表达分析结果表明,在火龙果不同组织Fl510、Fl513、Fl514、Fl518、F711、F715、S513、S419中分别有31、7、5、152、17、63、17、8个特异表达的unigene。通过GO和KEGG富集分析,发现了一些组织特异的GO条目和代谢通路,如在Fl510中富集的类萜骨架生物合成代谢通路等。本研究还对参与花发育的候选基因进行了鉴定和表达分析,他们包括COL基因、FT-like基因、分生组织决定基因和器官决定基因等。