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1.
Luc Plateaux 《Insectes Sociaux》1960,7(3):221-226
Résumé Nous avons fait élever des larves d'Anergates atratulus par des ouvrières deMyrmica laevinodis à 22°C. Pour y parvenir, il n'est pas utile de faire hivernerensemble les larves d'Anergates et les ouvrières deMyrmica. La présence de larves autochtones n'empêche pas lesMyrmica d'élever des larves d'Anergates. Dans toutes les expériences lesMyrmica ont été soumises au fridavant de recevoir des larves d'Anergates. Aucune reine deMyrmica n'a été utilisée dans ces expériences.Sur les 64 larves d'Anergates que nous avons utilisées, 38 se sont transformées en imagos. C'est au début de l'adoption et au moment des métamorphoses que périrent la plupart des 26Anergates perdus. Les femelles vécurent en général 2 ou 3 jours et cherchèrent très tôt à quitter le nid natal. Les mâles vécurent 2 à 3 semaines.
Summary Larvae ofAnergates atratulus were experimentally reared by workers ofMyrmica laevinodis, at 22°C. An overwintering of both larvae ofAnergates and workers ofMyrmica is not necessary for the success of that experiment. The presence of larvae ofMyrmica does not keep theMyrmica from rearing larvae ofAnergates. The workers ofMyrmica have been cooled, in all the experiments, before receiving larvae ofAnergates. No queen ofMyrmica have been used in that experiments.38 of the 64 larvae ofAnergates used became imagos. Most of the 26 lostAnergates died at the beginning of the adoption and during the metamorphosis. The females lived generally 2 or 3 days and tried, very early, to leave their native nest. The males lived 2 or 3 weeks.
Anergates atratulus Myrmica laevinodis, 22 . bmecme Anergates Myrmica. Myrmica Anergates. Myrmica Anergates. Myrmica . 64 Anergates , 38 . 26 Anergates 2 3 . 2 3 .相似文献
2.
Patil Vishwanath Bjørnstad Åsmund Mackey James 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2003,12(2):169-183
Doubled haploid (DH) progeny from a cross between the scald susceptible barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar Ingrid and the resistant accession CI 11549 (Nigrinudum) was evaluated for resistance in the pathogen Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem) J.J. Davis. Two linked and incompletely dominant loci confer resistance CI 11549 against isolate 4004. One is an allele at the complex Rrs1 locus on chromosome 3H close to the centromere; the other is located 22 cM distally on the long arm. The latter locus is designated Rrs4. In BC3-lines into Ingrid from CI 2222 (another Nigrinudum) resistance seems governed by one locus close to the telomeric region of chromosome 7H, probably allelic to Rrs2. In neither case did we find any trace of the recessive gene rh8 reported to be present in Nigrinudum. Various resistance donors of Ethiopian origin designated as Nigrinudum, Jet or Abyssinian were identical to a great extent with respect to markers, but differed in resistance to different isolates of scald or in barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance. The implications for their use as differentials in scald tests and screening of germplasm collections are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Jun-Ichiro Murayama Hitoshi Manabe Kayoko Fukuda Hideo Utsumi Akira Hamada 《Glycoconjugate journal》1989,6(4):499-510
Sialic acids and the majorO-glycosidic oligosaccharide of glycophorin MK from monkey (Japanese monkey,Macaca fuscata) erythrocyte membranes were characterized.N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (neu5Gc) was found as the major sialic acid, which was confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as the trimethylsilyl methyl ester. ThreeO-glycosidic oligosaccharide units were obtained from a tryptic glycopeptide that contained all of the carbohydrate units in glycophorin MK by mild alkaline borohydride/borotritide treatment. Carbohydrate analyses of the oligosaccharides revealed that they were composed of Neu5Gc, galactose andN-acetylgalactosaminitol in the molar ratios of 111 (trisaccharide), 211 (tetrasaccharide) and 111 (pentasaccharide). The content of oligosaccharide units was estimated to be 1125 for penta-, tetra- and trisaccharide, respectively, based on the yields, the molecular weight, and the number of oligosaccharide attachment sites in the amino-acid sequence. The tetrasaccharide was the major oligosaccharide and its structure was proposed to be Neu5Gc2-3Gal1-3[Neu5Gc2-6]GalNAcol. 相似文献
4.
R. Gondko W. Michalak A. Rogala Dr. B. Rózga M. Adamska 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1977,51(2):87-93
Summary Leghorn, Cornish and White Rock hens were subjected to starvation. Free amino acids were determined in blood samples taken after 48, 72 and 96 h of starvation. A progressive decrease in concentration of the majority of amino acids was found. Changes in amino acid concentrations during starvation were dependent on the breed of hen. 相似文献
5.
Phosphorylation of the subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) is known to be an important translational control mechanism in all eukaryotes with the major exception of plants. Regulation of mammalian and yeast eIF2 activity is directly governed by specific phosphorylation on Ser-51. We now demonstrate that recombinant wheat wild-type (51S) but not mutant 51-Ala (51A) protein is phosphorylated by human PKR and yeast GCN2, which are defined eIF2 kinases. Further, only wheat wild-type eIF2 is a substrate for plant-encoded, double-stranded RNA-dependent kinase (pPKR) activity. Plant PKR and GCN2 phosphorylate recombinant yeast eIF2 51S but not the 51A mutant demonstrating that pPKR has recognition site capability similar to established eIF2 kinases. A truncated version of wild-type wheat eIF2 containing 51S but not the KGYID motif is not phosphorylated by either hPKR or pPKR suggesting that this putative eIF2 kinase docking domain is essential for phosphorylation. Taken together, these results demonstrate the homology among eukaryotic eIF2 species and eIF2 kinases and support the presence of a plant eIF2 phosphorylation pathway. 相似文献
6.
The overlapping fragments of the chromosomal DNA from black widow spider Latrodectus mactans carrying genes for high-molecular-mass protein neurotoxins, - and -latroinsectotoxins (-LIT and -LIT) and -latrotoxin (-LTX), were PCR-amplified and cloned. Restriction analysis of the PCR products showed that the distribution and sizes of the restriction fragments coincided with those deduced from the earlier sequencing of cDNAs of the corresponding genes. It thus followed that the -LIT and -LIT genes are intronless. Along with our data on the structure of the -latrocrustotoxin (-LCT), this implies that the lack of introns is a common feature of the black widow spider genes encoding high molecular mass neurotoxins. 相似文献
7.
Ferdane Kutlar Jose M. Gonzalez-Redondo Abdullah Kutlar Aytemiz Gurgey Çigdem Altay Georgi D. Efremov Klara Kleman Titus H. J. Huisman 《Human genetics》1989,82(2):179-186
Summary Details are given of a study of blood samples from 24 patients with Hb H disease from different Mediterranean countries and from the Far East. Four different types of -thal-1 (--) were observed, namely-() ( 20.5-kb deletion);--MED-I ( 17.5-kb deletion);--MED-II (>26.5-kb deletion); and--SEA ( 18-kb deletion, in Orientals only). The -thal-2 was mainly of the deletion type (16 with the 3.7-kb deletion; 1 with the 4.2-kb deletion), while 4 of the 7 patients with a nondeletional type had the five-nucleotide deletion at the donor splice site of the first intron of the 2 gene. All patients had a mild-to-moderate hemolytic anemia; no significant differences in hematology were observed between the groups. Hb A2 was decreased to about one-third of the normal level. The Hb H formation varied considerably and its quantitation was not always satisfactory. Patients with Hb H disease due to any -thal-1 combined with a nondeletional -thal-2 had the highest Hb H levels and a more marked anemia. The chain production was small and absent in patients with the MED-II type of -thal-1 because this deletion included the and genes. The highest chain levels were present in the four patients with the SEA type of -thal-1. The chain production was increased, particularly in patients with a mutation of C T at position-158 to the G globin gene. This chain was primarily present as Hb Bart's (or 4) and only about 15% was recovered as Hb F or 22. The evaluation of the rate of chains produced in these patients was greatly facilitated by data from one patient who had Hb H disease and a heterozygosity for the A-+. The low levels of Hb A2 and of Hb F (relative to Hb Bart's) can be explained by a decreased affinity of chains for and chains as compared with chains in conditions of severe chain deficiency. 相似文献
8.
S. Al Makdessi M. Brändle M. Ehrt H. Sweidan R. Jacob 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1995,145(1):69-73
It was the aim of this study to investigate (1) whether preconditioning modifies the fatty acid (FA) composition of myocardial phospholipids (PL), (2) whether a previous modification of membrane PL composition by the administration of coconut oil or fish oil influences the preconditioning, and (3) to compare the protective effects of preconditioning to those of dietary fish oil. To this end, three groups of rats were given during 10 weeks either a standard diet, or a standard diet +10% coconut oil, or a standard diet +10% fish oil. The preconditioning was performedin situ in the anesthetized open-chest rats by 2 cycles of 3 min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and 10 min reperfusion. It was followed by a 40 min ischemia and a 60 min reperfusion. ECG was recorded and used for the continuous count of the salves of extrasystoles, ventricular flutter and fibrillation. These rhythm disturbances were subsequently added and evaluated as total arrhythmias. The FA of tissue PL were analyzed in a sample of the ischemic zone the size of which was determined by means of malachite green.Coconut oil diet (rich in saturated FA) modified slightly the myocardial PL by increasing oleic acid acid and decreasing linoleic acid and resulted in the highest incidence of arrhythmias. Fish oil diet had the opposite effect in modifying drastically the PLFA (replacement of the n-6 FA by the n-3 FA) and minimizing significantly the arrhythmias in comparison with the standard diet group. The antiarrhythmic effect of preconditioning could be observed only after coconut oil had been administered and was not accompanied by a modification of PL composition. The reduction of arrhythmias in this case was comparable to that observed under fish oil administration with and without preconditioning. The size of the ischemic zone remained unchanged.We conclude that the protection by ischemic preconditioning is not mediated by the modification of the composition of heart PL, and that the n-3 FA diet had such a protective effect that no additional protection could be supplied by ischemic preconditioning.Abbreviations 120
lauric acid
- 140
myristic acid
- 160
palmitic acid
- 161
n-7 t-trans-palmitoleic acid
- 161n-7 c
cis-palmitoleic acid
- 180
stearic acid
- 181n-9
oleic acid
- 181n-7
vaccenic acid
- 182n-6
linoleic acid
- 183n-3-
linolenic acid
- 203n-6
dihomo -linolenic acid
- 204n-6
arachidonic acid
- 205n-3
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
- 224n-6
eicosatetraenoic acid
- 225n-3
docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)
- 226n-3
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
- BHT
butylated hydroxytoluene 相似文献
9.
Elevated CO2 (ambient + 35 Pa) increased shoot dry mass production in Avena fatua by 68% at maturity. This increase in shoot biomass was paralleled by an 81% increase in average net CO2 uptake (A) per unit of leaf area and a 65% increase in average A at the ecosystem level per unit of ground area. Elevated CO2 also increased ecosystem A per unit of biomass. However, the products of total leaf area and light-saturated leaf A divided by the ground surface area over time appeared to lie on a single response curve for both CO2 treatments. The approximate slope of the response suggests that the integrated light saturated capacity for leaf photosynthesis is 10-fold greater than the ecosystem rate. Ecosystem respiration (night) per unit of ground area, which includes soil and plant respiration, ranged from-20 (at day 19) to-18 (at day 40) mol m-2 s-1 for both elevated and ambient CO2
Avena. Ecosystem below-ground respiration at the time of seedling emergence was -10 mol m-2 s-1, while that occuring after shoot removal at the termination of the experiment ranged from -5 to-6 mol m-2 s-1. Hence, no significant differences between elevated and ambient CO2 treatments were found in any respiration measure on a ground area basis, though ecosystem respiration on a shoot biomass basis was clearly reduced by elevated CO2. Significant differences existed between leaf and ecosystem water flux. In general, leaf transpiration (E) decreased over the course of the experiment, possibly in response to leaf aging, while ecosystem rates of evapotranspiration (ET) remained constant, probably because falling leaf rates were offset by an increasing total leaf biomass. Transpiration was lower in plants grown at elevated CO2, though variation was high because of variability in leaf age and ambient light conditions and differences were not significant. In contrast, ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET) was significantly decreased by elevated CO2 on 5 out of 8 measurement dates. Photosynthetic water use efficiencies (A/E at the leaf level, A/ET at the ecosystem level) were increased by elevated CO2. Increases were due to both increased A at leaf and ecosystem level and decreased leaf E and ecosystem ET. 相似文献
10.
W. D. Hanson E. C. Johnson 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1981,60(1):55-63
Summary An exotic Zea mays L. population (Tuxpeno) was adapted to North Carolina conditions by first introducing genes for adaptability from two North Carolina varieties ([(Jarvis X Indian Chief)Tuxpeno]Tuxpeno) including four generations of intermating, and then selecting for adaptability using maturity as the primary measure. The study evaluated selection for adaptability and the diversity available between adapted Tuxpeno and the local varieties, Jarvis and Indian Chief. Analytical procedures were developed to quantify the diversity between populations and the complementation of local varieties by introduced germ plasms. The analyses utilized the specific effects available from the diallel mating design.Three replicate selections responded similarly under simple recurrent mass selection (1/10) for the earliest disease-free plants initially and additionally for plant types (primarily height) in the final generation. The 1/4 local germ plasm permitted rapid adaptation of Tuxpeno gene pool to local conditions. The adapted Tuxpeno populations yielded similarly to the local populations with an average heterosis for grain yield of 28% when crossed to the local populations used as source of genes for adaptability. The diversity found between adapted Tuxpeno lines and these local varieties based on genes affecting grain yield was 1.5 to 2.5 times that measured between the local varieties (Jarvis and Indian Chief). Diversity lost through intergradation with local material was a reasonable investment. Yield genes introduced from Tuxpeno complemented local gene pools through nonadditive, primarily dominance-associated, gene effects. Reassortment of major gene blocks apparently occurred leading to significant divergence among replicate selections involving both additive-associated and dominance-associated gene effects.Paper No. 6355 of the North Carolina Agri. Res. Ser., Raleigh, NC. Research supported in collaboration with the Rockefeller Foundation and CIMMYT, D.F. (Mexico) 相似文献
11.
Summary The metabolic formation of ,-tridecanedioic acid via n-tridecanoic acid and via ,-tridecanediol from n-tridecane in the mutant S 76 of Candida tropicalis was studied. It was found that resting cells of S 76 produced ,-tridecanediol from n-tridecane.With n-tridecanol as substrate, the ,-diol could also be detected. The mutant S 76 was able to produce ,-tridecanedioic acid using either n-tridecanol or n-tridecanoic acid as the sole carbon source. Quantitative changes in the concentration of -hydroxy tridecanoic acid and other intermediates were recorded during the formation of ,-dioic acid.The results confirm the existence of two metabolic pathways mentioned above in the course of ,-dioic acid formation from odd n-alkane in the mutant S 76 of C. tropicalis. 相似文献
12.
A. M. Popov 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2003,39(3):314-320
Using permeability to labeled glucose as a criterion of stability for liposomal membranes, a comparative study on stabilizing properties of different sterols and triterpenes in phospholipid bilayer has been carried out as well as on structural peculiarities of sterols responsible for membranolytic properties of cucumarioside G1 from the cucumaria Eupentacta fraudatris. Stabilizing action of the studied sterols and triterpenoides incorporated in the bilayer decreases in the following order: cholesterol sulfate > cholesterol > 5-sterols > -sitosterol > ergosterols > 7-sterols > epicholesterol > pregnane > androstane > coprosterol > 14-methylcholest-9(11)-en-3-ol > 4, 14-dimethylcholest-9(11)-en-3-ol > holothurinogenin A1 > glucoside of cholesterol > -xylosidase of 7-sterols > betulin > protopanaxatriol > phosphatidylcholine liposomes without sterol > protopanaxadiol > oleanolic acid. Sterol-dependent membranolytic cucumarioside G1 practically loses its ability to increase permeability of phospholipid membranes containing sterols obtained from this holothuria as well as coprosterol, epicholestrol, sulfated and glycosylated forms of sterols. The obtained results confirm the sterol hypothesis of the mechanism of membranotropic action of holothuria glycosides and of resistance to them of holothuria cell membranes. 相似文献
13.
G. Galiba L. Simon-Sarkadi G. Kocsy A. Salgo J. Sutka 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1992,85(4):415-418
Summary Stress-induced free amino acid accumulation in the presence of 0.7 M mannitol has been compared in tissue cultures of moderately stress-tolerant Chinese Spring and stress-sensitive Cappelle Desprez cultivars and in disomic chromosome substitution lines of Cappelle Desprez into Chinese Spring. The profile of amino acid accumulation was different in the two parents. The amino acid concentration of the substitution lines belonging to the A, B and D genomes, respectively, altered characteristically under stress condition. The Cappelle Desprez chromosomes associated with non-ionic osmotic stress-induced free amino acid accumulation were 5A and 5D. 相似文献
14.
Irmgard Heiber-Langer Cécile Clery Johannes Franks Patrick Masson Claude Balny 《European biophysics journal : EBJ》1992,21(4):241-250
The reaction of methanol dehydrogenase with cytochrome c
L from Methylophaga marina and the reactions of the non-physiological substrates, Wurster's blue and ascorbic acid, with both proteins were studied as a function of temperature (4–32 °C), pressure (1–2000 bar) and ionic strength using the optical high pressure stopped-flow method. The thermodynamic parameters H, S and V were determined for all reactions where electron transfers are involved. These data allowed the determination of the Maxwell relationships which proved the internal thermodynamic consistency of the system under study. A conformational change on the cytochrome c
L level was deduced from both breaks in the Arrhenius plots and the variation of the V with temperature.Abbreviations MOPS
4-morpholinepropanesulfonic acid
- CHES
2-(cyclohexylamino)ethanesulfonic acid
- MDH
methanol dehydrogenase
- EDTA
ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid disodium salt
- BTB
bromothymol blue (3,3-dibromothymolsulfoneph-thalein)
- PQQ
2,7,9-tricarboxy-lH-pyrrolo-[2,3f]quinoline-4,5-dione
- cytochrome c
HH
mammalian horse heart cytochrome c 相似文献
15.
Rachel Galun 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1989,50(2):133-139
Females of the medfly, Ceratitis capitata, prefer sucrose solutions containing ribonucleotides to sucrose solutions without them. The order of preference for the nucleotides was: 5GMP>GTP>5CMP>5IMP >dGMP>5UMP>5AMP>5XMP=ATP=2 & 3GMP=RP>3AMP.2AMP, guanosine, inosine, adenine and 5TMP produced no significant stimulation. Females sterilized by irradiation showed reduced attraction to 5GMP as compared to non-irradiated females.Optimal molecular configuration for phagostimulation includes: phosphorylation at the 5 position of the ribose, free hydroxyl groups at 2 and 3 on the ribose, and an NH2 group at the 2 position of the aromatic ring of purine.It is proposed that the 5GMP in yeast hydrolyzate can be used as a measure of the suitability of the hydrolyzate as a bait.
Abbreviations 5AMP Adenosine 5-monophosphate - 3AMP Adenosine 3-monophosphate - 2AMP Adenosine 2-monophosphate - dAMP 2-deoxyadenosine 5-monophosphate - ADP Adenosine 5-diphosphate - ATP Adenosine 5-triphosphate - 5GMP Guanosine 5-monophosphate - 2GMP Guanosine 2-monophosphate - 3GMP Guanosine 3-monophosphate - dGMP 2-deoxyguanosine 5-monophosphate - GDP Guanosine 5-diphosphate - GTP Guanosine 5-triphosphate - 5IMP Inosine 5-monophosphate - IDP Inosine 5-diphosphate - ITP Inosine 5-triphosphate - 5XMP Xanthosine 5-monophosphate - 5CMP Cytidine 5-monophosphate - dCMP 2 deoxycytidine 5-monophosphate - CTP Cytidine 5-triphosphate - 5UMP Uridine 5-monophosphate - 5TMP Thymidine 5-monophosphate - RP Ribose 5 monophosphate 相似文献
Résumé La femelle de la mouche méditerranéenne des fruits, Ceratitis capitata, préfère les solutions de sucrose contenant des ribonucléotides aux simples solutions de sucrose. Lórdre de préférence pour les nucléotides est le suivant: 5GMP>GTP>5CMP>5IMP >dGMP>5UMP>5AMP>5XMP=ATP =2 & 3GMP=RP>3AMP.Le 2AMP, la guanosine, l'inosine, l'adénine et le 5TMP provoquent une stimulation significative. Les femelles montrent aprés stérilisation par irradiation une attirance réduite pour le 5GMP par comparaison avec les femelles non-irradiées.La configuration moléculaire optimale pour la phagostimulation comprend: la phosphorylation en position 5 du ribose; des groupes hydroxyles libres en 2 et 3 sur le ribose; et un groupe NH2 en position 2 sur le noyau aromatique.Nous proposons que le 5GMP dans l'hydrolysat de levure puisse être utilisé pour mesurer la capacité de l'hydrolysat comme appât.
Abbreviations 5AMP Adenosine 5-monophosphate - 3AMP Adenosine 3-monophosphate - 2AMP Adenosine 2-monophosphate - dAMP 2-deoxyadenosine 5-monophosphate - ADP Adenosine 5-diphosphate - ATP Adenosine 5-triphosphate - 5GMP Guanosine 5-monophosphate - 2GMP Guanosine 2-monophosphate - 3GMP Guanosine 3-monophosphate - dGMP 2-deoxyguanosine 5-monophosphate - GDP Guanosine 5-diphosphate - GTP Guanosine 5-triphosphate - 5IMP Inosine 5-monophosphate - IDP Inosine 5-diphosphate - ITP Inosine 5-triphosphate - 5XMP Xanthosine 5-monophosphate - 5CMP Cytidine 5-monophosphate - dCMP 2 deoxycytidine 5-monophosphate - CTP Cytidine 5-triphosphate - 5UMP Uridine 5-monophosphate - 5TMP Thymidine 5-monophosphate - RP Ribose 5 monophosphate 相似文献
16.
Our recent studies have revealed the existence of two distinct Gal: 3-O-sulfotransferases capable of acting on the C-3 position of galactose in a Core 2 branched structure, e.g., Gal14GlcNAc16(Gal13)GalNac1OBenzyl as acceptor to give 3-O-sulfoGal14GlcNAc13(Gal13)GalNAc1OB 20 and Gal14GlcNAc16(3-O-sulfoGal13)GalNAc1OB 23. We herein report the synthesis of these two compounds and also that of other modified analogs that are highly specific acceptors for the two sulfotransferases. Appropriately protected 1-thio-glycosides 7, 8, and 10 were employed as glycosyl donors for the synthesis of our target compounds. 相似文献
17.
Taillades Jacques Beuzelin Isabelle Garrel Laurence Tabacik Vlado Bied Catherine Commeyras Auguste 《Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere》1998,28(1):61-77
Our previous kinetic and thermodynamic studies upon the reactional system HCHO/HCN/ NH3 in aqueous solutions are completed. In the assumed prebiotic conditions of the primitive earth ([HCHO] and [HCN] near 1 g L–1, T = 25 °C, pH = 8, [NH3] very low), this system leads to 99.9% of -hydroxyacetonitrile and 0.1% of -aminoacetonitrile (precursor of the -amino acid). The classical base-catalyzed hydration of nitriles, slow and not selective, can not modify significantly this proportion. On the contrary, we found two specific and efficient reactions of -aminonitriles which shift the initial equilibrium in favor of the -aminonitrile pathway. The first reaction catalyzed by formaldehyde generates -aminoamides, precursors of -aminoacids. The second reaction catalyzed by carbon dioxide affords hydantoins, precursors of N-carbamoyl--aminoacids. In the primitive hydrosphere, where the concentration in carbon dioxide was estimated to be higher than that of formaldehyde, the formation of hydantoins was consequently more efficient. The rates of hydrolysis of the -aminoacetamide and of the hydantoin at pH 8 being very similar, the synthesis of the N-carbamoyl--amino acid seems then to be the fatal issue of the HCHO/HCN/NH3 system that nature used to perform its evolution. These N-protected -amino acids offer new perspectives in prebiotic chemistry, in particular for the emergence of peptides on the prebiotic earth. 相似文献
18.
Guiyun Xu Takashi Suzuki Yasuhiro Maejima Tohru Mizoguchi Mamoru Tsuchiya Makoto Kiso Akira Hasegawa Yasuo Suzuki 《Glycoconjugate journal》1995,12(2):156-161
The sialidase of swine influenza A viruses of N1 and N2 subtypes, isolated from 1930 to 1992, was studied for substrate specificity with ganglio-series, lacto-series type II and GM3 gangliosides containing Neu5Ac2-3Gal, Neu5Gc2-3Gal and Neu5Ac2-6Gal linkages. All viral sialidases tested showed that the activity for hydrolysing substrates with Neu5Ac2-3Gal was higher than the activities with Neu5Gc2-3Gal and Neu5Ac2-6Gal linkages. When GM1b, GM3 and sialylparagloboside were used as substrates, the earliest strain (A/Wisconsin/15/30 H1N1, isolated in 1930) showed the activity ratio of Neu5Ac2-6Gal to Neu5Ac2-3Gal to be 0.13:0.2, and the ratio Neu5Gc2-3Gal/Neu5Ac2-3Gal to be 0.19:0.37, while those strains isolated from 1978 to 1992 exhibited ratios of 0.29:0.58 for Neu5Ac2-6Gal/Neu5Ac2-3Gal and 0.51:0.76 for Neu5Gc2-3Gal/Neu5Ac2-3Gal. The above results indicate that the substrate specificities of sialidases from swine influenza A viruses towards sialyl linkages and the molecular species of sialic acid are related to the year of isolation, i.e. strains isolated after 1978 exhibited higher activity towards Neu5Ac2-6Gal and Neu5Gc2-3Gal linkages when compared with strains isolated in an earlier year, 1930.Abbreviation Neu5Ac
5-N-acetylneuraminic acid
- Neu5Gc
5-N-glycolyneuraminic acid
- Gal
d-galactose
- Glc
d-glucose
- Cer
Ceramide
- II3(Neu5Ac)Lac
Neu5Ac2-3Gal1-4Glc
- GM3(Neu5Ac2-3Gal)
Neu5Ac2-3Gal1-4Glc1-Cer
- GM3(Neu5Gc2-3Gal)
Neu5Gc2-3Gal1-4Glc1-Cer
- GM1b(Neu5Ac2-3Gal)
Neu5Ac2-3Gal1-3GalNac1-4Gal1-4Glc1-Cer
- GMlb(Neu5Gc2-3Gal)
Neu5Gc2-3Gal1-3GalNAc1-4Gal1-4Glc1-Cer
- IV3(Neu5Ac)nLc4Cer
Neu5Ac2-3Gal1-3GlcNAc1-4Gal1-4Glc1-Cer
- IV3(Neu5Gc)nLc4Cer
Neu5Gc2-3Gal1-3GlcNAc1-4Gal1-4Glc1-Cer
- IV6(Neu5Ac)nLc4Cer
Neu5Ac2-6Gal1-3GlcNAc1-4Gal1-4Glc1-Cer
- TDC
taurodeoxycholate. 相似文献
19.
Erika Staudacher Thomas Dalik Petra Wawra Friedrich Altmann Leopold März 《Glycoconjugate journal》1995,12(6):780-786
An 1,3-fucosyltransferase was purified 3000-fold from mung bean seedlings by chromatography on DE 52 cellulose and Affigel Blue, by chromatofocusing, gelfiltration and affinity chromatography resulting in an apparently homogenous protein of about 65 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme transferred fucose from GDP-fucose to the Asn-linkedN-acetylglucosaminyl residue of an N-glycan, forming an 1,3-linkage. The enzyme acted upon N-glycopeptides and related oligosaccharides with the glycan structure GlcNAc2Man3 GlcNAc2. Fucose in 1,6-linkage to the asparagine-linked GlcNAc had no effect on the activity. No transfer to N-glycans was observed when the terminal GlcNAc residues were either absent or substituted with galactose.N-acetyllactosamine, lacto-N-biose andN-acetylchito-oligosaccharides did not function as acceptors for the 1,3-fucosyltransferase.The transferase exhibited maximal activity at pH 7.0 and a strict requirement for Mn2+ or Zn2+ ions. The enzyme's activity was moderately increased in the presence of Triton X-100. It was not affected byN-ethylmaleimide.Abbreviations 1,3-Fuc-T
GDP-fucose:-N-acetylglucosamine(Fuc to Asn-linked GlcNAc)1,3-fucosyltransferase
- 1,6-Fuc-T
GDP-fucose:-N-acetylglucosamine(Fuc to Asn-linked GlcNAc) 1,6-fucosyltransferase
- PA
pyridylamino
- GnGn
GlcNAc1-2Man1-6(GlcNAc1-2Man1-3)Man1-4GlcNAc1-4GlcNAc
- GnGnF3
GlcNAc1-2Man1-6(GlcNAc1-2Man1-3)Man1-4GlcNAc1-4(Fuc1-3)GlcNAc
- GnGnF6
GlcNAc1-2-Man1-6(GlcNAc1-2Man1-3)Man1-4GlcNAc1-4(Fuc1-6)GlcNAc
- GnGnF3F6
GlcNAc1-2Man1-6(GlcNAc1-2Man1-3)Man1-4GlcNAc1-4(Fuc1-3)[Fuc1-6]GlcNAc
- MM
Man1-6(Man1-3)Man1-4GlcNAc1-4GlcNAc
- MMF3
Man1-6(Man1-3)Man1-4GlcNAc1-4(Fuc1-3)GlcNAc
- MMF3F6
Man1-6(Man1-3)Man1-4GlcNAc1-4(Fuc1-3)[Fuc1-6]GlcNAc 相似文献
20.
On age morphological changes of males of Chydoridae (Cladocera) 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
N. N. Smirnov 《Hydrobiologia》1967,30(3-4):555-571
Summary Young and adult males of 11 species of Chydoridae are studied, their figures being published here (fig. 1–15). The necessity is stressed to distinguish young forms of males and gynandromorphic individuals.Pleuroxus balatonicus is considered to be described from the population ofPleuroxus unicatus having under Balaton Lake conditions retarded transformation of young males into adult form, and accordingly having unusually numerous young males. \qO\qs\qn\qo\qv\qn\qy\ye \qr\ye\qz\qu\ql\Qj\qt\qa\qt\qy 11 (. 1–15). . , Pleuroxus uncinatus , Pleuroxus balatonicus. 相似文献