禾本红酵母Y－5对结晶紫、孔雀石绿的吸附

研究了培养时间、初始pH、温度对禾本红酵母Y-5吸附结晶紫、孔雀石绿的影响,并对吸附剂的解吸和循环利用等进行考察.结果表明： 在染料浓度为50 mg·L^-1、pH 7.0、摇床转速150 r·min^-1、30 ℃、吸附10 h时,红酵母对结晶紫、孔雀石绿的吸附率分别达峰值,为93.8%和87.7%;解吸后的菌体对结晶紫、孔雀石绿的吸附率分别为85.5%和78.5%,说明菌体对染料的吸附是可逆的,循环利用效果良好,菌体可再生和循环利用;禾本红酵母Y-5对结晶紫、孔雀石绿的脱色机理为吸附作用,染料多被吸附在红酵母表面的羟基（-OH）上,其吸附染料快速、高效、可逆,在染料废水处理上具有潜在的应用价值.     

新月弯孢霉原生质体的形成与11β—羟基化反应

研究了新月弯孢霉原生质体形成的条件以及 1 1 β-羟基化反应。将培养 1 6～ 1 8h的菌体 ,以0 .6mol/LKCl作为渗透压稳定剂 ,3 0℃下 ,经过 1 %溶壁酶和 1 %纤维素酶混合酶液 ( pH5.6)酶解 4～ 5h ,原生质体释放量达 6.1 1× 1 0 6/ml,再生率为 1 3 .1 %。原生质体细胞具有 1 1 β -羟基化反应的能力 ,氢化可的松转化率为 4 4.4 4%。     

颗粒状固定化青霉素酰化酶的研究

将巨大芽孢杆菌 (Bacillusmegaterium)胞外青霉素酰化酶通过共价键结合到聚合物载体EupergitC颗粒环氧基团上 ,制成的颗粒状固定化青霉素酰化酶表现活力达 1 40 0 μ/g左右。固定化酶水解青霉素的最适 pH8 0 ,最适温度为 55℃。在pH6 0～ 8 5、温度低于 40℃时固定化酶活力稳定。在 pH8 0、温度 37℃时 ,固定化酶对青霉素的表现米氏常数Ka为 2×1 0 - 2 mol/L ;苯乙酸为竞争性抑制剂 ,抑制常数Kip为 2 8× 1 0 - 2 mol/L ;6 APA为非竞争性抑制剂 ,抑制常数Kia为 0 1 2 5mol/L。固定化酶水解青霉素 ,投料浓度为 8% ,在使用 2 0 0批后 ,保留活力 80 %左右 ,6 APA收率平均达 89 48%。     

微生物传感器测定维生素B12的研究

将大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)215用吸附法固定于醋酸纤维素膜上,与氧电极配合组成微生物电极,建立了对维生紊B₁₂的快速测定系统。测定浓度范围5×10^-6mg—2．5×10^-5mg／ml;测定温度范围在28—39℃;最适Ph为6．7—7．8,测定一个样品所需时间为2h,比常用的生物学测定方法所需时间缩短10倍以上。该系统对维生素B₁₂重复测定的相对误差为±3％。固定化菌体在－25℃保存25天后再进行测定,应答电流不低于初始值的92%。     

巨大芽孢杆菌D01吸附金(Au3+)的研究

巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)D01菌体吸附Au3+的最适pH值为30,其生物吸附作用是一种快速的过程,最初5min的吸附量可达到最大吸附量的95%,温度不影响该吸附作用。在pH3.0和30℃、起始金离子浓度与菌体浓度之比为305mg/g的条件下,吸附30min,吸附率达99.1%,吸附量为302.0mg/g干菌体。D01菌体能将溶液中的Au3+还原成Au0,在细胞表面和溶液中的Au0能形成不同形状的金晶体。浸渍在SiO2和αFe2O.3的Au3+能被D01菌体还原成Au0。从电化学反应表明,D01菌体对Au3+的还原具有较好的选择性。     

嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌质粒DNA的高压电穿孔转化研究

采用高压电穿孔法将穿梭质粒导入了嗜热脂肪芽胞杆菌(Bacillusstearothermophilus)K1041和T521菌株.以对数生长后期的菌体制备K1041转化细胞,以LB平板上于50℃培养的过夜菌制备T521转化细胞,细胞密度为5～7×109细胞/mL.电击条件如下电容25μF,电场强度10.0KV/cm,脉冲控制器设定200Ω.K1041和T521最高转化效率分别达2.01×104和1.19×102转化子/μgDNA.此外,研究发现T521和K1041中存在着DNA的限制/修饰系统.     

HCMV pp65截短蛋白原核表达条件优化

为了提高HCMVpp65蛋白片段在大肠杆菌中表达量,研究了不同发酵条件对其表达的影响,包括培养基、接种量、温度、摇床转速、pH、诱导时间以及诱导剂IPTG使用浓度等。结果表明,以LB培养基为发酵液,按5%接种量,37℃培养3h后IPTG诱导5h,重组菌菌体生物量为0.6g/L,目的蛋白表达量达18mg/L。用3.7L发酵罐进行放大培养,菌体生物量达0.85g/L,最高目的蛋白表达量达到25mg/L。     

温特曲霉转富马酸为L-苹果酸的初步研究*

从大量霉菌中选育到一株具有较高富马酸酶活性的温特曲霉(Aspergillus wentii) A5-61。在摇瓶培养条件下,32℃ 96小时,产L-苹果酸达10.49g/100ml,对富马酸的转化率达90.80%。利用菌体细胞,进行酶转化试验,结果表明：1.6g湿菌体接入25ml含富马酸10.0%（用NaOH中和至pH7.0）的转化液中,35℃16～24小时,连续转化三次,分别产生L—苹果酸9.61g/100ml、9.73g/100ml、6.93g/100ml。对菌体整体细胞酶学性质的研究表明,其最适反应温度35℃,最适反应pH7.0,Cu2＋对该酶有明显的抑制作用,该酶的Km＝0.154mol/L,Vmax＝0.0571mol/L·h。     

GABAA受体蛋白片段在大肠杆菌细胞表达条件研究

为了提高GABAA受体α1蛋白片段在大肠杆菌中表达量,研究了重组菌的发酵条件,包括培养基,接种量,温度,摇床转速,pH,诱导培养时间和诱导剂IPTG使用浓度等对GABAA受体蛋白片段表达的影响。结果表明重组菌以LB培养基为发酵基质,按3%接种量,37℃培养细胞3.5h后IPTG32℃诱导5h,菌体生物量为3.25g/L,目标蛋白表达量达95mg/L。用16L发酵罐进行放大培养,菌体生物量达4.95g/L,发酵周期5.5h。最高目标蛋白表达量达到136mg/L。     

出芽短梗霉菌JB16铅镉吸附特性的研究北大核心

【目的】本文对污染土壤中的耐重金属菌株进行分离鉴定,研究菌株在不同条件下对吸附铅镉的影响因素。【方法】通过生理生化特征及ITS序列分析确定菌株种属,采用平板划线法确定最大耐铅镉浓度并探究菌株吸附的最佳条件;通过准二级动力学、Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附的模型及红外光谱探究吸附过程。【结果】菌落形态和ITS序列分析鉴定表明,筛选分离的JB16为出芽短梗霉菌(Aureobasidium pullulans),最大耐铅浓度达1500 mg/L,最大耐镉浓度达750 mg/L,最大耐铅镉混合浓度达1500 mg/L和300 mg/L。通过单因素实验(温度、时间、菌龄、pH、湿菌体浓度和初始重金属浓度)得出结论,在温度30℃、时间2 h、菌龄72 h、pH 6、湿菌体浓度5 g/L和初始铅浓度150 mg/L的最佳条件下,菌体对铅的吸附率为88.5%;在温度30℃、时间1 h、菌龄96 h、pH 6、湿菌体浓度5 g/L和初始镉浓度20 mg/L的最佳条件下,菌体对镉的吸附率为59.4%。菌株吸附铅镉过程符合Langmuir吸附模型和准二级动力学模型,为表面单分子层吸附。扫描电镜和红外光谱分析表明,重金属离子对菌体造成影响,吸附前后形态发生变化,细胞表面的羟基、羧基、饱和C−H键和酰胺基等基团参与了吸附过程。【结论】菌株JB16具有一定的铅镉吸附效果,为修复重金属铅镉污染的水体和土壤提供宝贵的菌种资源和数据支持。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.