对肋骨进行组织形态测量推断年龄

本文的目的在于研究人类密质骨的年龄变化规律 ,为法医学、人类学利用骨骼推断年龄提供新方法。本研究收集了 86例中国北方汉族男性右侧第六肋骨的中 1 3段 ,制作脱钙骨切片 ,在计算机图像分析仪上测量 9项组织形态学参数 ,并进行多元逐步回归分析 ,结果得到一个推断年龄的多元回归方程 :^Y =33 545 +0 938X2 +2 4 9 1 4 4X4+0 676X7- 769 784X8- 0 0 0 4X9,复相关系数和标准误分别是 0 954和 4 1 4。经 30例已知年龄的标本检验 ,预测年龄的误差在± 5岁以内的可达 77% ,误差在±8岁以内的可达 1 0 0 %。     

胸骨的年龄变化

本文对120名已知生前准确年龄的中国汉族成年男性胸骨做了研究。样本来自全国九个省区,年龄范围19—74岁。研究结果发现,胸骨的柄体关节面、胸肋关节面和胸骨体背面骨质,随年龄的增加,明显地呈规律性变化。统计分析的结果表明,胸骨判定年龄的方法,效果较好,可以用于法医学和人类学实践。     

荧光Real-time PCR鉴定鸡胸骨总RNA质量

为了更准确地鉴定提取鸡骨总RNA的质量,试验分别用核酸蛋白检测仪、1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳和荧光Real-time PCR检测评价3种不同的方法提取成年鸡胸骨总RNA的质量。结果显示,荧光Real-time PCR可更好地鉴定提取的骨总RNA的质量。用核酸蛋白检测仪、1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳能粗略检测RNA的纯度和完整性,但不能反映提取过程中是否引起基因不均一的减少,所检测的纯度也不能精确反映RNA的反转录效率。     

上海制造世界首例胸骨

日前,上海市胸科医院成功地用种上人体细胞的猪骨修复胸壁破损,世界上首例人工制造存活的胸骨由此诞生,现已成功地在5条狗身上做完动物实验。     

野生大熊猫的年龄鉴定

本文根据大熊猫门齿齿骨质年轮线数目鉴定了大熊猫的实际年龄,并按其头骨各骨缝的生长愈合情况及臼齿磨损程度将大熊猫划分为6个年龄组。     

鹅喉羚的年龄鉴定

本文以鹅喉羚为材料,采用双重附贴磨片法及蚀刻法确定角磨片上显示的生长层与角鞘上凸“嵴”的关系,并以第一下门齿(I_1)作切片所显示的年轮线进行验证。证明其角鞘上的凸“嵴”数量多少并不表示年龄大小,在一龄内无凸“嵴”,二、三龄均包含有4—5个凸“嵴”,四龄后亦为2—3个凸“嵴”组成一龄,真正的年龄线是角表凸“嵴”之后有一粗糙微凹的环纹。实验结果可应用于野外生态学调查,用以判断种群年龄及结构。     

小型兽类年龄鉴定方法简评

在种群动态研究中,掌握种群年龄结构有助手估算个体生长率、达性成熟年龄、最高及平均寿命、种群出生率及死亡率等,因此种群年龄划分有其一定必要性。但是,由于在自然     

基于骨龄学方法鉴定吐鲁番沙虎的年龄

基于113个标本的吻肛长频次数据,初步划分吐鲁番沙虎(Teratoscincus roborowskii)的年龄组,各年龄组共选取54例个体,分别截取第2右前趾骨第3趾节,用常规石蜡切片法进行了骨龄学鉴定。同时,根据野外标记重捕方法获得个体的形态学生长指标来验证年龄组划分的合理性。结果表明,吐鲁番沙虎雌雄个体间吻肛长差异不显著,可以合并进行年龄鉴定;吐鲁番沙虎的吻肛长和骨龄间有显著的相关性;对于小于6龄的个体,骨龄学的方法适用于吐鲁番沙虎年龄的鉴定。     

色林错裸鲤的年龄鉴定

本文对色体错裸鲤（Gymnocypris selincuoensis) 的年龄、年龄形成时间以及臀鳞、背鳍条磨片和耳石磨对年龄解释的一致性问题进行了探讨。结果表明在取样的258尾标本中,臀鳞鉴定的年龄在1－21龄之间,背鳍条磨片为1－20龄,耳石磨片为1－29龄。背鳍条和耳石磨片对年龄的判别能力分别为98.41%和94.44%,而臀鳞只有62.30%。在这三种年龄鉴定的材料中,以耳石磨片上的年轮计数最高;尤其是15龄以上的个体,耳石磨片年龄计数与臀鳞及背鳍条磨片计数相差可达5－8龄。年轮的形成时间在每年的4－6月。     

一株中肋骨条藻特异溶藻菌的分离鉴定及溶藻特性

【背景】赤潮频发引起严重的海洋生态学问题,不仅直接影响到海洋生态系统稳定、海洋生物资源可持续利用和水产养殖业等海洋产业的健康发展,而且对人类健康也构成了严重威胁。高效的溶藻细菌是生物法防控赤潮的有效工具之一。【目的】分离得到对中肋骨条藻具有高效溶藻效果的溶藻细菌,并对其进行分子鉴定,研究该菌株的溶藻机理以及溶藻菌所分泌溶藻物质的特性。【方法】采用2216E平板稀释涂布法分离纯化细菌,测定16SrRNA基因序列以鉴定细菌种类,利用显微镜计数溶藻菌处理后的目标藻种计算溶藻率,通过扫描电镜观察溶藻菌对中肋骨条藻的溶藻过程,利用常规生理生化方法研究溶藻菌溶藻物质的特征,并通过透析袋截留法研究溶藻物质分子量大小。【结果】分离得到一株中肋骨条藻高效溶藻菌FDHY-CJ,该菌株属于交替单胞菌属(Alteromonas sp. FDHY-CJ)。该菌株72 h处理赤潮藻结果显示,对中肋骨条藻溶藻率为95.45%,对于其他常见赤潮藻溶藻率低于40%。溶藻菌FDHY-CJ通过胞外分泌物溶藻;溶藻物质的溶藻特性不受反复冻融的影响,但对酸碱性及温度较为敏感;扫描电镜观察结果显示该溶藻菌的溶藻物质直接溶解中肋骨...     

Implications of senescence patterns for the evolution of age polyethism in eusocial insects

Division of labor based on age, with workers delaying performanceof risky tasks, evolved in all major lineages of eusocial insects,raising questions about possible selective advantages of thispattern. We present a model showing that patterns of senescencein workers can have profound implications for the evolutionof age polyethism in insect societies. Controversy exists overthe relative importance of programmed versus rate of livingsenescence in determining the longevity of animals. If programmedsenescence occurs in eusocial insects, workers that delay performanceof risky tasks until later in life have greater expected longevityand therefore perform more labor per unit production cost. Ifsenescence does not occur or if the age of senescent death isdetermined solely by rate of living effects, then worker longevityis not increased by delayed performance of risky tasks. Severallines of indirect evidence suggest that high rates of work havenegative effects on worker longevity, supporting the rate ofliving hypothesis. Critical empirical data on patterns of senescencein eusocial insect workers are lacking, however, particularlywith respect to the occurrence of programmed senescence. Furthermore,programmed senescence may operate in conjunction with rate ofliving effects. In this case, a negative relationship betweenwork rate and longevity will be evident in highly active workers,while longevity of inactive workers will reach an upper plateauand will not be related to differences in work rate. If programmedsenescence is demonstrated in eusocial insect workers, thenincreased worker longevity may have favored the evolution ofage polyethism with delayed performance of risky tasks.     

Effect on blood,liver, and kidney variables of age and of dosing rats with lead acetate orally or via the drinking water

Levels of lead in the livers and kidneys of rats increased in proportion to the dose of lead acetate that the rats were given orally or in the drinking water. The activities of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (DALAD) in blood and liver decreased when the rats were dosed with lead, whereas glutathione levels in the blood increased. The decrease in the activity of blood DALAD was the most sensitive indicator of lead toxicity. Levels of lead in the livers and kidneys decreased after 3, 7, and 14 d of lead withdrawal. The activities of blood DALAD increased after 3 d of lead withdrawal. Groups of rats that initially weighted an average of 140 g were killed at weekly intervals for 6 wk. Blood hematocrits and liver glutathione levels increased, and blood DALAD and activated DALAD from blood decreased with increasing age of the rats. Activated DALAD activities from liver increased after the first week of the study.     

磁共振动态对比增强联合血清TSGF、ICTP、ALP对骨肿瘤良恶性鉴别和骨恶性肿瘤治疗后的疗效评估价值

摘要 目的：探讨磁共振动态对比增强（DCE-MRI）联合血清肿瘤相关物质（TSGF）、I型胶原羧基吡啶末端肽（ICTP）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）对骨肿瘤良恶性鉴别和骨恶性肿瘤治疗后的疗效评估价值。方法：选择2020年12月至2022年4月本院收治的骨肿瘤患者163例为研究对象,根据骨肿瘤良恶性分为良性组（74例）和恶性组（89例）,恶性组治疗后根据实体肿瘤疗效评价标准分为疗效良好组和疗效不良组,比较良性组与恶性组、疗效良好组与疗效不良组容量运转常数（Ktrans）、速率常数（Kep）、血管外细胞外间隙容积分数（Ve）及1分钟内初始曲线下面积（iAUC）、TSGF、ICTP、ALP,分析Ktrans、Kep、Ve、iAUC与血清TSGF、ICTP、ALP的相关性,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析各指标对骨肿瘤良恶性的预测价值。结果：不同组间Ktrans、Kep、iAUC、TSGF、ICTP、ALP比较,良性组低于恶性组（P＜0.05）,疗效良好组低于疗效不良组（P＜0.05）;DCE-MRI定量参数中的Ktrans、Kep、iAUC与血清TSGF、ICTP、ALP呈正相关（P＜0.05）;Ktrans、Kep、iAUC、TSGF、ICTP、ALP及联合预测骨肿瘤良恶性的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.794、0.804、0.744、0.747、0.773、0.828和0.986,各项指标联合预测骨肿瘤良恶性的AUC大于各指标单独预测。结论：DCE-MRI定量参数Ktrans、Kep、iAUC联合血清TSGF、ICTP、ALP对骨肿瘤良恶性具有较高的鉴别价值,此外Ktrans、Kep、iAUC、TSGF、ICTP、ALP越高,恶性骨肿瘤患者治疗后的临床疗效越差。     

Identification and genetic effect of haplotype in the bovine BMP7 gene

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are peptide growth factors belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, and some members of the BMP family support white adipocyte differentiation. In this study, we focused on the BMP7 which singularly promotes the differentiation of brown preadipocytes. Haplotypes involving 5 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in the bovine BMP7 gene were identified and their effect on body weight was analyzed. 16 haplotypes and 18 combined haplotypes were revealed and the linkage disequilibrium was assessed in the cattle population with 602 individuals representing three main cattle breeds from China. The results showed that haplotypes 3, 10 and 14 were predominant and accounted for 75.64%, 69.85%, and 83.36% in Nanyang, Qinchuan and Jiaxian cattle breeds, respectively. The statistical analyses indicated that the SNP 1, 4, and 5 are associated with the body weight, body length, and heart girth at 12 and 24 months in Nanyang cattle population (P < 0.05), whereas there is no significant association between their 16 haplotypes and 18 combined haplotypes. Our results provide evidence that some SNPs and haplotypes in BMP7 are associated with growth traits, and may be utilized as a genetic marker in marker-assisted selection for beef cattle breeding programs.